ABSTRACT Introduction College soccer is a major priority for the Chinese sports department. Among the most relevant issues is the search for solutions to prevent sports injuries among young college soccer players in the development process. Objective Investigate the causes and characteristics of sports injuries among young college soccer players, aiming to develop scientific measures for prevention and control. Methods A total of 304 young people from primary and secondary schools in one city were selected as volunteers for the research, and the causes and characteristics of sports injuries among these players were analyzed using questionnaires, interviews with experts, and statistical-mathematical analysis. Results According to the characteristics of injury factors of soccer players at different learning stages, a good job should be done on preventing sports injuries of physiological, psychological, technological, training, and other aspects, to reduce the risk of sports injuries in young soccer players. Conclusion Fully understanding sports injury risk prevention, timely summarizing the experience and learnings, and doing a good job in sports injury prevention from the aspects of physiology, psychology, technology, training, and other aspects according to the characteristics of injury factors of soccer players at different school stages are desirable practices to reduce the risk of sports injury and improve the quality of school soccer training and competition for young college soccer players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción El fútbol universitario es una de las principales prioridades del departamento de deportes chino. Entre las cuestiones más relevantes se encuentra la búsqueda de soluciones destinadas a prevenir las lesiones deportivas entre los jóvenes futbolistas universitarios en proceso de desarrollo. Objetivo Investigar las causas y características de las lesiones deportivas entre los jóvenes futbolistas universitarios, con el fin de desarrollar medidas científicas de prevención y control. Métodos Se seleccionaron 304 jóvenes de primaria y secundaria de una ciudad como voluntarios para la investigación, y se analizaron las causas y características de las lesiones deportivas entre estos jugadores mediante cuestionarios, entrevistas con expertos y análisis estadístico-matemáticos. Resultados De acuerdo con las características de los factores de lesión de los futbolistas en las diferentes etapas de aprendizaje, debe realizarse un buen trabajo sobre la prevención de las lesiones deportivas de los aspectos fisiológicos, psicológicos, tecnológicos, de entrenamiento y otros, con el fin de reducir el riesgo de lesiones deportivas de los jóvenes futbolistas. Conclusión Comprender plenamente la prevención del riesgo de lesiones deportivas, resumir oportunamente la experiencia y los aprendizajes, y hacer un buen trabajo en la prevención de lesiones deportivas desde los aspectos de la fisiología, la psicología, la tecnología, el entrenamiento y otros aspectos según las características de los factores de lesión de los futbolistas en las diferentes etapas escolares son prácticas deseables para reducir el riesgo de lesiones deportivas y mejorar la calidad del entrenamiento y la competición de fútbol escolar de los jóvenes futbolistas universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução O futebol universitário é uma grande prioridade do departamento de esportes chinês. Entre os temas mais relevantes está a busca de soluções visando evitar lesões esportivas entre os jovens jogadores de futebol universitário no processo de desenvolvimento. Objetivo Investigar as causas e características das lesões esportivas entre jovens jogadores de futebol universitário, visando o desenvolvimento de medidas científicas de prevenção e controle. Métodos Um total de 304 jovens de escolas primárias e secundárias de uma cidade foram selecionados como voluntários para a pesquisa, sendo as causas e características das lesões esportivas desses jogadores analisadas por meio de questionários, entrevistas com especialistas e análises estatístico-matemáticas. Resultados De acordo com as características dos fatores de lesão dos jogadores de futebol em diferentes estágios de aprendizagem, deve-se fazer um bom trabalho na prevenção de lesões esportivas dos aspectos fisiológicos, psicológicos, tecnológicos, de treinamento e outros aspectos, a fim de reduzir o risco de lesões esportivas dos jovens jogadores de futebol. Conclusão Compreender plenamente a prevenção de riscos de lesões esportivas, sumarizar em tempo hábil a experiência e as aprendizagens e fazer um bom trabalho na prevenção de lesões esportivas a partir dos aspectos de fisiologia, psicologia, tecnologia, treinamento e outros aspectos de acordo com as características dos fatores de lesão dos jogadores de futebol em diferentes estágios escolares, são práticas desejáveis para reduzir o risco de lesões esportivas e melhorar a qualidade do treinamento e da competição do futebol escolar para os jovens universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract: Not only the indigenous aristocratic families but also northern immigrant families living in east Zhejiang were involved in the debates on monetary theory and policy thought in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. The debates were often focused on the commodity prices and forced labor in east Zhejiang. This special historical phenomenon reflects two questions. On the one hand, the chaos caused by the war in the north and scholar families migrating southward greatly promoted the development of southern China, which made the five counties in east Zhejiang the most important and active areas of economy. On the other hand, it reflects the relationship changes between immigrants and indigenous gentries. Namely, the indigenous aristocratic families and northern immigrant families cooperated in economy so as to enhance the prosperity and development of the east Zhejiang region. Later, with the rise of “common people (寒人)”, the scholars’ economic status was increasingly impacted, which resulted in the gentries’ anxiety and crisis consciousness.

Resumo: Não apenas as famílias aristocráticas indígenas, mas também as famílias de imigrantes do norte que viviam no Leste de Zhejiang, estavam envolvidas nos debates sobre teoria monetária e pensamento político, na Dinastia Jin Oriental e Dinastias do Sul. Os debates geralmente se concentravam nos preços das commodities e no trabalho forçado no Leste de Zhejiang. Esse fenômeno histórico especial reflete duas questões. Por um lado, o caos causado pela guerra no Norte e as famílias de estudiosos, migrando para o Sul, promoveram muito o desenvolvimento do Sul da China, o que tornou os cinco condados do leste de Zhejiang as áreas mais importantes e ativas da economia. Por outro lado, reflete as mudanças de relacionamento entre imigrantes e nobres indígenas. Ou seja, as famílias aristocráticas indígenas e as famílias imigrantes do Norte cooperaram na economia para aumentar a prosperidade e o desenvolvimento do Leste de Zhejiang. Mais tarde, com o surgimento de “povo comum (寒人)”, o status econômico dos estudiosos foi cada vez mais impactado, o que resultou em ansiedade e consciência de crise dos nobres.

ABSTRACT Pneumatic seed metering devices are widely used in high-speed and precise corn seeding operations. The objective of this study was to analysis the high-speed seeding performance of a pneumatic precision seed metering device at seeding speed ≥12 km/h. In this study, full-factor experiments were conducted of an air-suction rotary-hub corn precision seed metering device at the early stage of development. Seed leaking was the primary failure mode, and the experimental factors had no evident regular influence on the repeat index. The negative pressure of 3-7 kPa had significantly positive and negative correlations with the qualified index and the leak index, whereas the seeding speed of 12-20 km/h was significantly negatively and positively correlated with the qualified index and the leak index, respectively. The leak index reached its greatest value of 32.48%, 15.61% and 66.77% when the negative pressure was 3 kPa, and it was always less than 10% when the negative pressure was greater than 6 kPa for the three corn seed varieties. The corn seed varieties with smaller sizes and regular shapes were more suitable for high-speed precision seeding operations above 12 km/h, and the negative pressure could be increased to improve the qualified index and reduce the leak index.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a potentially fatal disease with a strong genetic contribution. The dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the formation of this aneurysm. Although previous studies suggested that long non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) hypoxia inducible factor 1 α-antisense RNA 1 (HIF1A-AS1) exerted a vital role in the progression and pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm, we managed to find a new regulatory mechanism of HIF1A-AS1 in VSMCs via transcriptomics. Methods: Cell viability was detected by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. Transwell migration assay and wound healing assay were performed to check the migration ability of HIF1A-AS1 on VSMCs. The NextSeq XTen system (Illumina) was used to collect RNA sequencing data. Lastly, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed the veracity and reliability of RNA-sequencing results. Results: We observed that overexpressing HIF1A-AS1 successfully promoted apoptosis, significantly altered cell cycle distribution, and greatly attenuated migration in VSMCs, further highlighting the robust promoting effects of HIF1A-AS1 to thoracic aortic aneurysm. Moreover, transcriptomics was implemented to uncover its underlying mechanism. A total of 175 differently expressed genes were identified, with some of them enriched in apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle-related pathways. Intriguingly, some differently expressed genes were noted in vascular development or coagulation function pathways. Conclusion: We suggest that HIF1A-AS1 mediated the progression of thoracic aortic aneurysm by not only regulating the function of VSMCs, but also altering vascular development or coagulation function.

ABSTRACT To solve the problems of low efficiency, poor fertilizer application, and low fertilizer utilization rate of existing wheat layered fertilization devices (LFD). This paper proposed a layered fertilization mode combining shallow fertilizer application based on rotary tillage and middle/deep fertilizer application of layered fertilizer shovel (LFS), and designed a combined spatial layered fertilization device with a fixed proportion. A discrete element simulation model consisting of soil, LFS and fertilizer was established. Taking the variation coefficients of fertilization amount as the evaluation indicator and changing the sidewall deflection angle, rear inclination angle, upper channel length of LFS, a three-factor three-level quadratic rotational orthogonal experiment was carried out. The optimal parameter combination was obtained: the deflection angle was 9.5°, the inclination angle was 57°, and the channel length was 280 mm. The corresponding variation coefficients of fertilizer application depth were 4.55%, 8.44%, and 6.93% while working stably under the optimal combination, which is consistent with the simulation results. The results showed that LFD can apply fertilizer underground in three layers: 0~10, 15, and 20 cm, with the proportion of shallow, middle, and deep fertilizers being 30%, 35%, and 35%, which can meet the agronomic requirements for winter wheat growth.

SUMMARY: Myodural bridges (MDB) are anatomical connections between the suboccipital muscles and the cervical dura mater which pass through both the atlanto-occipital and the atlanto-axial interspaces in mammals. In our previous studies, we found that the MDB exists in seven terrestrial mammal species, two marine mammal species, two reptilian species, and one bird species. A recent study suggested that given the “ubiquity” of myodural bridges in terrestrial vertebrates, the MDB may also exist in snakes. Specifically, we focused on the Gloydius shedaoensis, a species of Agkistrodon (pit viper snake) that is only found on Shedao Island, which is in the southeastern sea of Dalian City in China. Six head and neck cadaveric specimens of Gloydius shedaoensis were examined. Three specimens were used for anatomical dissection and the remaining three cadaveric specimens were utilized for histological analysis. The present study confirmed the existence of the MDB in the Gloydius shedaoensis. The snake’s spinalis muscles originated from the posterior edge of the supraoccipital bones and the dorsal facet of the exocciput, and then extended on both sides of the spinous processes of the spine, merging with the semispinalis muscles. On the ventral aspect of this muscular complex, it gave off fibers of the MDB. These MDB fibers twisted around the posterior margin of the exocciput and then passed through the atlanto-occipital interspace, finally terminating on the dura mater. We observed that the MDB also existed in all of the snakes’ intervertebral joints. These same histological findings were also observed in the Gloydius brevicaudus, which was used as a control specimen for the Gloydius shedaoensis. In snakes the spinal canal is longer than that observed in most other animals. Considering the unique locomotive style of snakes, our findings contribute to support the hypothesis that the MDB could modulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsations.

RESUMEN: Los puentes miodurales (MDB) son conexiones anatómicas entre los músculos suboccipitales y la duramadre cervical que pasan a través de los espacios intermedios atlanto-occipital y atlanto-axial en los mamíferos. En nuestros estudios anteriores, encontramos que el MDB existe en siete especies de mamíferos terrestres, dos especies de mamíferos marinos, dos especies de reptiles y una especie de ave. Un estudio reciente sugirió que dada la "ubicuidad" de los puentes miodurales en los vertebrados terrestres, el MDB también puede existir en las serpientes. Específicamente, nos enfocamos en Gloydius shedaoensis, una especie de Agkistrodon (serpiente víbora) que solo se encuentra en la isla Shedao, en el mar sureste de la ciudad de Dalian en China. Se examinaron seis especímenes cadavéricos de cabeza y cuello de Gloydius shedaoensis. Se utilizaron tres especímenes para la disección anatómica y los tres especímenes cadavéricos restantes se utilizaron para el análisis histológico. El presente estudio confirmó la existencia del MDB en Gloydius shedaoensis. Los músculos espinosos de la serpiente se originaron en el margen posterior de los huesos supraoccipital y la cara dorsal del exoccipucio, y luego se extendieron a ambos lados de los procesos espinosas de la columna vertebral, fusionándose con los músculos semiespinosos. En la cara ventral de este complejo muscular se desprendían fibras del MDB. Estas fibras MDB se ubican alrededor del margen posterior del exoccipucio y luego atraviesan el interespacio atlanto-occipital, terminando finalmente en la duramadre. Observamos que el MDB también existía en todas las articulaciones intervertebrales de las serpientes. Estos mismos hallazgos histológicos también se observaron en Gloydius brevicaudus, que se utilizó como muestra de control para Gloydius shedaoensis. En las serpientes, el canal espinal es más largo que el observado en la mayoría de los otros animales. Teniendo en cuenta el estilo único locomotor de las serpientes, nuestros hallazgos contribuyen a respaldar la hipótesis de que el MDB podría modular las pulsaciones del líquido cerebroespinal.

Abstract To investigate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in treating advanced gastric cancer. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of gastric cancer surgery combined with intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the efficacy and safety were screened by computer search PubMed, Medline, Springer, Elsevier Science Direct, Weipu, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) with the last report up to October 2019. The control group underwent radical gastrectomy, and the experimental group underwent intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy and radical gastrectomy. A total of 997 (Experimental group 453; Control group 544) participants were considered in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the experimental group has higher 1-year survival rate [OR=2.40, 95%CI (1.34, 4.33), P=0.003], 2-year survival rate [OR=3.45, 95%CI (2.08, 5.75), P<0.00001], 3-year survival rate [OR=2.70, 95%CI (2.05, 3.54), P<0.00001] and 5-year survival rate [OR=2.90, 95%CI (1.93, 4.37), P<0.00001]. There is no significant difference in postoperative bleeding (P=0.95), postoperative infection (P=0.26), postoperative anastomotic leakage (P=0.41), and postoperative intestinal obstruction (P=0.11). Intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with advanced gastric cancer in the Chinese population can improve patients’ survival rate after surgery and does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications, so it is clinically significant and safe.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium. We retrospectively analyzed the drug resistance of P.a isolated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. Drug-resistant P.a strains were constructed, then wild-type (WT) and drug-resistant (DR) strains were compared using protein and gene microarrays to determine differences between DR and WT strains. The resistance rates of P. aeruginosa during 2013, 2014 and 2015 were 21.2%, 21.4%, and 24.6% respectively. Among 242 protein peaks of WT and DR bacteriophage proteins, 41 were differentially expressed between the two groups. The expression of 26 and 15 proteins were respectively upregulated and downregulated in the DR compared with the WT group. Gene microarray results revealed 679 mutant loci in the DR group, of which 42 with the top 50 Q values were found in the NCBI database. The rate of P.a resistance to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium remained high between 2013 and 2015. The numbers of different proteins and genetic variations in the DR strains suggested that the resistance mechanism of P.a to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium involves multiple genes and proteins that might be key to controlling P.a resistance to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium.

SUMMARY: To establish an unprovable diagnostic indicative index reference for ultrasound examination of the fetal cerebral ventricles, based on the morphological characteristics throughout fetal nervous system development. Key ultrasonic morphological indicators of fetal ventricular development, which includes frontal horn width (FHW), occipital horn width (OHW), width of 3rd ventricle, cavity of septum pellucidum (CSP), width and length of 4th ventricle and thalamo-occipital distance (TOD) had been measured and analyzed collectively. All data of the indicators was collected on singleton pregnant woman between 16-39 weeks of gestational age (GA), between November 2017 and June 2021 at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University. A total of 235 pregnant women were enrolled in the cross section study; another 36 pregnant women voluntarily joined a timeline-tracking follow-up study (cohort study) under the same examining criteria. A decrease of FHW and OHW of the lateral ventricles was observed as GA increased; while dimensional values of TOD, 3rd ventricle, CSP, as well as 4th ventricle increased with GA. Most of these indicators showed an enhanced variation tendency within a certain period of GA. Moreover, values of FHW and TOD showed asymmetry of the two hemispheres within the whole GA. Our findings revealed the morphological regularity of fetal ventricular development, which would instructively enhance the relative clinical ultrasound diagnosis; moreover, TOD also showed regularly changes as GA increased, suggesting that TOD should be considered as an additional routine ultrasonic indicator for fetal ventricular development.

RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue establecer un índice de referencia indicativo diagnóstico no demostrable para el examen ecográfico de los ventrículos cerebrales fetales, basado en las características morfológicas a lo largo del desarrollo del sistema nervioso fetal. Indicadores morfológicos ultrasónicos clave del desarrollo ventricular fetal, que incluyen el ancho del cuerno frontal (FHW), el ancho del cuerno occipital (OHW), el ancho del tercer ventrículo, la cavidad del septo pelúcido (CSP), el ancho y el largo del cuarto ventrículo y la distancia tálamo-occipital (TOD) fueron medidos y analizados conjuntamente. Todos los datos de los indicadores se recopilaron en mujeres embarazadas de un solo feto entre 16 y 39 semanas de edad gestacional (EG), entre noviembre de 2017 y junio de 2021 en el Segundo Hospital de la Universidad Médica de Dalian. Un total de 235 mujeres embarazadas se inscribieron en el estudio transversal; otras 36 mujeres embarazadas se unieron voluntariamente a un estudio de seguimiento de línea de tiempo (estudio de cohorte) bajo los mismos criterios de examen. Se observó una disminución de FHW y OHW de los ventrículos laterales a medida que aumentaba la GA; mientras que los valores dimensionales de TOD, tercer ventrículo, CSP y cuarto ventrículo aumentaron con GA. La mayoría de estos indicadores mostraron una tendencia de variación mejorada dentro de un cierto período de GA. Además, los valores de FHW y TOD mostraron asimetría de los dos hemisferios dentro de toda la AG. Nuestros hallazgos revelaron la regularidad morfológica del desarrollo ventricular fetal, lo que mejoraría de manera instructiva el diagnóstico clínico de ultrasonido relativo; además, TOD también mostró cambios regulares a medida que aumentaba la GA, lo que sugiere que TOD debe considerarse como un indicador ultrasónico de rutina adicional para el desarrollo ventricular fetal.

RESUMO Explorar o efeito clínico da terapia musical no tratamento de pacientes de meia-idade e idosos com depressão. De junho de 2019 a junho de 2020, 100 pacientes com depressão foram selecionados como objeto deste estudo, e foram divididos em um grupo controle e um grupo de observação de acordo com a ordem de consultas, sendo 50 pacientes incluídos em cada grupo. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos em termos de gênero, idade, escolaridade e tratamento medicamentoso (dose, tipo de medicação) (P>0.05). Os pacientes do grupo controle foram tratados com medicamentos antidepressivos convencionais. Os pacientes do grupo de observação adicionaram a terapia musical à terapia convencional. O terapeuta musical precisa entender completamente a situação básica do paciente e formular um plano de tratamento musical adequado de acordo com o estado real do paciente. Comparar os escores HANA e PSP entre os dois grupos de pacientes com depressão após tratamento para avaliar o efeito terapêutico dos pacientes. Os escores Hana e PSP no grupo de observação após o tratamento foram significativamente superiores às do grupo controle (P< 0.05). Para o tratamento da depressão, além da seleção de medicamentos apropriados, o estado emocional dos pacientes é mais importante. A terapia musical Como tratamento auxiliar da Terapia tradicional no tratamento da depressão nos idosos foi efetivamente verificada, portanto devemos promover ativamente sua aplicação.

ABSTRACT To explore the clinical effect of music therapy in the treatment of middle-aged and elderly patients with depression. From June 2019 to June 2020, 100 patients with depression in a community were selected as the object of this study, and were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the order of visits, with 50 patients in each group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, education level and drug treatment (medication dose, type) (P>0.05). The patients in the control group were treated with conventional antidepressant drugs. The patients in the observation group added music therapy to the conventional therapy. The music therapist needs to fully understand the basic situation of the patient and formulate a suitable music treatment plan according to the actual state of the patient. Compare the HANA and PSP scores between the two groups of depressive patients after treatment to judge the treatment effect on the patients. The Hana and PSP scores in the observation group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). To treat depression, in addition to selecting appropriate drugs, alleviating the emotional state of patients is more important. Music therapy as an auxiliary treatment of traditional therapy, in the treatment of depression in the elderly, has been effectively verified, we should actively promote its application.

RESUMEN Explorar el Efecto Clínico de la Musicoterapia en el Tratamiento de Pacientes de Mediana Edad y Ancianos con Depresión. Desde junio de 2019 a junio de 2020, se seleccionaron 100 pacientes con depresión en una comunidad como objeto de este estudio, y se dividieron en un grupo de control y un grupo de observación según el orden de visitas, con 50 pacientes en cada grupo. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en términos de sexo, edad, nivel de educación y tratamiento farmacológico (dosis de medicación, tipo) (P> 0,05). Los pacientes del grupo de control fueron tratados con fármacos antidepresivos convencionales. Los pacientes del grupo de observación agregaron la musicoterapia a la terapia convencional. El musicoterapeuta debe comprender completamente la situación básica del paciente y formular un plan de tratamiento musical adecuado de acuerdo con el estado real del paciente. Se compararon las puntuaciones de HANA y PSP entre los dos grupos de pacientes depresivos después del tratamiento para juzgar su efecto del tratamiento en los pacientes. Las puntuaciones de Hana y PSP en el grupo de observación después del tratamiento fueron significativamente más altas que las del grupo de control (P <0,05). Para tratar la depresión, además de seleccionar los fármacos adecuados, es más importante aliviar el estado emocional de los pacientes. La musicoterapia como tratamiento auxiliar de la terapia tradicional, en el tratamiento de la depresión en el anciano, ha sido efectivamente comprobada, debemos promover activamente su aplicación.

Abstract Osteoporosis (OP), a common systemic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass, increasing bone fragility and a high risk of fracture. At present, the clinical treatment of OP mainly involves anti-bone resorption drugs and anabolic agents for bone, but their long-term use can cause serious side effects. The development of stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine has provided a new approach to the clinical treatment of various diseases, even with a hope for cure. Recently, the therapeutic advantages of the therapy have been shown for a variety of orthopedic diseases. However, these stem cell-based researches are currently limited to animal models; the uncertainty regarding the post-transplantation fate of stem cells and their safety in recipients has largely restricted the development of human clinical trials. Nevertheless, the feasibility of mesenchymal stem cells to treat osteoporotic mice has drawn a growing amount of intriguing attention from clinicians to its potential of applying the stem cell-based therapy as a new therapeutic approach to OP in the future clinic. In the current review, therefore, we explored the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in human OP treatment.

Hypertrophic scar (HS) formation is a common complication that develops after skin injury; however, there are few effective and specific therapeutic approaches for HS. Emodin has previously been reported to inhibit mechanical stress-induced HS inflammation. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of emodin on HS formation. First, we conducted in vitro assays that revealed that emodin inhibited M1 and M2 polarization in rat macrophages. We subsequently established a combined rat model of tail HS and dorsal subcutaneous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge-induced wounds. Rats were treated with emodin or vehicle (DMEM). Tail scar specimens were harvested at 14, 28, and 42 days post-incision and subjected to H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Histopathological analyses confirmed that emodin attenuated HS formation and fibrosis. Macrophages were separated from wound cells collected from the PVA sponge at 3 and 7 days after implantation. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that emodin suppressed in vivo macrophage recruitment and polarization at the wound site. Finally, we explored the molecular mechanisms of emodin in modulating macrophage polarization by evaluating the expression levels of selected effectors of the Notch and TGF-β pathways in macrophages isolated from PVA sponges. Western blot and qPCR assays showed that Notch1, Notch4, Hes1, TGF-β, and Smad3 were downregulated in response to emodin treatment. Taken together, our findings suggested that emodin attenuated HS formation and fibrosis by suppressing macrophage polarization, which is associated with the inhibition of the Notch and TGF-β pathways in macrophages.

Abstract Paired basic amino acid-cleaving enzyme 4 (PACE4), a proprotein convertase, is involved in the activation of aggrecanases (ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) in osteoarthritic and cytokine-stimulated cartilage. Activated aggrecanases cause aggrecan degradation and thus, contribute to osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we investigated the association between PACE4 gene polymorphisms and OA risk. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs4965833) in the PACE4 gene was genotyped in 432 OA patients and 523 healthy controls using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the relative expression of PACE4 in blood samples from 90 OA patients (30 for each genotype). The relative expression level of PACE4 mRNA was higher in the GG genotype as compared to the AA/AG group. Moreover, the PACE4 rs4965833 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of OA, especially among individuals aged ≥55 years and with a body mass index ≥25. There was no significant association between the PACE4 rs4965833 polymorphism and clinical parameters of OA patients, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, Visual Analog Scale for pain and Lequesne’s index. In conclusion, the rs4965833 polymorphism in the 3’-UTR of PACE4 is associated with OA susceptibility.

Abstract The anthocyanin profiles and CIELAB color values of nine wines in Vitis germplasms from southern China were compared. The results showed that the anthocyanin composition of wines from one hybrid between V. vinifera and V. labrusca (‘Moldova’), two V. labrusca varieties (‘Conquistador’ and ‘Saint-Croix’), one V. quinquangularis variety (‘Yeniang No.2’), one hybrid between V. quinquangularis and V. vinifera (‘NW196’), one V. davidii variety (‘Xiangniang No.1’) and one V. rotundifolia variety (‘Noble’) were dominated by anthocyanidin 3,5-O-diglucosides. All these were quite different from V. vinifera wines (‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Marselan’), which were characterized by the monoglucoside and pyranoanthocyanins. 3',4',5'-substituted anthocyanins were dominant in the wines of all varieties, except ‘Noble’ wine. ‘Yeniang No.2’ (V. quinquangularis) had the highest acid, total anthocyanin concentration, and showed a more intense pigmentation with a higher proportion and concentration of coumaroylated anthocyanins. In the colorimetric analysis, ‘Yeniang No.2’ (V. quinquangularis) wine showed the most saturated red colors, followed by ‘NW196’ (V. quinquangularis). The detected chromatic characteristics of these wines were basically in accordance with their sensory evaluation.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Relatar os procedimentos cirúrgicos e a eficácia do uso de retalhos plantares mediais venosos para reparo de defeitos de tecidos moles dos dedos. METODOLOGIA De março de 2010 a abril de 2012, foram colhidos retalhos plantares mediais venosos para reparar ferimentos de 31 dedos em 29 casos. Entre eles, 13 dedos médios com defeitos nas pontas em 11 casos, 7 dedos com defeitos na parte dorsal em 7 casos e 11 dedos com defeitos na polpa digital em 11 casos. O tamanho dos defeitos variava de 1,2 cm × 1,5 cm a 2,5 cm × 3,5 cm. Foram colhidos retalhos plantares mediais venosos de 1,5 cm × 2 cm a 3 cm × 4 cm. Foram adotados enxertos de pele de espessura total na área doadora. RESULTADOS Todos os 31 retalhos sobreviveram, com exceção de 1 retalho com crise arterial e 2 casos com crise venosa. Esses problemas foram corrigidos a tempo com anastomoses secundárias das artérias e veias e os retalhos sobreviveram. Os ferimentos e áreas doadoras atingiram cicatrização por primeira intenção. Todos os enxertos de pele sobreviveram. Foi realizado acompanhamento pós-operatório em de 26 dedos em 24 casos por 4 a 12 meses, sendo que dos casos tratados 5 não tiveram acompanhamento. As partes dorsais dos dedos lesionados apresentaram morfologia normal, com cor e textura da pele muito similares a da pele normal. Após o reparo dos defeitos nas pontas e polpas digitais, impressões digitais apareceram e a sensação protetora foi restaurada. CONCLUSÃO Os defeitos de tecido mole dos dedos podem ser reparados de forma satisfatória com retalhos plantares mediais venosos, com poucos danos à área doadora. Este método mostrou se eficaz para o reparo de defeitos de tecido mole dos dedos.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To report the surgical procedures and efficacy of using medial plantar venous flap for the repair of soft tissue defects of the fingers. Methods From March 2010 to April 2012, medial plantar venous flaps were harvested to repair the wounds of 31 fingers in 29 cases. Among them, there were 13 middle fingers with defects at the tips in 11 cases, 7 fingers with defects in the dorsal part in 7 cases, and 11 fingers with defects in the finger pulp in 11 cases. The size of the defects ranged from 1.2cm×1.5 cm to 2.5cm × 3.5cm. Medial plantar venous flaps of 1.5cm × 2cm – 3×4 cm were harvested. Full-thickness skin grafts were adopted for the donor areas. RESULTS All 31 flaps survived, except for 1 flap with arterial crisis and 2 cases with venous crisis. These conditions were timely corrected by secondary anastomosis of artery and vein and the flaps survived. The wounds and the donor areas achieved healing by the first intention. All grafted skins survived. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 26 fingers in 24 cases for 4-12 months, excluding 5 cases with lost follow-up. The dorsal part of the damaged fingers had normal morphology, and the skin color and texture were similar to those of the normal skin. After the repair of defects in the fingertip and pulp, fingerprints appeared, and the protective sensation was restored. CONCLUSION The soft tissue defects of the fingers can be satisfactorily repaired with medial plantar venous flap, and little damage is caused to the donor area. This method is proven effective for the repair of soft tissue defects of the fingers.