Resumen El cultivo de higo se ha introducido como una alternativa frutícola potencial en nuestro país. Sin embargo, existe poca información referente al manejo eficiente del cultivo de higo, como el coeficiente del cultivo, el cuál es de gran importancia para la programación del riego eficiente; a través, de láminas de riego que proporcionen al cultivo el requerimiento de agua para su producción. A través, de imágenes de satélite, el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada y el coeficiente del cultivo de referencia, se determinó una ecuación de coeficiente del cultivo para el cultivo de higo con facultad de aportar información técnica para los programas de riego.

Abstract The fig crop has been introduced as a potential fruit alternative in our country. Nevertheless, there is little information regarding the efficient management of the fig crop, such as the crop coefficient, which is of great importance for the programming of efficient irrigation; through irrigation sheets that provide the crop with the water requirement for its production. Through satellite images, the normalized difference vegetation index, and the reference crop coefficient, an equation of the crop coefficient was determined for the fig crop with the power to provide technical information for irrigation programs.

Abstract: This study presents the validation and optimization of an audiometry simulator for phonoaudiology students (SAEF v.1), which is a software designed to develop procedural audiometry skills. Student learning autonomy to conduct this exam is challenging due to the high equipment costs, especially in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Users and experts validate the simulator and determine the information technology acceptance, the correct procedure of the audiometric exam emulated by the simulator, the feedback granted, the compliance with learning outcomes, among others. As a result, users showed high acceptability of the software and highlighted that its creation complies with the standards of emulation of the audiometry procedure according to international standard. It is concluded that the new SAEF v.2 provides functional and interface improvements to deliver a greater similarity between the simulated and the real instrument.

Resumen: Este trabajo presenta la validación y optimización del simulador de audiometría para estudiantes de fonoaudiología (SAEF v.1), software diseñado para desarrollar habilidades procedimentales de audiometría. El aprendizaje de este examen y la autonomía de los estudiantes se ve limitada por el alto costo de los equipos utilizados, más aún en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19. Se realizó la validación por parte de usuarios y expertos del área, quienes determinaron la aceptación de la tecnología de la información, el correcto procedimiento del examen audiométrico emulado por el simulador, la retroalimentación otorgada y el cumplimiento de resultados de aprendizaje. Como resultado, los usuarios han valorado con una importante aceptabilidad el uso de este software, destacando, además, que su creación cumple con los estándares de emulación de procedimiento de audiometría según norma internacional. Se concluye que la nueva versión SAEF v.2 proporciona mejora funcionales y de interfaz para entregar mayor similitud respecto al instrumento real.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la proporción de Salmonella enterica en muestras fecales de cerdos vivos con presunta salmonelosis analizadas en la unidad de diagnóstico de la Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) entre el 2019 y el 2021, así como examinar los serotipos y los patrones de resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Métodos. Se trata de un estudio transversal de laboratorio sobre datos ordinarios de muestras fecales provenientes de granjas porcinas de las nueve subregiones del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). La detección de Salmonella spp. en la universidad se realiza mediante el enriquecimiento, el cultivo selectivo y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Se identificaron los serotipos con el esquema de Kauffmann-White y se examinaron las cepas aisladas para determinar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana mediante microdilución en caldo. Resultados. De las 653 muestras analizadas, 149 (23%) dieron un resultado positivo para S. enterica. Se identificaron nueve serotipos. Los más comunes fueron Salmonella typhimurium (56%) y su variante monofásica (35%). La resistencia a la ampicilina fue la observada con mayor frecuencia (70%), seguida de la resistencia al ciprofloxacino (55%) y al sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima (52%). Ninguna cepa aislada fue resistente a la amikacina y la gentamicina. Se observó resistencia a múltiples fármacos (resistencia a tres o más clases de antibióticos) en 61 cepas (44%). La resistencia a múltiples fármacos fue más elevada en el caso de S. typhimurium (57%) en comparación con los otros serotipos. Se asoció el serotipo con la resistencia a múltiples fármacos (p = 0,01), a diferencia de la edad del cerdo y la subregión. Conclusiones. La proporción de Salmonella spp. y los elevados niveles asociados de resistencia a múltiples fármacos son preocupantes y pueden ser un indicativo de uso irracional de antimicrobianos y malas prácticas de gestión en los sistemas de producción porcina de la región. Es necesario reforzar la vigilancia para dar seguimiento y mejorar las prácticas de gestión agropecuaria y el uso de antimicrobianos en las granjas en Colombia.

RESUMO Objetivos. Determinar a proporção de Salmonella enterica em amostras de fezes de suínos vivos com suspeita de salmonelose analisadas na unidade de diagnóstico da Universidade de Antioquia, Colômbia, entre 2019 e 2021, e examinar seus sorotipos e padrões de resistência a antimicrobianos. Métodos. Estudo transversal, de base laboratorial, utilizando dados de rotina de amostras de fezes recebidas de suinocultores em todas as nove sub-regiões do estado de Antioquia, Colômbia. A detecção de Salmonella spp. na Universidade é feita por enriquecimento, cultura seletiva e reação em cadeia da polimerase. Os sorotipos foram identificados usando o esquema de Kauffmann-White, e os isolados foram testados quanto à suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Resultados. Das 653 amostras testadas, 149 (23%) foram positivas para S. enterica. Foram identificados nove sorotipos. Os mais comuns foram Salmonella Typhimurium (56%) e sua variante monofásica (35%). A resistência à ampicilina (70%) foi observada com maior frequência, seguida pela resistência ao ciprofloxacino (55%) e ao sulfametoxazol/trimetoprima (52%). Nenhum isolado apresentou resistência à amicacina ou gentamicina. Multirresistência (resistência a ≥ 3 classes de antibióticos) foi observada em 61 isolados (44%). A multirresistência foi mais comum em S. Typhimurium (57%), em comparação aos outros sorotipos. Foi constatada associação da multirresistência com sorotipos (p = 0,01), mas não com idade do suíno ou sub-região. Conclusões. A proporção de Salmonella spp. e os níveis elevados associados de multirresistência a antimicrobianos aqui constatados são preocupantes, e podem indicar uso irracional de antimicrobianos e práticas inadequadas de manejo nos sistemas de suinocultura da região. É preciso fortalecer a vigilância para monitorar e melhorar as práticas de manejo agrícola e o uso de antimicrobianos em fazendas na Colômbia.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the proportion of Salmonella enterica in fecal samples of live pigs with suspected salmonellosis analyzed at the diagnostic unit of the University of Antioquia, Colombia between 2019 and 2021, and examine the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Methods. This was a laboratory-based cross-sectional study of routine data on fecal samples received from pig farms in all nine subregions of Antioquia state, Colombia. Salmonella spp. detection at the university is done using enrichment, selective culture, and polymerase chain reaction. Serotypes were identified using the Kauffmann–White scheme and isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using broth microdilution. Results. Of 653 samples tested, 149 (23%) were positive for S. enterica. Nine serotypes were identified. The most common were Salmonella Typhimurium (56%) and its monophasic variant (35%). Resistance to ampicillin (70%) was most frequently observed, followed by ciprofloxacin (55%), and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim (52%). No isolates were resistant to amikacin and gentamicin. Multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥ 3 classes of antibiotics) was observed in 61 (44%) isolates. Multidrug resistance was highest in S. Typhimurium (57%) compared with the other serotypes. Serotype was associated with multidrug resistance (p = 0.01), but age of the pig and sub-region were not. Conclusions. The proportion of Salmonella spp. and the associated high levels of multidrug resistance are of concern and may indicate irrational use of antimicrobials and poor management practices in pig production systems in the region. Strengthened surveillance is needed to monitor and improve farm management practices and the use of antimicrobials in farms in Colombia.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades do alho como promotor de crescimento em larvas de acará bandeira Pterophyllum scalare e seus benefícios no transporte de juvenis da mesma espécie. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de recirculação composto por 20 aquários de 40 L de volume útil, dotado de entrada e saída de água independentes e teve a duração de 40 dias. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. Foram utilizadas 1.400 larvas de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare) divididas entre os tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg de extrato de alho por quilo de ração. Os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de inclusão do extrato do alho sobre os índices zootécnicos avaliados e posteriormente no transporte dos juvenis. Também não foi observado influência na sobrevivência das larvas durante o período experimental. Novas pesquisas com dosagens maiores de extratos devem ser realizados para melhor elucidação do efeito do extrato de alho como promotor de crescimento.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of garlic as a growth promoter in larvae of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and its benefits during transport of juveniles of this species. The experiment was conducted in recirculation aquaculture system, consisting of 20 tanks of 40 L equipped with independent water input and output. We used 1,400 larvae distributed among five treatments, with four repetitions, which totaled 20 experimental units. The treatments were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg of garlic extract per kilo of feed. The results showed that the inclusion of levels of garlic extract in the feed did not significantly effect the fish’s development or their transport. Neither did the inclusion of levels of garlic extract affect the survival of the larvae during the trial period. New research with extracts of higher dosages should be performed to elucidate the effect of garlic extract as a growth promoter.

Abstract Mutisia L. f. (Mutisiinae, Mutisieae, Mutisioideae, Asteraceae) is a South American genus that contains several medicinal species. Mutisia acuminata Ruiz & Pav. and M. orbignyana Wedd. are known sources of the 12-dihydroxy-5-methylcoumestan and 5-methylcoumarin-4-glucoside respectively. The 12-dihydroxy-5-methylcoumestan exhibited notable antihepatotoxic activity in a previous study. In the present work, 5-methylcoumarin-4-glucoside and 12-dihydroxy-5-methylcoumestan were isolated from a Peruvian collection of M. orbignyana. Additionally, the relative concentrations of those two isolated compounds in six Peruvian species of Mutisia (M. acuminata, M. cochabambensis Hieron., M. lanata Ruiz & Pav., M. orbignyana, M. venusta S.F. Blake and M. wurdackii Cabrera) were determined by an HPLC method. The highest concentrations of both constituents were observed in the sample of M. orbignyana.

Abstract Background Crop tolerance to herbicides and the effectiveness of weed control are key considerations of a chemical management program. Crop tolerance levels and the mechanism involved is of great importance in ensuring the safe use of an herbicide. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of mefenpyr-diethyl as a safener and metabolic inhibitor (organophosphorus insecticides) on the penoxsulam tolerance of white oat cultivars. Methods We determined the relative tolerance (%) of URS Guará and URS Guria white oat cultivars to different doses of penoxsulam with and without prior application of organophosphorus metabolic inhibitors (malathion + chlorpyrifos). We then determined the relative tolerance (%) of the white oat cultivar URS Guria with and without prior application of a protective metabolization stimulator (mefenpyr-diethyl). Results Increased penoxsulam doses resulted in lower relative tolerance of both cultivars. The application of organophosphorus insecticides reduced the penoxsulam tolerance of white oat cultivars, with a 14.4 and 4.8 fold reduction of C50 in the URS Guará and URS Guria cultivars, respectively. The use of mefenpyr-diethyl increased the penoxsulam tolerance of URS Guria by a factor of 2.62. Conclusions The penoxsulam tolerance of white oat cultivars was reduced by organophosphorus insecticides and increased by mefenpyr-diethyl. Metabolization is the likely mechanism of tolerance of white oats to this herbicide.

Abstract Goldfish or Kinguio is a widely marketed species worldwide due to the ornamental market. There is some lack of acknowledgment of the production of the species under specific climatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of temperature on embryonic development and the first exogenous feeding of goldfish, an experiment was proposed. Fifteen incubators, organized in five treatments (18, 22, 26, 30, and 34 °C) with three replications each, were used to keep the fertilized goldfish eggs until the first exogenous feeding of the larvae. The main development events were observed to understand the possible effects of these temperatures on embryos and larvae of the species. Temperature influences embryo development and the time of first exogenous feeding of goldfish. The temperature of 34 °C was lethal to the species causing 100% of anomalies in the embryos and larvae. The experiment data allow us to conclude that the species presents a maximum thermal limit during embryogenesis, and these data are important to the aquaculture industry and to understand the effect of climate changes on goldfish. The data obtained in this experiment will assist in the management of invasive species and production of the species (aquaculture).

Resumo O peixe dourado ou Kinguio é uma espécie amplamente comercializada em todo o mundo devido ao mercado ornamental. Existe alguma falta de conhecimento da produção da espécie em condições climáticas específicas. Para avaliar o efeito da temperatura no desenvolvimento embrionário e na primeira alimentação exógena do Kinguio, um experimento foi proposto. Quinze incubadoras, organizadas em cinco tratamentos (18, 22, 26, 30 e 34 °C) com três repetições cada, foram utilizadas para manter os ovos fertilizados de Kinguio até a primeira alimentação exógena das larvas. Os principais eventos do desenvolvimento foram observados para entender os possíveis efeitos dessas temperaturas em embriões e larvas da espécie. A temperatura influencia o desenvolvimento do embrião e o tempo da primeira alimentação exógena do Kinguio. A temperatura de 34°C foi letal para a espécie causando 100% de anomalias nos embriões e larvas. Os dados do experimento permitem concluir que a espécie apresenta um limite térmico máximo durante a embriogênese, sendo esses dados importantes para a indústria da aquicultura e para entender o efeito das mudanças climáticas no Kinguio. Os dados obtidos neste experimento auxiliarão no manejo de espécies invasoras e na produção da espécie (aquicultura).

Abstract This study presents the first complete mitogenome of the Brazilian Atlantic bushmaster Lachesis with insights into snake evolution. The total length was 17,177 bp, consisting of 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs and a duplicate control region (CRs). Almost all genes were encoded by the heavy-strand, except for the ND6 gene and eight tRNAs (tRNA-Gln, Ala, Asn, Cys, Tyr, Ser[TGA anticodon], Glu, Pro). Only ATG, ATA, and ATC were starting codons for protein-coding sequences. Stop codons mainly were TAA, AGA, AGG, and TAG; whereas ND1, ND3, and CYTB terminated with incomplete stop codons. Phylogeny retrieved Lachesis within the Crotalinae as the sister group of Agkistrodon; and the Lachesis+Agkistrodon clade as the sister group of (Sistrurus+Crotalus)+Bothrops. The tree supports Crotalinae, Viperinae, and Azemiopinae in the Viperidae family, being sister taxa of Colubridae+(Elapidae+Psammophiidae). The mean genetic distance across 15 snake families and 57 nucleotide sequences was 0.37. The overall mean value of genetic distance across the Crotalinae was 0.23, with Lachesis muta exhibiting the shortest distance of 0.2 with Agkistrodon piscivorus, Protobothrops dabieshanensis and P. flavoviridis and the greatest 0.25 with Gloydius blomhoffii, Trimeresurus albolabris, S. miliarius, and Deinagkistrodon acutus. The complete Atlantic L. muta mitogenome presented herein is only the third annotated mitogenome from more than 430 described Brazilian snake species.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue describir la percepción sobre las vacunas y el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas hacia la COVID-19 en adultos mayores que acuden a un hospital en Lima, Perú. Estudio descriptivo y transversal de marzo a noviembre del 2021. Se adaptó y validó un instrumento para medir el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas, y se evaluó la percepción sobre vacunas con un cuestionario exploratorio. Se encuestaron a 83 adultos mayores, la media de edad fue 74,0 años y el 62,7% fueron mujeres. La mayoría conoce la causa y síntomas, y el 50,6% cree que puede transmitirse por alimentos contaminados. El 61,7% usa medicina tradicional para prevenirla, y el 65,4% considera insuficiente el nivel de conciencia social. El 91,5% se vacunó contra la COVID-19, y el 65,4% considera que estas vacunas son seguras. En conclusión, la mayoría de los adultos mayores presenta un alto nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas y una percepción positiva sobre la vacuna contra la COVID-19.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the perception about vaccines and the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 in older adults from a hospital in Lima, Peru. Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out from March to November 2021. An instrument was adapted and validated to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices; the perception about vaccines was evaluated with an exploratory questionnaire. Eighty-three older adults were surveyed, the mean age was 74.0 years and 62.7% were women. Most of the participants knew the cause and symptoms, and 50.6% believed that it could be transmitted by contaminated food. Additionally, 61.7% used traditional medicine to prevent it, and 65.4% considered that the level of social awareness was insufficient; 91.5% were vaccinated against COVID-19, and 65.4% considered these vaccines to be safe. In conclusion, most older adults showed a high level of knowledge, attitudes and practices and a positive perception about the vaccine against COVID-19.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the perception about vaccines and the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 in older adults from a hospital in Lima, Peru. Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out from March to November 2021. An instrument was adapted and validated to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices; the perception about vaccines was evaluated with an exploratory questionnaire. Eighty-three older adults were surveyed, the mean age was 74.0 years and 62.7% were women. Most of the participants knew the cause and symptoms, and 50.6% believed that it could be transmitted by contaminated food. Additionally, 61.7% used traditional medicine to prevent it, and 65.4% considered that the level of social awareness was insufficient; 91.5% were vaccinated against COVID-19, and 65.4% considered these vaccines to be safe. In conclusion, most older adults showed a high level of knowledge, attitudes and practices and a positive perception about the vaccine against COVID-19.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue describir la percepción sobre las vacunas y el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas hacia la COVID-19 en adultos mayores que acuden a un hospital en Lima, Perú. Estudio descriptivo y transversal de marzo a noviembre del 2021. Se adaptó y validó un instrumento para medir el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas, y se evaluó la percepción sobre vacunas con un cuestionario exploratorio. Se encuestaron a 83 adultos mayores, la media de edad fue 74,0 años y el 62,7% fueron mujeres. La mayoría conoce la causa y síntomas, y el 50,6% cree que puede transmitirse por alimentos contaminados. El 61,7% usa medicina tradicional para prevenirla, y el 65,4% considera insuficiente el nivel de conciencia social. El 91,5% se vacunó contra la COVID-19, y el 65,4% considera que estas vacunas son seguras. En conclusión, la mayoría de los adultos mayores presenta un alto nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas y una percepción positiva sobre la vacuna contra la COVID-19.

Abstract In the present research, the participation of the phenology of the Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and Italian lemon (Citrus limon L. Burn f.) crops in the seasonal abundance of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama was determined. The study was carried out during the years 2015 to 2018 in three regional control areas (ARCOs), located in the municipalities of Padilla, El Barretal, El Carmen, Estación Santa Engracia, Güémez and Victoria, Tamaulipas. In these areas, the abundance of D. citri in each phenological phase of the orange crop (ARCO 1 and 2) and lemon (ARCO 3) was recorded. The Italian lemon crop produced shoots all year round. Meanwhile, the Valencia orange crop presented a phase of dormancy. In the four years, the seasonal abundance of D. citri behaved differently in the three ARCOs. The greatest abundance of the insect occurred in the phase of shoot production in trees. The result obtained in the present work could be used to define the period of application of the insecticides recommended for the control of D. citri in the ARCOs.

Resumen En la presente investigación se determinó la participación de la fenología del cultivo de naranja valencia (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) y limón italiano (Citrus limon L. Burn f.) en la abundancia estacional de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. El estudio se realizó durante los años 2015 al 2018 en tres áreas regionales de control (ARCO’S), ubicadas en los municipios de Padilla, El Barretal, El Carmen, Estación Santa Engracia, Güémez y Victoria, Tamaulipas. En estas áreas se registró la abundancia de D. citri en cada fase fenológica del cultivo de naranja (ARCO 1 y 2) y limón (ARCO 3). El cultivo de limón italiano produjo brotes todo el año. Mientras que, el cultivo de naranja valencia presentó una fase de dormancia. En los cuatro años la abundancia estacional de D. citri se comportó de manera diferente en los tres ARCO’S. La mayor abundancia del insecto se presentó en la fase de producción de brotación en los árboles. El resultado obtenido en el presente trabajo podría servir para definir el periodo de aplicación de los insecticidas recomendados para el control de D. citri en los ARCOS.

Resumo Três experimentos foram realizados com diferentes tamanhos de partícula de ração para o desempenho zootécnico, taxa de aprovação e digestibilidade aparente de tambaqui juvenil (Colossoma macropomum). No primeiro, foram utilizados 200 juvenis e distribuídos em 20 tanques (220 L), 10 peixes por unidade (quatro repetições). O sistema experimental utilizado para registrar o tempo de passagem foi composto por cinco incubadoras com 200 L. No segundo, 75 juvenis foram utilizados por 55 dias (três repetições). No terceiro, 75 juvenis foram utilizados e distribuídos em cinco incubadoras de 200 L. Todos os experimentos foram realizados aleatoriamente. Diferentes tratamentos de comportamento linear foram observados para digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta; e o menor tamanho de partícula (150 μm) apresentou melhor digestibilidade dos resultados. menor tamanho de partícula do milho apresentou melhores resultados, afetou o desempenho de crescimento de tambaquis e a digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso de um tamanho de partícula de 150 μm de milho para o tambaqui.

Abstract Three experiments were done with different particle sizes of corn feed on its zootechnical performance, passing rate and apparent digestibility of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In the first, 200 juveniles were used and distributed in 20 tanks (220 L), 10 fish per unit (four replicates). The experimental system used to record passage time was composed of five incubators with 200 L. In the second, 75 juveniles were used per 55 days (three replications). In the third, 75 juveniles were used and distributed in five incubators of 200 L. All experiments were performed randomly. Different linear behavior treatments were observed for apparent digestibility of crude protein; and the smaller particle size (150 μm) had better results digestibility. smaller particle size of the corn had better results, affected the growth performance of tambaqui and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract. Thus, is recommended that a particle size of 150 μm of corn be used for tambaqui.

Abstract: This study presents the experience of using Arduino and the platform Tinkercard for developing programming competencies in first-year students at the Continental University of Huancayo (Peru). The study is conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic by using a simulator. The development of programming competencies is a fundamental and essential milestone for students enrolled in systems engineering, information science, computer science, and informatics degrees. For students, it is challenging to work with programming languages that require compliance with complex syntactic and semantic rules. The results show and demonstrate a positive impact on the development of students' skills when compared to previous courses. Development of basic skills is observed on digital circuits and computational electronics. It is concluded that students are highly comfortable with Arduino and Tinkercard, even though, due to the pandemic, the experiments are not performed physically.

Resumen: Este estudio presenta la experiencia del uso de Arduino y la plataforma Tinkercad para el desarrollo de competencias de programación en estudiantes de primer año en la Universidad Continental de Huancayo (Perú). El estudio es desarrollado en línea durante tiempos de la pandemia COVID-19 con uso de un simulador. El desarrollo de competencias de programación es un hito fundamental y esencial para estudiantes de carreras de ingeniería de sistemas, ciencias de la información, computación e informática. Para los estudiantes, resulta complejo trabajar con lenguajes de programación que requieren el cumplimiento de reglas tanto sintácticas y semánticas complejas. Los resultados demuestran un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de competencias de los estudiantes respecto a cursos previos, además de desarrollar competencias básicas del área de circuitos digitales y electrónica computacional. Se concluye que los estudiantes se sienten muy cómodos con el uso de Arduino y Tinkercad, aun cuando por la pandemia, los experimentos no fueron desarrollados de forma física.

Abstract Selenium (Se) is an essential oligo-element for human health and in plants is considered a beneficial element, as it is a growth promoter and a trigger for the antioxidant response in plants. Biofortification with Se aims to obtain foods rich in this oligo-element, of high nutritional quality that help combat the problems of malnutrition in the population. The present work aims to evaluate the ability of selenate (Na2SeO4) on yield, biosynthesis of bioactive compounds and their accumulation in chili fruits. For this, five treatments were applied via nutrient solution: 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 mg L-1. At harvest, nutraceutical quality, accumulation of Se in fruits, as well as crop yield were quantified. Biofortification with Se positively modified the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds and their concentration in fruit, without a decrease in yield. The incorporation of Se in the nutrient solution is an option to obtain functional foods with nutraceutical quality and with the possibility of improving public health after consumption.

Resumen El selenio (Se) es un oligoelemento esencial para la salud humana y en las plantas es considerado un elemento benéfico, al ser un promotor del crecimiento y un detonador de la respuesta antioxidante en las plantas. La biofortificación con Se, tiene como objetivo obtener alimentos ricos en este oligoelemento, de alta calidad nutricional que ayuden a combatir los problemas de desnutrición en la población. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la capacidad del selenato (Na2SeO4) sobre el rendimiento, biosíntesis de compuestos bioactivos y su acumulación en frutos de chile. Para ello cinco tratamientos fueron aplicados vía solución nutritiva: 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 y 6 mg L-1. En la cosecha, se cuantificó la calidad nutracéutica, la acumulación de Se en frutos, así como el rendimiento del cultivo. La biofortificación con Se modificó positivamente la biosíntesis de compuestos bioactivos y su concentración en fruto, sin disminución en el rendimiento. La incorporación de Se en la solución nutritiva es una opción para obtener alimentos funcionales con una calidad nutracéutica y con la posibilidad de mejorar la salud pública tras su consumo.

Abstract: This work presents the academic experience, both for teachers and students enrolled in a last year course, in developing web information systems by using the Django framework of the Python programming language. Django facilitates developing web applications by using the Model-Template-View (MTV) development pattern. Due to the syntactic and practical simplicity of Python and Django, students enrolled in the management and information science degree are able to develop prototypes of information systems. The students' experiences allow highlighting the relevance of the initial phases of software development cycle, requirements, and design. The projects presented here are prototype web systems with operations to create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) records from a database. It is concluded that Python is an adequate programing language because of its ease and rapid mastering.

Resumen: Este trabajo presenta la experiencia académica, tanto de profesores como estudiantes, en un curso de último año para el desarrollo de sistemas de información web mediante el uso del marco de trabajo Django del lenguaje de programación Python. Django facilita el desarrollo de aplicaciones web con el uso del patrón de desarrollo Modelo-Plantilla-Vista (MTV, en inglés). Por la simplicidad sintáctica y práctica de Python y Django, los estudiantes de una carrera del área de administración y ciencias de la información fueron capaces de desarrollar prototipos de sistemas de información. Las experiencias de los estudiantes permiten remarcar la relevancia de las primeras fases del ciclo de desarrollo de software, requerimientos y diseño. Los proyectos que se presentan son sistemas web prototipo con operaciones para crear, leer, actualizar y eliminar (CRUD, en inglés) registros de la base de datos. Se concluye que Python es un lenguaje de programación adecuado para un fácil y rápido dominio.