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Abstract The aim is to analyze the trend in breast cancer mortality rates and its correlation with the socioeconomic development status in Brazil. It involved an ecological time series study carried out in the 26 units of the federation, Federal District and regions of Brazil. Data sources included the Mortality Information System (number of deaths), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (resident population) and the study of the Global Burden of Disease (Socio-demographic Index - SDI). Data from 2005 to 2019 were used. The trend was analyzed using Prais-Winsten regression models. The relationship between the mortality rate and the SDI was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. During the study period, 207,683 deaths from breast cancer occurred. The average standardized mortality rate was 19.95 deaths per 100,000 women in Brazil. All the regions of Brazil showed an increasing trend in mortality. Of the total federative units, 22 showed an increasing trend. There was a positive relationship between the mortality rate and the SDI. The standardized mortality rate for breast cancer showed an increasing trend in Brazil, in all regions and in most states. There was a direct association between mortality and SDI, indicating a greater magnitude in more developed regions.

Resumo O objetivo é analisar a tendência da taxa de mortalidade por câncer de mama e sua correlação com o status de desenvolvimento socioeconômico no Brasil. Estudo ecológico de séries temporais realizado nos 26 estados, Distrito Federal e regiões do Brasil. As fontes de dados foram o Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (número de óbitos), o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (população residente) e o estudo da Carga Global de Doenças (socio-demographic index - SDI). Foram usados dados de 2005 a 2019. A tendência foi analisada pelos modelos de regressão de Prais-Winsten. A relação entre a taxa de mortalidade e o SDI foi analisada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. No período do estudo ocorrerem 207.683 óbitos por câncer de mama. A taxa padronizada de mortalidade média foi de 19,95 óbitos por 100.000 mulheres no Brasil. O Brasil e todas as regiões apresentaram tendência crescente da mortalidade. Do total de estados, 22 apresentaram tendência crescente. Verificou-se relação positiva entre a taxa de mortalidade e o SDI. A taxa de mortalidade padronizada por câncer de mama apresentou tendência crescente no Brasil, em todas as regiões e na maioria das unidades da federação. Verificou-se associação direta entre mortalidade e SDI, indicando maior magnitude em regiões mais desenvolvidas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024293.01712023

Biometriy of Seeds of Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex. S. Moore and Seedling Growth After Different Periods of Water Immersion
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Almeida, Romário de Sousa

; Moura, Luzia Batista

; Araújo, Maria Pereira de

; Gomes, Azenate Campos

; Medeiros, José George Ferreira

; Dornelas, Carina Seixas Maia

; Lacerda, Alecksandra Vieira de

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2023, Volumen 66 elocation e23220697

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study aimed to determine the biometric characteristics of seeds of Tabebuia aurea and evaluate the effect of different periods of water immersion on the initial growth of seedlings. For this, the following dimensions were analyzed: length, width, and thickness of seeds with lateral wings and embryo. The moisture content, weight of a thousand seeds, and the number of seeds per kilogram were determined. The seeds were subjected to 11 treatments, as follow: control (no immersion in water; 0 hours) and periods of water immersion for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 hours, with four replications of 25 seeds in each treatment. The aerial part and seedling root lengths were analyzed 30 days after sowing. The water content was 9.81% and the weight of a thousand seeds was 130.260 g, corresponding to about 7,677 seeds/kg. The seeds with lateral wings had mean length, width, and thickness of 5.252, 1.226, and 0.147 cm, respectively. For the embryo, these dimensions corresponded to 1.355, 0.805, and 0.103 cm. Regarding the aerial part and root length of T. aurea seedlings, immersion for 48 hours is recommended because this treatment had the best results.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023220697

Threonine-to-lysine ratio in laying hens: physiological parameters and organ weight
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Costa, José Henrique Souza

; Saraiva, Edilson Paes

; Santos, Luana de Fátima Damasceno dos

; Neves, Romildo da Silva

; Nascimento, George Vieira do

; Miranda, Jaciara Ribeiro

; Ribeiro, Neila Lidiany

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences

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2023, Volumen 45 elocation e58218

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of threonine:digestible lysine ratio in the diet on the physiological variables and weight of organs of light laying hens. Two hundred and ten 47 week-old Dekalb White laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five levels of threonine (0.507; 0.552; 0.597; 0.642 and 0.677%) and seven replicates of six birds each. The experimental period was 10 weeks, totaling 62 days and more eight days for the animals to adapt. The physiological parameters of cloacal temperature (CT), respiratory rate (RR) and average surface temperature (AST) were recorded weekly (7:00 am, 10:00 am, 1:00 pm, 4:00 pm, and 7:00 pm); after solid and water fasting, the birds were slaughtered to assess the absolute weight of the organs. The time of day influenced (p < 0.05) the physiological parameters RR and AST, and CT showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of increasing levels of digestible threonine. The total weight of the pancreas, proventriculus and lung showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of the increase in the levels of digestible threonine. The respiratory rate is affected by the levels of threonine in the diet. The 0.687% level promoted hypertrophy of the pancreas, proventriculus and lung, promoting more significant activity of these organs.

https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v45i1.58218

Thermal variations of the active layer in Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica
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ANDRADE, ANDRÉ M. DE

; MICHEL, ROBERTO F.M.

; BREMER, ULISSES FRANZ

; LIMA NETO, ELIAS DE

; VIEIRA, GONÇALO BRITO T.G.

; SCHAEFER, CARLOS ERNESTO G.R.

; SIMÕES, JEFFERSON C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volumen 95 Supl. 3 elocation e20230181

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This work aimed to characterize the variation in the thermal regime of the active layer in a permafrost area on Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, and relate this variability with meteorological data between 2014 and 2016. The monitoring site was installed to continuously monitor the temperature and moisture of the active layer, radiation flow on the surface, and air temperature. We used data collected to generate the indexes freezing degree-days, thawing degree-days, frost number, n-factor, apparent thermal diffusivity, and active layer thickness. The temperature of the active layer is not homogeneous, varying with depth and position in the transect, with the greatest variations in soil with better drainage and lower moisture content. Among the evaluated factors, air and soil surface temperature are the ones that most influence the thermal gradient of the active layer. We identified that near the surface there is a greater influence of albedo and cloudiness and at -35 cm depth there is a greater influence of net radiation and soil moisture. The average depth of the active layer in 2014 was -44.3 cm and in 2015 -47.7 cm and the frost number index indicates that there was a predominance of continuous permafrost in the transect during the monitoring.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230181

Glacier fluctuations and a proglacial evolution in King George Bay (King George Island), Antarctica, since 1980 decade
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ROSA, KÁTIA K. DA

; PERONDI, CLEIVA

; LORENZ, JÚLIA L.

; AUGER, JEFFREY D.

; CAZAROTO, PAMELA

; PETSCH, CARINA

; SIQUEIRA, RAFAEL G.

; SIMÕES, JEFFERSON C.

; VIEIRA, ROSEMARY

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volumen 95 Supl. 3 elocation e20230624

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study aims to investigate the glacier shrinkage and recent proglacial environment in King George Bay, Antarctica, since 1988 in response to climate change. Remote sensing data (SPOT, Sentinel, Landsat and Planet Scope images) were applied to glacial landforms and ice-marginal fluctuations mapping. Annual mean near-surface air temperature reanalysis solutions from ERA-Interim were analyzed. Moraines and glaciofluvial landforms were identified. The Ana Northern Glacier has the highest retreat value (3.64 km) (and area loss of 31%) in response to higher depth in frontal ice-margin and reveal ocean-glacier linkages. The Ana South Glacier changed from a tidewater glacier to land-terminating after 1995, and had an outline minimum elevation variation of 89 meters, a shrinkage of 0.63 km, and a new proglacial subaerial sector. The Ana South Glacier foreland had recessional moraines (probably formed between 1995 and 2022), lagoons, and lakes. There are many flutings in low-relief environments. The 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009, 2010-2019 anomaly plots concerning to the 1980-2019 average for atmospheric temperature, are shown to be a driver of the local glacial trends.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230624

Short-term glacier area changes, glacier geometry dependence, and regional climatic variations forcing, King George Island, Antarctica
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LORENZ, JÚLIA L.

; ROSA, KÁTIA K. DA

; PETSCH, CARINA

; PERONDI, CLEIVA

; IDALINO, FILIPE D.

; AUGER, JEFFREY DANIEL

; VIEIRA, ROSEMARY

; SIMÕES, JEFFERSON C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volumen 95 Supl. 3 elocation e20211627

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study investigates the transient snowline (TSL) altitude for summer 2020, as well as glacial area loss in King George Island Icefields since 1988 using Sentinel-1 and 2 and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. Trends and anomalies in atmospheric temperature, U-wind, and V-wind were examined using ERA5 solutions. Results show the wet-snow zone corresponds to values of ≤ -13dB, and 44.3% of the glacial area is located above the TSL (≥ 300 m). Glacial area for 2020 is 999.95 km², and losses in the period represent 104.9 km² (error <1%) – a retreat of 3.17 km² / year. Glaciers in Keller Peninsula and Bellingshausen Dome lost the most area (28% and 17%, respectively) and did not have a TSL in 2020; followed by Warszawa (15%), Kraków (13%), and Eastern (10%), where the TSL was verified. Percentage area loss values increased with decreases in dimensions, area above TSL, and maximum elevation. Calving glaciers with ice-flow toward deeper and steeper submarine sectors (Bransfield Strait) exhibited greater glacier variations. The trend in warming atmospheric temperature was greater in the Bransfield Strait than in the Drake Passage. TSL and retreat difference between glaciers were influenced by climatic and ocean input, as well as multiple environmental factors.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320211627

Acute effects of two HIIT protocols on oxidative responses
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Carvalho, George Franklin Santana de

; Marçal, Anderson Carlos

; Aidar, Felipe José

; Santos, Jymmys Lopes

; Brito, Ciro José

; Getirana-Mota, Márcio

; Lima, Clésio Andrade

; Sampaio, Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho

; Souza, Raphael Fabrício de

; Vieira-Souza, Lucio Marques

Motricidade

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Dic 2022, Volumen 18 Nº 2 Paginas 276 - 281

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate acute responses to oxidative stress (OS) after a single session of two HIIT protocols. 24 Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n= 8): sedentary control (SC), HIIT with a 7-minute volume (LW) and HIIT with 14-min (HW). After the protocol, blood was collected for the measurement of uric acid (UA), and the liver and the gastrocnemius muscle were collected for OS assessment by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP). The LW and HW groups showed a reduction in hepatic MDA (51.9 and 29.9%; p< 0.05) compared to SC. However, the muscle of the HW group increased the MDA (12.6%; p< 0.05) compared to SC. As for FRAP, LW and HW reduced values (78.3 and 75.3%; p< 0.05) compared to SC, respectively. UA in the LW group was higher when compared to SC (64.7%; p< 0.05), HW group was similar to SC (p> 0.05). Among the different HIIT protocols, the LW group showed an increase in UA compared to the HW group (44%; p< 0.05). Compared to SC, the LW and HW groups did not promote acute OS in the liver tissue. However, HW caused OS in muscle tissue after a single exercise session.

https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.27710

High-Intensity Resistance Exercise and Schinus terenbinthifolius Supplementation Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Muscle Damage Biomarkers
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Vieira-Souza, Lucio Marques

; Marçal, Anderson Carlos

; dos-Santos, Jymmys

; Lopes Aidar, Felipe José

; dos-Santos, Samuel Bruno

; de Santana Silva, André Luiz

; Costa Reis, Gracielle

; Santana de Carvalho, George Franklin

; de Souza, Raphael Fabrício

; Tavares dos Santos, Darlan

; Sorbazo Soto, Dany Alexis

; Brito, Ciro José

International Journal of Morphology

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Jun 2022, Volumen 40 Nº 3 Paginas 781 - 788

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: High-intensity physical exercises can cause oxidative stress and muscle damage. Several medicinal plants have been used as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. The present study evaluated high-intensity resistance exercise (HIRE) associated with Schinus Terebentifholius ethanolic extract (EE) on oxidative parameters and muscle damage in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 04 groups (n=10/group): 1. Control (CG) - animals that did not undergo HIRE and were treated with vehicle (distilled water, orally); 2. Acute exercise (AE) - animals submitted to acute exercise session; 3. Exercise + vehicle (EV) - animals that underwent HIRE and were treated with vehicle and 4. Exercise + extract (EX) animals administered with Schinus terebenthifolius EE (100mg/Kg, orally) and submitted to the exercise session. Schinus terebenthifolius EE showed high in vitro antioxidant activity (13.88 ± 0.36 mg/mL). Before the experimental period, lactate was measured at pre and post moments of AE (p<0.0001) and EX (p<0.0001) groups. After the acute session, the following were evaluated: oxidative stress {malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl groups (SH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)}, muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In the in vivo analyses of the EX group compared to AE and EV groups, respectively: hepatic (MDA: p<0.0001 and SH: p=0.0033, in both; FRAP: p=0.0011 and p=0.0047), muscle (MDA, SH and FRAP: p<0.0001, in both; CK: p=0.0001 and p<0.0001; LDH: p<0.0001, in both), serum levels (MDA: p=0.0003, p=0.0012, SH: p=0.0056, p=0.0200, FRAP: p=0.0017 and p=0.0165) were significant. There was no significant difference in ALT and AST markers. It could be concluded that Schinus terebenthifolius EE associated with HIRE attenuated oxidative stress and muscle damage in rats.

RESUMEN: Los ejercicios físicos de alta intensidad pueden causar estrés oxidativo y daño muscular. Varias plantas medicinales se han utilizado como agentes antioxidantes y antiinflamatorios. El presente estudio evaluó el ejercicio de resistencia de alta intensidad (HIRE) asociado con el extracto etanólico (EE) de Schinus terebentifholius sobre los parámetros oxidativos y el daño muscular en ratas Wistar. Los animales se dividieron en 4 grupos (n=10/grupo): 1. Control (GC) - animales que no se sometieron a HIRE y fueron tratados con vehículo (agua destilada, por vía oral); 2. Ejercicio agudo (AE) - animales sometidos a sesión de ejercicio agudo; 3. Ejercicio + vehículo (EV) - animales que se sometieron a HIRE y fueron tratados con vehículo y 4. Ejercicio + extracto (EX) animales administrados con Schinus terebenthifolius EE (100 mg/kg, por vía oral) y sometidos a la sesión de ejercicio. Schinus terebenthifolius EE mostró una alta actividad antioxidante in vitro (13,88 ± 0,36 mg/mL). Antes del período experimental, se midió el lactato en los momentos pre y post de los grupos AE (p<0,0001) y EX (p<0,0001). Tras la sesión aguda, se evaluaron: el estrés oxidativo malondialdehído (MDA), grupos sulfhidrilo (SH) y poder antioxidante reductor férrico (FRAP), daño muscular (creatina quinasa (CK) y lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)), alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y aspartato aminotransferasa (AST). En los análisis in vivo del grupo EX frente a los grupos AE y EV, respectivamente: hepático (MDA: p<0,0001 y SH: p=0,0033, en ambos; FRAP: p=0,0011 y p=0,0047), muscular (MDA, SH y FRAP: p<0,0001, en ambos; CK: p=0,0001 y p<0,0001; LDH: p<0,0001, en ambos), niveles séricos (MDA: p=0,0003, p=0,0012, SH: p=0,0056, p=0,0200, FRAP: p=0,0017 y p=0,0165) fueron significativas. No hubo diferencia significativa en los marcadores ALT y AST. Se podría concluir que Schinus terebenthifolius EE asociado con HIRE atenuó el estrés oxidativo y el daño muscular en ratas.

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Método de geomorphon aplicado à Antártica: identificação de formas de relevo paraglaciais de macro e meso-escala. Ilha Rei George, Ilhas Shetlands do Sul
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Petsch, Carina

; Perondi, Cleiva

; Kellern da Rosa, Kátia

; Vieira, Rosemary

; de Souza Robaina, Luís Eduardo

; Trentin, Romário

Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía

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Jun 2022, Volumen 31 Nº 1 Paginas 108 - 127

Resumen: Es Pt En | Texto: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumen Con el retroceso de los glaciares en la Antártica marítima y los escenarios de cambio climático, es necesario comprender los procesos geomorfológicos que actúan en estas áreas recientemente expuestas. El propósito del artículo es presentar el Método geomorphon aplicado a la Antártica (Método Geomorphon aplicado a Antártica-MGA), para el mapeo de las formas de relieve en las áreas libres de hielo de la Isla Rey Jorge. La evaluación de la clasificación se realizó con base en la interpretación de MDE y algunos trabajos de campo realizados en los anos 2015 y 2016. Los elementos del relieve identificados por el MGA se relacionaron con las formas erosivas y depositacionales de génesis glacial, por una parte, de macro escala como valles, crestas, picos y, por otra, de mesoescala, como canales fluvio glaciales, morrenas de avance y de retroceso, así como los de génesis paraglacial y litoral. Se identificaron morrenas frontales que avanzan en todas las áreas, a excepción del sistema paraglacial del glaciar Ecology que, junto con los valles en U mapeados, indican la antigua dirección del flujo de los glaciares y los lugares donde había mayor espesor de hielo. La identificación de estas formas es una contribución para los estudios que evalúan la sucesión de cambios en el paisaje, relacionados con el retroceso reciente de los sistemas glaciares, lo que demuestra el potencial de MGA. Ideas destacadas: Artículo de investigación sobre el mapeo automático de los accidentes geográficos de origen glacial, marino y paraglacial, utilizando el método innovador llamado Método geomorphon aplicado a la Antártica en las áreas libres de hielo de la Isla Rey Jorge, Islas Shetlands del Sur.

Resumo Com a retração de geleiras na Antártica marítima, e os cenários de mudanças climáticas, faz-se necessário compreender os processos geomorfológicos atuantes nessas áreas recentemente expostas. O artigo apresenta o Método de Geomorphon aplicado à Antártica (Geomorphon Method aplicado à Antártica - em diante ОМА) voltado ao mapeamento de formas de relevo nas áreas livres de gelo da Ilha Rei George. A avaliação da classificação foi realizada com base na interpretação dos MDE e nos trabalhos de campo realizados em 2015 e 20i6. Os elementos de relevo identificados pelo GMA foram relacionados com as formas erosivas e deposicionais por um lado de macro escala de gênese glacial, como vales, aretês, horns, e por outro lado de meso escala como canais glaciofluviais, morainas de avanço e de recessão, e ainda as de gênese paraglacial e marinha. Morainas de avanço frontais foram identificadas em todas as áreas, com exceção do sistema paraglacial da geleira Ecology, e juntamente com os vales em u mapeados, indicam a antiga direção de fluxo das geleiras, e locais onde havia maior espessura de gelo. A identificação dessas formas contribui para estudos que avaliam a sucessão de mudanças na paisagem com a recente retração dos sistemas glaciais, comprovando a potencialidade do GMA. Ideias destacadas: Artigo de pesquisa sobre o mapeamento automático de formas de relevo de origem glacial, marinha e paraglacial, a partir do método inovador chamado Geomorphon Method aplicado à Antártica para as áreas livres de gelo da Ilha Rei George, Ilhas Shetlands do Sul.

Abstract With the retraction of glaciers in maritime Antártica, and the climate change scenarios, it is necessary to understand the geomorphological processes at work in these recently exposed areas. The purpose of the article is to present the Geomorphon Method for Antártica (Geomorphon Method Revised to Antártica-GMA) applied to the mapping of landforms in the ice-free areas of King George Island. The classification evaluation was carried out based on the interpretation of the MDE and on the field work carried out in 2015 and 2016. The relief elements identified by the GMA were related to the erosive and depositional forms of the glacial genesis macro scale, as valleys, aretes, horns and meso-scale, such as glaciofluvial channels, moraines of advance and recession, and even those of paraglacial and marine genesis. Frontal advancing moraines were identified in all areas, except for the Ecology glacier paraglacial system, and together with the mapped U-valleys, they indicate the old direction of flow of the glaciers, and places where there was greater thickness of ice. The identification of these forms contributes to studies that evaluate the succession of changes in the landscape with the recent retraction of glacial systems, proving the potential of GMA. Main ideas: Research article on the automatic mapping of landforms of glacial, marine and paraglacial origin, using the innovative method called Geomorphon Method Applied to Antártica, in the ice-free areas of the King George Island, South Shetlands Islands.

https://doi.org/10.15446/rcdg.v31n1.85644 16 descargas

10.

Glycerin diet affects the size of the fat globule and the fatty acid profile of goat's milk
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FREIRE, Luís Flávio da Silva

; CRUZ, George Rodrigo Beltrão

; COSTA, Roberto Germano

; RIBEIRO, Neila Lidiany

; GUERRA, Ricardo Romão

; SOUSA, Solange

; LIMA, Aécio Melo de

; SILVA, Gislaine Ferreira

; SANT’ANA, Amanda Marilia da Silva

; NASCIMENTO, George Vieira do

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volumen 42 elocation e85821

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the production, fat and fatty acids of milk as well as the diameter, classification and quantity of the milk fat globules (MFG) of goats consuming a diet with 15% of crude glycerin. Twelve multiparous Saanen goats weighing 40 ± 6 kg and 90 ± 5 days of lactation were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (0 and 15% inclusion of glycerin). In this way, each milk sample is classified according to the percentage of milk fat globules that were included in these three size categories. For the variables milk production, fat, diameter, medium and large fat globules and amount of globules showed a significant effect of the inclusion of glycerin in the diet (p < 0.05). Fifteen fatty acids were found, mostly saturated. For caprylic, palmitic, and linoleic fatty acids, there was no significant influence of the inclusion of glycerin (p > 0.05). Can recommend the use of 15% double-distilled glycerin in the feeding of lactating goats increased milk production, the amount of fat, increased the size of the milk fat globule. Regarding the saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, they kept the level of 15% of glycerin.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.85821

11.

Changes in plant communities and soil attributes in the “Cousteau’s whale bone skeleton” tourist attraction area in Keller Peninsula after 48 years
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PUTZKE, JAIR

; SCHAEFER, CARLOS E.G.R.

; THOMAZINI, ANDRÉ

; FRANCELINO, MÁRCIO R.

; SCHÜNNEMAN, ADRIANO L.

; VIEIRA, FREDERICO C.B.

; PUTZKE, MARISA T.L.

; SCHMITZ, DANIELA

; LAINDORF, BRUNA L.

; PEREIRA, ANTONIO B.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volumen 94 Supl. 1 elocation e20191467

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Ice-free areas of Antarctica represent an important study region that helps us understand how human activity affects plant communities and soil properties. The goal of this study was to determine the changes in plant composition and soil properties around a whale bone skeleton (WB) near Ferraz Station, King George Island, Antarctica from 1972 to 2020 (48 years). The WB was assembled in 1972 by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and his team. It is located in a large moss field and visited by many tourists. We studied the plant composition and development based on historical and recent photographs and phytosociological studies from 1986 to 2020. The soil was sampled in February 2009 to determine general properties. The results showed that human activity surrounding the WB directly affected the plant community composition and soil properties. The Syntrichia cushions were positively affected by the calcium deposits from bone dissolution. The principal component analysis revealed that mineralization of the bones increased soil nutrient assembly. A strong phosphatization process was observed in the WB area, similar to that in ornithogenic soils. The WB on the marine terrace enhanced soil fertility and changed the plant community.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220191467

12.

Forage availability and weight gain of goats on caatinga enriched with Urochloa trichopus (Hochst.) Stapf subjected to fallowing and fertilized with phosphate
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Pessoa, Rosa Maria dos Santos

; Silva, Divan Soares da

; Pereira Filho, José Morais

; Silva, Aderbal Marcos de Azevedo

; Ferreira, Joyanne Mirelle de Sousa

; Nascimento, George Vieira do

Ciência Animal Brasileira

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2022, Volumen 23 elocation e-70080

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a disponibilidade de forragem e desempenho de caprinos em Caatinga raleada e enriquecida com Urochloa trichopus submetida ao diferimento de pastejo e doses de adubação fosfatada. Foram utilizados 24 caprinos mestiços F1 (Boer x SPRD), inteiros, com peso corporal de 15,0 ± 2,6 kg, distribuídos em quatro piquetes (n = 6) de acordo com o peso vivo, idade e estado fisiológico. Os animais realizaram pastejo na Caatinga, com lotação contínua, sendo recolhidos e colocados em baias individuais permanecendo nesse local durante a noite. No experimento para avaliar desempenho animal foi usado delineamento blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos (0, 11, 33 e 60 dias de diferimento) e seis repetições. Para determinação produção de massa seca e composição florística foi usado a adubação fosfatada nas dosagens de x P2O5 em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos, 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg de P2O5 com 4 repetições. A adubação fosfatada promoveu efeito para a composição florística de dicotiledôneas e U. trichopus (P<0,05). Houve efeito do diferimento de pastagem para o peso final dos caprinos, com o menor peso (20,40 kg) observado aos 60 dias de diferimento (P<0,05). A adubação fosfatada não aumentou a produtividade de matéria seca. O diferimento não é indicado para uma área de vegetação da caatinga, pois mesmo com a vedação, no período seco ocorreu uma diminuição na disponibilidade e na qualidade da forragem, acarretando um menor aporte dos animais.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage availability and performance of goats in thinned Caatinga enriched with Urochloa trichopus subjected to grazing fallowing and levels of phosphorus fertilization. Twenty-four F1 crossbred goats (Boer x Non-descript breed), whole, 15.0 ± 2.6 kg body weight were distributed in four paddocks (n = 6) according to body weight, age and physiological status. Animals grazed on Caatinga, under continuous stocking, and were gathered and kept in individual pens overnight. The experiment to evaluate animal performance was a randomized block design with 4 treatments (0, 11, 33 and 60 days of fallowing) and six replications. To determine dry mass production and floristic composition, phosphate fertilization was used in the doses of x P2O5 in a randomized block design with five treatments, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg P2O5 with 4 replications. Phosphate fertilization had an effect on the floristic composition of dicots and U. trichopus (P<0.05). There was an effect of pasture fallowing on the final weight of goats, with the lowest weight (20.40 kg) observed after 60 days of fallowing (P<0.05). Fallowing is not suitable for an area of vegetation in the caatinga, because there was a decrease in forage availability and quality in the dry period, resulting in a lower performance of animals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v22e-70080

13.

Geomorphology of Martel inlet, King George Island, Antarctica: a new interpretation based on multi-resolution topo-bathymetric data
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PERONDI, CLEIVA

; ROSA, KÁTIA KELLEM DA

; VIEIRA, ROSEMARY

; MAGRANI, FABIO JOSÉ GUEDES

; AYRES NETO, ARTHUR

; SIMÕES, JEFFERSON C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volumen 94 Supl. 1 elocation e20210482

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study investigated the terrestrial and submarine geomorphology and glacial landform records in the Martel inlet (King George Island) using a multi-resolution topobathymetric data based on seismic, multibeam surveys and terrestrial satellite datasets (REMA DEM). Geomorphometric analysis provided glacial landforms and sedimentary processes interpretation. The submarine sector has a mean depth of 143 m, a maximum depth of 398 m, and most of it has a low slope (0°–16°). Steep slopes (>30°) are found along the mid-outer sectors transition area. The continental shelf was divided into inner fjord (49 m depth), middle fjord (119 m), and outer fjord (259 m), based on depth, elevation and slope. The topobathymetric digital model provides evidence of geomorphological contrasts between these zones in the fjord’s seafloor and subaerial environments. A prominent morainal bank in the transition between the inner and middle parts marks the limit of a past stationary stage of the Dobrowolski-Goetel ice margin. Streamlined glacial lineations demonstrate an NE-SW past ice flow direction and a wet-based thermal regime. The combined analysis of submarine and subaerial landforms enable the understanding of the former glacier configuration and its deglaciation history.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210482

14.

Carcass traits of goats finished with different levels of concentrate supplementation and kept on caatinga enriched with Urochloa trichopus
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Gama, Jean Francisco Pereira

; Pereira Filho, José Morais

; Nascimento, George Vieira do

; Cezar, Marcilio Fontes

; Gonzaga Neto, Severino

; Pessoa, Rosa Maria dos Santos

; Ferreira, Joyanne Mirelle de Sousa

; Cordão, Maiza Araújo

Ciência Animal Brasileira

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2022, Volumen 23 elocation e71730

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar as características de carcaça de caprinos mestiços F1 (Bôer x sem padrão de raça definida) terminados em pastagem de caatinga raleada e enriquecida com capim corrente (Urochloa trichopus Stapf.), submetidos a suplementação. Foram utilizados 24 caprinos mestiços com peso vivo 27,00 ± 3,32 kg. O suplemento foi elaborado de modo a atender as exigências nutricionais para que os animais do maior nível de suplementação obtivessem um ganho de 150 g diário. Para a análise dos dados foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (níveis de suplementação de 0,0%; 0,5%; 1,0% e 1,5% do peso vivo) e seis repetições (animais). Os dados foram submetidos a análises de variância e de regressão. Observou-se que a suplementação proporcionou efeito linear crescente para o peso ao abate, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria, peso de corpo vazio, rendimento de carcaça quente e rendimento de carcaça fria; efeito quadrático para o rendimento biológico. A perda de peso por resfriamento não sofreu influência da suplementação. Para os resultados das avaliações subjetivas apenas a conformação sofreu influência da suplementação (P<0,05). Para a morfometria observou-se efeito linear positivo da suplementação para o perímetro do tórax, perímetro da garupa, largura da garupa, largura do tórax. O nível de suplementação proporcionou efeito linear e positivo sobre o peso da maioria dos não componentes comestíveis da carcaça, sendo que para o rendimento não foi observado influência da suplementação para a maioria das variáveis. Conclui-se que o uso crescente de suplementação até o nível de 1,5% do peso vivo para caprinos F1 (Boer x sem padrão de raça definida) mantidos em pastagem de caatinga resulta em maiores pesos e rendimentos de carcaças.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass traits of crossbred F1 goats (Boer x non-descript breed) finished on thinned caatinga pasture enriched with signal grass (Urochloa trichopus Stapf.), and receiving supplementation. Twenty-four crossbred F1 goats with 27.00 ± 3.32 kg body weight were used. The supplement was designed to meet the nutritional requirements and animals receiving the highest supplementation level could gain 150g per day. For data analysis, a completely randomized design was adopted, with four treatments (supplementation levels of 0.0%; 0.5%; 1.0% and 1.5% body weight) and six replications (animals). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. Supplementation resulted in an increasing linear effect for slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, empty body weight, hot carcass yield and cold carcass yield; and a quadratic effect for biological yield. Weight loss by cooling was not influenced by supplementation. For the results of subjective evaluations, only conformation was influenced by supplementation (P<0.05). For morphometry, a positive linear effect of supplementation was found for thorax perimeter, croup perimeter, croup width, thorax width. The level of supplementation caused a positive linear effect on the weight of most non-edible carcass components, and there was no influence of supplementation on most variables for yield. It can be concluded that increasing levels of supplementation up to 1.5% body weight for F1 goats (Boer x non-descript breed) kept on caatinga pasture results in higher carcass weight and yield.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v23e-71730e

15.

Fast surveillance response reveals the introduction of a new yellow fever virus sub-lineage in 2021, in Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Andrade, Miguel Souza

; Campos, Fabrício Souza

; Oliveira, Cirilo Henrique de

; Oliveira, Ramon Silva

; Campos, Aline Alves Scarpellini

; Almeida, Marco Antônio Barreto de

; Fonseca, Vagner de Souza

; Simonini-Teixeira, Danilo

; Sevá, Anaiá da Paixão

; Temponi, Andrea Oliveira Dias

; Magalhães, Fernando Maria

; Chaves, Danielle Costa Capistrano

; Pereira, Maira Alves

; Lamounier, Ludmila Oliveira

; Menezes, Givaldo Gomes de

; Aquino-Teixeira, Sandy Micaele

; Gonçalves-dos-Santos, Maria Eduarda

; Bernal-Valle, Sofía

; Müller, Nicolas Felipe Drumm

; Cardoso, Jader da Cruz

; Santos, Edmilson dos

; Mares-Guia, Maria Angélica

; Albuquerque, George Rêgo

; Romano, Alessandro Pecego Martins

; Franco, Ana Cláudia

; Ribeiro, Bergmann Morais

; Roehe, Paulo Michel

; Abreu, Filipe Vieira Santos de

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volumen 117 elocation e220127

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild mosquitoes and non-human primates (NHPs). The virus is endemic to the Amazon region; however, waves of epidemic expansion reaching other Brazilian states sporadically occur, eventually causing spillovers to humans. OBJECTIVES To report a surveillance effort that led to the first confirmation of YFV in NHPs in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Southeast region, in 2021. METHODS A surveillance network was created, encompassing the technology of smartphone applications and coordinated actions of several research institutions and health services to monitor and investigate NHP epizootics. FINDINGS When alerts were spread through the network, samples from NHPs were collected and YFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and genome sequencing at an interval of only 10 days. Near-complete genomes were generated using the Nanopore MinION sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that viral genomes were related to the South American genotype I, clustering with a genome detected in the Amazon region (state of Pará) in 2017, named YFVPA/MG sub-lineage. Fast YFV confirmation potentialised vaccination campaigns. MAIN CONCLUSIONS A new YFV introduction was detected in MG 6 years after the beginning of the major outbreak reported in the state (2015-2018). The YFV strain was not related to the sub-lineages previously reported in MG. No human cases have been reported, suggesting the importance of coordinated surveillance of NHPs using available technologies and supporting laboratories to ensure a quick response and implementation of contingency measures to avoid YFV spillover to humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220127

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