Abstract Kaempferol, an important flavonol, has numerous health-beneficial bioactivities and possesses a great potential for application in medicine, food, and cosmetics industries. To improve the production of kaempferol in an in vitro synthetic biosystem, we designed and constructed a panel of bifunctional enzymes by fusing the flavanone 3-hydroxylase (AtF3H) and the flavonol synthase (AtFLS1) of Arabidopsis thaliana with different orientation and different peptide linker type and length. By comparing the output of kaempferol, we obtained a highly active bifunctional enzyme AtF3H-(GGGGS)2-AtFLS1 with a Km value of 0.129 ± 0.016 mM. After optimization of a series of reaction parameters, kaempferol was produced at 100.54 ± 0.54 mg/L, the currently highest kaempferol output in an in vitro synthetic biosystem, and the substrate conversion rate was 68.26% ± 0.05%. In addition, we observed substrate inhibition for the AtFLS1, which eventually limited the production of kaempferol. This study provides a highly active biocatalyst for production of kaempferol and an insight into biosynthesis of other valuable molecules.

Abstract OATP1A4 is an important member of the family of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), which is generally thought to mediate cellular uptake of endogenous and exogenous substances, such as bile acids, drugs and environmental toxins. Recent studies have found that Oatp1a4 plays an important role in drug passage through the blood-brain barrier and is expected to be an important target for drugs used to treat central diseases. Oatp1a4 has also been associated with various diseases such as cholestasis. differences in Oatp1a4 across age and sex have also become an area of concern for precision drug administration. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic review of Oatp1a4 expression in drug transport and various physiopathological states.

Abstract Jiangshui is a traditional fermented food in Northwest China with high nutritional value and special pharmacological effects. To study the microbial community structure and differences in the main metabolic pathways and metabolites in naturally fermented Jiangshui, the microbial diversity and nontargeted metabolomics analyses were performed on 18 samples of Jiangshui from three different production areas, namely, Tianshui, Gansu, Guyuan, Ningxia, and Ankang, Shaanxi. First, the microbial diversity was analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Lactobacillus was the dominant bacterial genus in the three regions, and the relative abundance of the samples in each region ranged from 72.69% to 99.95%. The dominant fungal genus was Dipodascus, with a relative abundance > 40%. Second, untargeted metabolomics was used to analyze the differences among metabolites in Jiangshui samples. Significant differences were found in 761 different metabolites detected in Jiangshui from the three different regions. Based on ESI+, 78 significantly different metabolites were screened using variable importance projection (VIP) value > 1, fold change (FC) < 1, and P-value < 0.05. Finally, based on joint analysis, the microbiome and metabolite groups of Jiangshui samples from the three different regions were evenly and closely clustered, and the microorganisms and metabolites were highly correlated. The results provide theoretical basis and reference for Jiangshui in other regions.

Abstract Background The authors examined the relationship between Weight-adjusted Waist Index (WWI) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among adults in the US. Methods This prospective cohort study included 26,882 individuals who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 through 2014. WWI was calculated as waist circumference divided by the square root of weight. The main outcomes of this study were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Mortality status and cause of death were determined by NHANES-linked National Death Index records through December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to estimate Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% CIs for mortality for all causes and cardiovascular diseases. Results A total of 26,882 participants with a mean WWI of 10.89 ± 0.01, of whom 49.23% were male. The average follow-up time was 68.95 ± 1.07 months, and 1870 participants were determined as deceased (4.99%), including 349 cardiovascular death (0.88%). The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant difference in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality between patients with WWI <11.33 and ≥11.33 (both log-rank testp < 0.0001). The fully adjusted Cox proportional hazard model indicated that a higher WWI level (≥ 11.33) was associated with an increased 95% risk for cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.30‒2.93) and 68% risk for all-cause death (HR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.41‒2.00) compared with the counterparts. Conclusions Elevated WWI levels were associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality independently.

Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical usefulness of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) measurement in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods In this single-center retrospective study, demographic data, serum SOD levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), ANCA, organ involvement, and outcomes were analyzed for 152 AAV patients hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Meanwhile, the serum SOD levels of 150 healthy people were collected as the control group. Results Compared to the healthy control group, serum SOD levels of the AAV group were significantly lower (P < 0.001). SOD levels of AAV patients were negatively correlated to ESR, CRP, and BVAS (ESR rho = − 0.367, P < 0.001; CRP rho = − 0.590, P < 0.001; BVAS rho = − 0.488, P < 0.001). SOD levels for the MPO-ANCA group were significantly lower than the PR3-ANCA group (P = 0.045). SOD levels for the pulmonary involvement group and the renal involvement group were significantly lower than those for the non-pulmonary involvement group and the non-renal involvement group (P = 0.006; P < 0.001, respectively). SOD levels in the death group were significantly lower than the survival group (P = 0.001). Conclusions In AAV patients, low SOD levels might indicate disease associated oxidative stress. SOD levels in AAV patients were decreased with inflammation, suggesting that SOD levels could potentially be a surrogate marker for disease activity. SOD levels in AAV patients were closely related to ANCA serology, pulmonary involvement, and renal involvement, with low SOD levels an important indicator of a poor prognosis for AAV patients.

Abstract Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a functional food that is commercially available worldwide. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which are usually hydrolyzed into triterpene sapogenins in organisms to play a pharmacological role. Gypensapogenin D is a triterpene sapogenins with the highest content in the hydrolysate of gypenoside. In addition, it was found that Gypensapogenin D had a certain inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. In view of the poor solubility of Gypensapogenin D, which affects its bioavailability, Gypensapogenin D was prepared as a liposomal formulation in this paper, which provides valuable data for the later in-depth study and drug development and utilization of this compound. worldwide role gypenoside addition αglucosidase. αglucosidase α glucosidase. glucosidase α-glucosidase bioavailability paper indepth depth compound

Abstract Objectives The deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals within synovial joints and tissues is the initiating factor for gout arthritis. Thus, MSU crystals are a vital tool for studying gout's molecular mechanism in animal and cellular models. This study mainly compared the excellence and worseness of MSU crystals prepared by different processes and the degree of inflammation induced by MSU crystals. Methods MSU crystals were prepared using neutralization, alkali titration, and acid titration methods. The crystals' shape, length, quality, and uniformity were observed by polarized light microscopy and calculated by the software Image J. The foot pad and air pouch models were used to assess the different degrees of inflammation induced by the MSU crystals prepared by the three different methods at different time points. Paw swelling was evaluated by caliper. In air pouch lavage fluid, inflammatory cell recruitment was measured by hemocytometer, and the level of IL-1β TNF- α, and IL-18 by ELISA. Inflammatory cell infiltration was assayed by immunohistochemistry of air pouch synovial slices. Results For the preparation of MSU crystals with the same uric acid, the quantity acquired by the alkalization method was highest, followed by neutralization, with the acid titration method being the lowest. The crystals prepared by neutralization were the longest. The swelling index of the foot pad induced by MSU crystals prepared by acid titration was significantly lower than that of the other methods at 24 h. The inflammatory cell recruitment and level of 1-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18 in air pouch lavage fluid were lowest in animals with crystals prepared by acid titration. IL-1β secretion induced by MSU crystals prepared by acid titration was significantly lower than that of the other two groups, but there was no significant difference in IL-18 secretion between the three groups in THP-1 macrophages and BMDMs. Conclusions All three methods can successfully prepare MSU crystals, but the levels of inflammation induced by the crystals prepared by the three methods were not identical. The degree of inflammation induced by MSU crystals prepared by neutralization and alkalization is greater than by acid titration, but the quantity of MSU crystals obtained by the alkalization method is higher and less time-consuming. Apparently, the window of inflammation triggered by acid titration preparation is shorter compared to other forms of crystal preparation. Overall, MSU crystals prepared by the alkaline method should be recommended for studying the molecular mechanisms of gout in animal and cellular models.

Abstract Objective: This work aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors under different low oxygen partial pressures. Methods: Strictly follow in vitro aseptic culture of bladder cancer cell line UMUC3 and when the cells grow in the logarithmic phase, culture the cells under different low oxygen partial pressures. Among these groups, two groups of cells were transfected with small interfering-hypoxia inducible factor 1α (si-HIF-1α) liposome plasmids to silencing the HIF-1α expression. Results: Cell cloning experiment showed that HIF-1α will increase cell adhesion and proliferation under hypoxia. Matrigel angiogenesis experiment showed that hypoxia has a negative impact on the angiogenesis of tumor cells. Cell scratch test indicated that hypoxia has a greater impact on the migration ability of cancer cells, and HIF-1α has a significant impact on the migration process. Cell invasion test proved that hypoxia has a greater impact on the invasion ability of cancer cells, and HIF-1α has a great impact on the invasion process. Conclusion: HIF-1α can target the regulatory gene vascular endothelial growth factor to promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, neovascularization and lymph node metastasis.

Resumen Objetivo: Por lo tanto, este trabajo investiga el mecanismo molecular de la activación de factores inducibles por hipoxia bajo diferentes presiones parciales de oxígeno bajas. Métodos: Siga estrictamente el cultivo aséptico in vitro de la línea celular de cáncer de vejiga UMUC3 y cuando las células crezcan en la fase logarítmica, cultive las células bajo diferentes presiones parciales de oxígeno bajas. Entre estos grupos, se transfectaron dos grupos de células con plásmidos de liposomas si-HIF-1α para silenciar la expresión de HIF-1α. Resultados: El experimento de clonación celular mostró que HIF-1α aumentará la adhesión y proliferación celular bajo hipoxia. El experimento de angiogénesis de Matrigel mostró que la hipoxia tiene un impacto negativo en la angiogénesis de las células tumorales. La prueba de raspado celular indicó que la hipoxia tiene un mayor impacto en la capacidad de migración de las células cancerosas, y HIF-1α tiene un impacto significativo en el proceso de migración. La prueba de invasión celular demostró que la hipoxia tiene un mayor impacto en la capacidad de invasión de las células cancerosas y HIF-1α tiene un gran impacto en el proceso de invasión. Conclusión: HIF-1α puede dirigirse al gen regulador vascular endothelial growth factor para promover la proliferación, migración, invasión, neovascularización y metástasis en los ganglios linfáticos de las células tumorales.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar o efeito antiproliferativo de poli (lactídeo-coglicolídeo) com superfície modificada carregada com carboplatina contra células de retinoblastoma. Métodos: Preparou-se poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) carregado com carboplatina com ou sem alginato de sódio para modifição da superfície, poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). O potencial zeta e o comportamento de liberação de carboplatina foram investigados. A captação celular do fármaco liberado foi observada na linha celular de retinoblastoma Y79. O efeito inibitório das nanopartículas carregadas com carboplatina contra a linha celular Y79 foi avaliado através do ensaio de metiltiazol tetrazólio e Western-blot. Carboplatina nativa e nanopartículas vazias sem carga de carboplatina serviram como controles. Resultados: O potencial zeta de poli carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) foi - (26,1 ± 3,1) mV versus - (43,1 ± 8,1) mV em poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). A percentagem de libertação de explosão de poli carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) foram (40,0 ± 8,2)% e (18,9 ± 4,3)% às 24 horas, respectivamente. Uma diferença significativa foi identificada em relação à liberação de fármaco entre poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e poli carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). A detecção de fluorescência revelou que a carboplatina foi assimilada intensamente no citoplasma da linha celular Y79 que foi exposta ao poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo). A exposição de poli carregada com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) ou poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) inibiu a expressão de antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular em células Y79 no 3º dia. A extensão da exposição no 5º dia revelou que poli com alginato de sódio (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) para modificação da superfície foi superior a poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) em termos de inibição do antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular. O teste de viabilidade celular via metiltiazol tetrazólio mostrou um efeito inibitório semelhante. Além disso, as nanopartículas carregadas com carboplatina de concentração mais baixa inibiram a viabilidade celular mais fortemente em comparação com a carboplatina nativa de concentração mais alta no ensaio de metiltiazol tetrazólio. Conclusões: Poli com alginato de sódio carregado com carboplatina (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) inibiu a proliferação de células de retinoblastoma com efeito superior em contraste com poli (lactídeo-co-glicolídeo) e carboplatina nativa. O alginato de sódio para modificação da superfície oferece uma estratégia potencial para o sistema de liberação de carboplatina sustentada.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the antiproliferative effect of carboplatin-loaded surface-modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) on retinoblastoma cells. Methods: Carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) with or without sodium alginate surface modification was prepared using sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide). The zeta potential and carboplatin release behavior were investigated. The cellular uptake of the released drug was observed in the retinoblastoma cell line Y79. The inhibitory effect of carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles against the Y79 cell line was evaluated using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and western blot. Native carboplatin and void nanoparticles without carboplatin loading were used as controls. Results: The zeta potential was -(26.1 ± 3.1) mV for carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and-(43.1 ± 8.1) mV for carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide). The burst release percentages of carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) were (40.0% ± 8.2%) and (18.9% ± 4.3%) at 24 hours, respectively. A significant difference was identified regarding drug release between carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide). Fluorescence detection revealed that intense uptake of carboplatin into the cytoplasm of the Y79 cell line that was exposed to carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide). Carboplatin-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) or sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) exposure inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in Y79 cells on day 3. Extension of exposure to day 5 revealed that the sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) surface modification was superior to that of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) in terms of proliferating cell nuclear antigen inhibition. The cell viability test using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium revealed a similar inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles of lower concentration inhibited cell viability more strongly than native carboplatin of higher concentration in methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Conclusions: Carboplatin-loaded sodium alginate-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) inhibited retinoblastoma cell proliferation with superior effect as compared with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and native carboplatin. Sodium alginate surface modification offers a potential strategy for the sustained carboplatin release system.

RESUMO Introdução: A atividade física acontece por meio coordenação de vários sistemas de órgãos do corpo humano, e os exercícios físicos podem ter impacto positivo nas atividades de vários desses sistemas. Uma vez que o impacto de esportes de alta intensidade nos órgãos humanos é diferente de acordo com a temperatura do ambiente e com a intensidade do exercício, é necessário realizar observações e discussões mais detalhadas. Objetivo: Analisar as mudanças de forma e função do corpo, e das funções dos órgãos de alunos universitários antes e depois de atividade física de alta intensidade, através do estudo do movimento humano. Métodos: Pesquisa experimental sobre as características da troca gasosa em exercícios de alta intensidade com aumento gradual de carga em alunos universitários. Resultados: Houve diferenças estatísticas significativas na incidência de reações fisiológicas dos estudantes que passaram pela atividade de alta intensidade com aumento gradual de carga, incluindo dores abdominais, dispneia, taquicardia, náusea, tonturas, e dores musculares (p<0,05). Na presença de hipotermia havia uma queda na frequência cardíaca durante os exercícios. Conclusão: Exercícios de sobrecarga podem mediar funções fisiológicas eficientemente. Para melhorar a performance esportiva em ambientes de baixa temperatura é importante realizar exercícios de aquecimento para aumentar a temperatura do corpo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical activity is accomplished by the coordination of various organ systems of the human body, and physical exercise can positively impact the activities of many of these systems. Because the impact of high-intensity sports on human organs is different according to the environmental temperature and exercise intensity, we must make more detailed observations and discussions. Objective: To analyze the changes in the body shape, function, and organ function of middle school students before and after high-intensity physical exercise through the study of human movement. Methods: Through the experimental research on the characteristics of metabolic gas exchanges in high-intensity incremental load exercise of college students. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of physiological reactions shown by the students who underwent high-intensity incremental load exercise, such as abdominal pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, nausea, dizziness, and muscle aches (P<0.05). Hypothermia was accompanied by a decrease in heart rate during exercise. Conclusion: Carrying out overload training can effectively mediate physiological functions. It is an important, in improving sports performance, to carry out warm-up activities in a low-temperature environment to increase body temperature. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: La actividad física ocurre por medio de la coordinación de varios sistemas de órganos del cuerpo humano y los ejercicios físicos pueden tener impacto positivo en las actividades de varios de estos sistemas. Dado que el impacto de deportes de alta intensidad en los órganos humanos es diferente de acuerdo con la temperatura del ambiente y con la intensidad del ejercicio, es necesario realizar observaciones y discusiones más detalladas. Objetivo: Analizar los cambios de forma y función del cuerpo, y de las funciones de los órganos de alumnos universitarios antes y después de la actividad física de alta intensidad, a través del estudio del movimiento humano. Métodos: Investigación experimental sobre las características del intercambio de gases en ejercicios de alta intensidad con aumento gradual de carga en alumnos universitarios. Resultados: Hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas en la incidencia de reacciones fisiológicas de los estudiantes que pasaron por la actividad de alta intensidad con aumento gradual de carga, incluyendo dolores abdominales, disnea, taquicardia, náuseas, mareos y dolor muscular (p<0,05). En la presencia de hipotermia se produjo un descenso cardíaco durante los ejercicios. Conclusión: Los ejercicios de sobrecarga pueden mediar las funciones fisiológicas eficientemente. Para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo en ambientes de baja temperatura es importante realizar ejercicios de calentamiento para aumentar la temperatura corporal. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. To investigate effect of silymarin on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The serum samples of 20 healthy controls, 20 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and 20 patients with stable COPD were collected. LPS and smoking were used to induce COPD mouse model. Our results showed that in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, O2-level release from peripheral blood neutrophils were negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1 in predicted value, FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), and arterial partial pressure (PaO2). (r=-0.898, -0.878, -874, -0.890, all P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the phosphorylation of NADPH oxidase p47phox factor and peripheral blood neutrophil membrane protein in the stable COPD group and the acute exacerbation COPD group were significantly stronger. Silymarin can inhibit the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In conclusion, silymarin reduces oxidative stress in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells, thus decreasing the oxidative stress in COPD patients

Abstract The functional properties of wheat gluten protein isolated from nonfermented dough stored at -6 °C, -12 °C, -18 °C, -24 °C and -30 °C for 10 d, 20 d and 30 d were investigated. The solubility and water holding capacity of gluten protein decreased with decreasing frozen storage temperatures and increasing frozen storage time. The foamability of gluten protein was not affected by different frozen storage temperatures. However, the foamability of gluten protein decreased with extension of the frozen storage time. The storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") of gluten decreased with decreasing frozen storage temperatures. Meanwhile, the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") of gluten increased with extension of the frozen storage time. When the frozen storage temperature of gluten was -12°C, the frozen water content was lower than that in gluten with other frozen storage temperatures. The water migration of gluten protein under different frozen storage temperatures and times was measured by low-field NMR. The microstructure of gluten protein was also observed under a scanning electron microscope. It was found that more serious damage to the gluten structure occurred with lower freezing temperatures and longer freezing times.

Abstract The high-methoxyl pectin of citrus was used to prepare a fat substitute and applied to the processing technology of moon-cake skin. The physical, chemical, and sensory properties of fat substitutes and prepared moon-cake skins were studied by selecting texture properties, rheological properties, water distribution, and water-holding capacity. Results showed that the gel hardness of glucan–sucrose (G-SG) (glucan/sucrose = 4:6) as synergistic gel was 6.23 ± 0.10 N, the elasticity was 3.97 ± 0.03 mm, the adhesive viscosity was 4.87 ± 0.20 N, the chewiness was 16.87 ± 0.51 mj, the water-holding capacity was 98.33%, and the gel obtained from sucrose (SG) as gelation agent had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The consistency coefficient and thixotropic circle area of G-SG was larger than that of SG. Through dynamic viscoelastic scanning, we found that the tanδ of G-SG was smaller, and it had stronger hydrophobic interaction and stronger fluid properties after high-speed shear. It also more easily maintained a flow state similar to oil. G-SG was further applied to the processing technology of low-fat moon-cake skin. The color of the prepared low-fat moon-cake skin darkened, the water-holding capacity was enhanced, the fat content decreased from 22.21% ± 0.54% to 14.07% ± 0.57%, the oil droplets enlarged, and flocculation strengthened. Results of texture-characteristic and sensory-score analyses showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) from the control group when the oil substitution amount was 40%. At this time, the total sensory score was 41.71 ± 2.02.

Abstract Scutellarin, a flavonoid compound found in Scutellaria barbata, has been demonstrated to exert anti-cancer properity in a variety of human malignancies. However, its biological significance and underlying mechanism in glioblastoma (GBM) remain ambiguous. Network pharmacology approaches and molecular docking technologies were used to predict the crucial biological processes, candidate targets and signaling pathways of scutellarin against GBM. CCK-8, EdU, and colony formation experiments were performed to determine the effects of scutellarin on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was utilized to detect apoptosis. Western blot assays were used to measure the expression of proteins associated with EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis, we found that EGFR might be a potential target and PI3K-AKT signaling might be the key signaling pathway for scutellarin to combat GBM. Scutellarin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Scutellarin also suppressed the phosphorylation level of EGFR in a dose-dependent manner. Scutellarin inactivated PI3K-AKT signaling by targeting EGFR. Moreover, scutellarin-mediated suppression of cell proliferation and increase of apoptosis was greatly reversed in GBM after overexpressing EGFR. Taken together, scutellarin is a novel inhibitor of EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling to prevent GBM progression.