Abstract: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is an acute febrile rash, usually induced by drugs, which recently has been linked to spider bite. We report a case of a male patient, 48 years old, with an erythematous rash accompanied by fever and small non-follicular pustules. He reported previous pain in the buttock with the onset of a necrotic plaque. The lesion was compatible with spider bite of the genus Loxosceles. According to the EuroSCAR group instrument, the patient scored +10 indicating definite diagnosis of AGEP. As the patient had a compatible lesion and had no other triggers of AGEP, in an Loxosceles endemic area, the AGEP would be associated with spider bite, as described in other publications.

The yeasts of the genus Candida infect skin, nails, and mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal and the genitourinary tract. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatomycoses caused by Candida spp., and their etiological aspects in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A retrospective study with data obtained from tertiary hospital patients, from 1996 to 2011, was performed. The analyzed parameters were date, age, gender, ethnicity, anatomical region of lesions, and the direct examination results. For all the statistical analyses, a = 0.05 was considered. Among positive results in the direct mycological examination, 12.5% of the total of 4,815 cases were positive for Candida spp. The angular coefficient (B) was -0.7%/ year, showing a decrease over the years. The genus Candida was more prevalent in women (15.9% of women versus 5.84% of men), and in addition, women were older than men (54 versus 47 years old, respectively). There was no difference between ethnic groups. The nails were more affected than the skin, with 80.37% of the infections in the nails (72.9% in fingernails and 7.47% in toenails). Our study corroborates the literature regarding the preference for gender, age, and place of injury. Moreover, we found a decrease in infection over the studied period.

Phaeohyphomycosis is a disease caused by dematiaceous fungi with a worldwide geographic distribution and broad spectrum. It is most commonly found in adult individuals of both genders and all races. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with phaeohyphomycosis in the ungual apparatus.

Estudo prospectivo avaliando a concordância entre os resultados do exame micológico direto e dacultura para fungos de material coletado de pacientes com suspeita clínica de onicomicose dos pés. Ocorreu concordância em 56,1% dos exames com dermatófitos, em 52,4% dos exames com outros fungos e em 90,4% dos exames negativos (0,54 de acordo com o teste kappa). Em 39,3% das onicomicoses por dermatófitos e em 31,8% das por não dermatófitos, os agentes etiológicos foram identificados somente pelo exame direto. O exame direto demonstrou maior sensibilidade, comparado ao cultural, sendo superior em 19,5% da amostra total e mantendo concordância com a cultura em 71,5% da amostra.

Prospective study compared the agreement between the direct microscopy and fungical culture from subungueal samples of the patients with clinical suspicion of feet's onychomycosis. The agreement occurred in 56.1% of the exams with dermatophytes, in 52.4% by others fungi and in 90.4% of the negative cases, 0,54 according to the Kappa`s test. In 39.3% of the onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes and 31.8% by nondermatophytes, these were identificated only for direct microscopy. The direct microscopic showed more sensibility compared with the culture, being superior in 19.5% of the total sample and maintaining agreement with the culture in 71.5% of the sample.

O eritema elevatum diutinum é vasculite cutânea rara. Caracteriza-se por pápulas e nódulos eritêmato-acastanhados, que podem coalescer formando placas. A região extensora dos membros é a mais acometida, e lesões antigas apresentam aspecto xantomatoso. O exame histopatológico apresenta infiltrado neutrofílico perivascular com depósito dérmico de fibrina, edema endotelial e leucocitoclasia. Apresenta-se um caso de eritema elevatum diutinum sem doença secundária associada.

Erythema elevatum diutinum is a rare presentation of cutaneous vasculitis. Typical lesions are papules, plaques, and nodules that may coalesce and later turn to yellow-brown color. The extensor surface of the extremities is the most involved area and older lesions may present xanthomatous appearance. Light microscopy of acute lesions shows neutrophilic, perivascular infiltrate with dermal fibrin deposits, endothelial expansion, and leukocytoclasis. We present a case of erythema elevatum diutinum without associated disease.

A síndrome de Netherton é doença cutânea autossômica recessiva caracterizada por eritrodermia congênita, anormalidade específica dos pêlos denominada tricorrexe invaginada e manifestações atópicas. Os autores relatam acompanhamento de mais de 20 anos de paciente com essa doença e a melhora importante do cabelo com o uso de Acitretina.

Netherton's syndrome is a recessive autosomal skin disease, characterized by congenital erythroderma, hair anomalies such as trichorrhexis invaginata, and atopic manifestations. The case of a female patient with a 20-year follow-up is described, with an important improvement of hair alterations after use of oral acitretine.

Feo-hifomicose causada por Veronaea bothryosa é muito rara. Os autores relatam dois casos, que acreditam ser o primeiro e o segundo no continente americano, mas quarto e quinto da literatura mundial, até o momento. Trata-se de dois pacientes, um transplantado renal e outro imunossuprimido não transplantado. Ambos apresentavam lesões no dorso do pé após trauma. O primeiro respondeu moderadamente ao tratamento com itraconazol, e o segundo respondeu muito bem à excisão cirúrgica.

Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Veronaea bothryosa is very rare. We report two cases. To our knowledge, these are the first and second cases to be reported on the American continent, and fourth and fifth cases in the world literature. We report one case in a kidney transplant recipient, and another case in an immunosuppressed non-transplant patient. Both patients presented with a lesion on the dorsal aspect of the foot, following trauma. One patient responded moderately well to treatment with itraconazole. The other responded well to a surgical excision.

No Brasil, a paracoccidioidomicose é doença endêmica que pode afetar diversos órgãos, sendo pouco comum o envolvimento da região ocular. Nessa forma, é freqüente o acometimento de conjuntivas e pálpebras, configurando-se em afecção importante a considerar no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões da região orbitária. Mesmo nas formas localizadas deve ser feita a avaliação sistêmica, uma vez que a ocorrência da paracoccidioidomicose na região ocular pode ser parte de doença multifocal. Relatam-se dois casos de paracoccidioidomicose da região ocular e faz-se uma revisão dos 55 casos descritos na literatura até o momento.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease in Brazil that commonly affects multiple organs, although ocular involvement is rare. The ocular form of this disease affects predominantly the eyelids and conjunctiva, highlighting the importance for dermatologists to consider this disease in the differential diagnosis for lesions within the orbital area. Even with localized forms of the disease, a complete systemic examination should be done bearing in mind that the exclusive ocular form of paracoccidioidomycosis can frequently hide a multi-systemic disease. We describe two cases of the ocular form of paracoccidioidomycosis with a revision of 55 cases described in the literature.

FUNDAMENTOS: Nos pacientes transplantados renais, a imunossupressão crônica acarreta maior suscetibilidade às dermatoses infecciosas. OBJETIVOS: avaliar a freqüência de dermatoses infecciosas em 208 pacientes transplantados renais no período de 12 meses e verificar a relação entre sua ocorrência e o período de tempo transcorrido desde o transplante. MÉTODO: 208 transplantados renais de uma população de 720 pacientes foram submetidos a exame dermatológico no período de um ano, tendo sido realizados exames anatomopatológico micológico, bacteriológico e/ou cultural das lesões suspeitas. RESULTADOS: a freqüência de dermatoses infecciosas nessa população foi de 89,4%. As infecções fúngicas, virais, bacterianas e parasitárias mais freqüentes foram pitiríase versicolor (17,8%), verruga vulgar (32,2%), foliculite (4,3%) e escabiose (3,8%). CONCLUSÃO: as dermatoses infecciosas são freqüentes nos pacientes transplantados renais, e sua ocorrência aumenta progressivamente conforme o tempo transcorrido a partir do transplante, sendo importante o acompanhamento dermatológico desses pacientes.

BACKGROUND: Chronic immunosuppressive therapy predisposes renal transplant recipients to a heightened susceptibility to infectious dermatoses. OBJECTIVES: evaluate the frequency of infectious dermatoses in 208 renal transplant recipients over a 12-month period and verify the relation between the onset of dermatoses and the time elapsed since transplantation. METHOD: 208 renal transplant recipients, taken from a population of 720 transplant recipients, received a dermatological examination for a year. Dermatopathological examination, mycological examination, bacteriologic examination, and cultures were taken from suspected lesions. RESULTS: the prevalence of infectious dermatosis was 89.4% in this population. The more frequent fungal, viral and bacterial infections were respectively pitiyriasis versicolor (17.8%), warts (32.2%), and folliculitis (4.3%). CONCLUSION: infectious dermatoses are common in renal transplant recipients. Their occurrence is progressively higher as time passes after the transplantation, therefore making the frequent dermatological examination of these recipients very important.

Os autores descrevem um caso de doença de Cowden ou síndrome dos hamartomas múltiplos. Doença de transmissão autossômica dominante cuja tríade dermatológica clássica compõe-se de tricolemomas faciais múltiplos (hamartomas do infundíbulo folicular), fibromas orais e queratoses acrais benignas. Afeta múltiplos órgãos e é associada a várias neoplasias, tais como de mamas, tireóide, cólon e outras. Os autores apresentam um caso de paciente do sexo feminino em cujo exame físico notaram-se pápulas cor da pele na face, lesões papulosas na cavidade oral, mucosa jugal, língua plicata e hiperceratose palmoplantar puntata bilateral. História patológica pregressa de tireoidectomia subtotal por adenoma folicular.

A case of Cowden's disease or Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome is reported. The disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, the classic dermatological features of which are multiple facial trichilemmomas (hamartomas of the follicular infundibula), oral fibroma and benign acral keratosis. Multiple organs are affected and it is associated with mama, thyroid and colon malignant neoplasms. We present a young woman with skin-colored flat-topped papules in the central facial area, papular gingival and palatal lesions, fissured tongue, palmoplantar keratoses and prior history of subtotal thyroidectomy.