ORGANIC MATTER SOURCES TO THE SUPERFICIAL SEDIMENT OF THE ITAPICURU RIVER ESTUARY (BAHIA - BRAZIL). The present study evaluated the sources of organic matter (O.M.) in the Itapicuru River estuary (IRE), which is in an environmentally protected area surrounded by the Atlantic Rainforest in the northeast of Brazil. Eleven sediment samples were collected along the study area. Total organic carbon (TOC) and the δ13C values were determined using an elemental analyzer coupled with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The n-alkanes composition was evaluated through gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector. TOC and total n-alkanes concentrations ranged, respectively, from not detected to 0.72%, and from lower the limit of detection to 5024 ng g-1. There was a significant concentration of n-C22 and n-C24 in some samples showing bacterial production and recycling of O.M. Values of δ13C ranged from -27.6 to -21.9‰. Carbon preference index, terrestrial-aquatic ratio, aquatic production index, average chain length, and the ratio between n-C29 and n-C31 values ranged, respectively, from 1.42 to 4.11; 2.82 to 9.40; 0.00 to 0.25; 27.7 to 29.9; and 0.27 to 0.43. These results show that concentrations of O.M. to IRE are low, and its main source is C3 plants, such as those from mangroves. There is also the contribution of macrophytes.

ABSTRACT. We investigated aggregation patterns in three fruit fly species economically important in Brazil, namely Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha fraterculus, and A. obliqua. The study was carried out in a buffer zone and two neighbourhoods by comparing two-time series associated with the management strategy of fruit flies (systems approach). The abundance of these three species significantly decreased over the years with a negative binomial regression model describing the relationship between abundance and time in the entire area, buffer zone, and their neighbourhoods. In addition, the negative binomial model was also well fitted to the frequency distribution data of fruit flies in all analyzed scenarios. Anastrepha obliqua showed the highest aggregation degree, considering both the entire area and time series. A. fraterculus exhibited the lowest aggregation level, and C. capitata showed an intermediate degree. The buffer zone exhibited the highest aggregation degree for all species, and neighbourhood 2 exhibited the lowest aggregation degree. The aggregation degree was higher in the time series impacted by the systems approach than the series in the first years of its implementation.

RESUMO: Os micro-himenópteros do gênero Trichogramma são parasitoides de ovos utilizados no controle biológico de lepidópteros. Os objetivos deste estudo foram registrar as interações de espécies de Trichogramma e seus hospedeiros em culturas agrícolas do Meio-Norte, nos estados do Maranhão e Piauí. Foram amostrados ovos de lepidópteros em culturas agrícolas e plantas não cultivadas. Trichogramma atopovirilia, T. manicobai, T. galloi e T. pretiosum ocorreram naturalmente parasitando ovos de oito espécies de lepidópteros. O parasitismo natural evidencia a importância das espécies de Trichogramma como agente de controle biológico de pragas na região do Meio-Norte.

ABSTRACT: The micro-hymenopterans of genus Trichogramma are eggs parasitoids used in the biological control of lepidopteran pests. The objectives of this study was to record the interaction of species of Trichogramma and their hosts on crops in the Mid-North, in the states of Maranhão and Piauí, Brazil. Lepidopteran eggs were sampled on crops and non-crops. Trichogramma atopovirilia , T. manicobai , T. galloi and T. pretiosum occur naturally in eggs of eight lepidopteran species. Natural parasitism shown by Trichogramma species reveals the importance of these parasitoids as agents for biological control in the Mid-North region.

RESUMO: Tripes (Thysanoptera) em 33 espécies de Fabaceae (ornamentais e forrageiras) e algumas espécies de ervas daninhas foram inventariadas em áreas de ecótono caatinga-cerrado no nordeste do Brasil. Vinte espécies de tripes foram identificadas, das quais todas são associadas pela primeira vez com as plantas amostradas neste estudo, totalizando 26 novas associações hospedeiras, baseadas em coletas de imaturos. Cinco espécies são provavelmente novas para a ciência, ilustrando a diversidade de tripes na região. Poucas espécies de tripes que também ocorrem como pragas em outras regiões do Brasil são discutidas. Nossos dados estendem a área de distribuição dessas espécies de tripes e disponibilizam informações básicas sobre suas plantas associadas.

ABSTRACT: Thrips (Thysanoptera) on 33 species of Fabaceae (ornamental and forage) and some weed species were surveyed in areas of caatinga-cerrado ecotone in northeastern Brazil. Twenty species of thrips were identified, all of which are associated for the first time with the plants sampled in this study, totaling 26 new host associations, based on collections of immatures. Five species are probably new to science, illustrating the diversity of thrips in the region. A few thrips species that also occur as pests in other regions of Brazil are discussed. Our data extend the distribution area of thrips species and provide basic information on their associated plants.

RESUMO:Os estudos foram conduzidos em pomares de goiaba, em dois municípios do estado de Sáo Paulo. Em Monte Alegre do Sul, o levantamento foi realizado em uma estação experimental da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, na qual foram cole tadas 13 espécies de Anastrepha, desde janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2003. Em Monte Alto, em pomar comercial, foram coletadas oito espécies, desde janeiro a dezembro de 2004. Anastrepha fraterculus foi a espécie mais frequente nos dois municípios. Os parâmetros cli máticos exerceram baixa influência sobre a flutuação populacional das espécies de Anastrepha, nos dois pomares. Os picos populacio nais das espécies de Anastrepha mais abundantes variaram entre os pomares. A disponibilidade de frutos no pomar e nos entornos é o fator que determina o tamanho das populações de moscas-das-frutas.

ABSTRACT:Studies were carried out in guava orchards, in two municipalities of the State of Sâo Paulo, Brazil. In Monte Alegre do Sul, the survey was done in an experimental station of Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, in which 13 Anastrepha species were collected from January 2002 to December 2003. In Monte Alto, in a commercial orchard, eight species were captured, from January to December 2004. Anastrepha fraterculus was the most frequent species in both municipalities. The climatic parameters had low influence on the population fluctuation of the Anastrepha species in both orchards. The most common population peaks of Anastrephaspecies varied between the orchards. The availability of fruits in the orchard and nearby them is the factor that determines the size of the fruit fly populations.

Pouco se sabe sobre a fauna de Thysanoptera do Meio-Norte do Brasil. A despeito de ser uma região com pelo menos três biomas e alguns ecótonos, os estudos sobre essa ordem de insetos na região são relacionados a associações a poucas espécies vegetais cultivadas. Em Fabaceae, família vegetal com o segundo maior número de registros de espécies de tripes associadas no Brasil e grande importância econômica no Meio-Norte, há registros somente em feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Devido à falta de dados sobre a fauna de Thysanoptera nessa área diversa e à importância de culturas dessa família na região, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer as espécies de tripes associadas a Fabaceae de importância agrícola em áreas de Cerrado e ecótono Amazônia-Caatinga no Meio-Norte do Brasil, bem como disponibilizar informações biológicas básicas sobre danos e hospedeiros. Além disso, comparações entre as faunas de Thysanoptera de fabáceas cultivadas na região e no resto do País e uma chave para as espécies são apresentadas. Os tripes foram coletados em seis espécies de Fabaceae de importância agrícola em quatro municípios do estado do Maranhão e em um município no estado do Piauí. Oito espécies de tripes foram identificadas: Caliothrips phaseoli (Pergande, 1895), Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937, F. gardeniae Moulton, 1948, F. insularis (Franklin, 1908), F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910), F. tritici (Fitch, 1855), Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908) e Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935. Duas outras espécies não identificadas foram coletadas: Plesiothrips sp. e Scolothrips sp. Exceto por F. schultzei, todas as espécies de tripes coletadas no Maranhão são registradas pela primeira vez no estado, e F. gardeniae é registrada pela primeira vez no estado do Piauí. Foram estabelecidos os primeiros registros de tripes em Phaseolus lunatus L. no Brasil. Algumas espécies conhecidas como pragas de Fabaceae no Brasil, principalmente no sul e sudeste, não foram encontradas no Meio-Norte. Os espécimes-testemunha estão depositados na Coleção Entomológica do Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ / USP).

Little is known about the Thysanoptera fauna from Brazilian Mid-North. In spite of being a region with at least three biomes and some ecotones, the studies on this insect order in the region are related to associations to a few cultivated plant species. On Fabaceae, plant family with the second largest number of records of thrips species associated in Brazil and huge economic importance for Mid-North, there are thrips records only on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Due to the lack of knowledge on the Thysanoptera fauna in such a diverse area and the importance of crops of this family in the region, this research aimed to survey the thrips species associated to Fabaceae of agricultural importance in areas of Cerrado and Amazon-Caatinga ecotone in Brazilian Mid-North, as well as provide basic biological information about damage and hosts. Also, comparison between the Thysanoptera fauna of fabaceous crops in the region and the rest of the Country and a key to species are presented. Thrips were collected on six fabaceous crops in four municipalities in the state of Maranhão and in one municipality in the state of Piauí. Eight thrips species were identified: Caliothrips phaseoli (Pergande, 1895), Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, 1937, F. gardeniae Moulton, 1948, F. insularis (Franklin, 1908), F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910), F. tritici (Fitch, 1855), Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908) and Salpingothrips minimus Hood, 1935. Two other unidentified species were collected: Plesiothrips sp. and Scolothrips sp. Except for F. schultzei, the thrips species surveyed in Maranhão are first records in the state, and F. gardeniae is first record in the state of Piauí. The first records of thrips on Phaseolus lunatus L. in Brazil were established. Some species known as pests of Fabaceae mostly in southern and southeastern Brazil were not found in Mid-North. Voucher-specimens are deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP).

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de registrar as espécies de Anastrepha, suas plantas hospedeiras e parasitoides associados nos municípios de Laranjal do Jari e Vitória do Jari, estado do Amapá. Frutos carnosos de 17 espécies de 13 famílias foram amostrados, de fevereiro a julho de 2006, nos principais distritos dos dois municípios. Nove espécies de Anastrepha e seis espécies de braconídeos parasitoides foram coletadas durante o estudo.

This work was carried out to record the species of Anastrepha, their host plants and associated parasitoids in Laranjal do Jari and Vitória do Jari, Amapá State. Fleshy fruits of 17 species of 13 families were sampled, from February to July of 2006, in main districts of both municipalities. Nine species of Anastrepha and six species of braconid parasitoids were sampled during this study.

Anastrepha parishi Stone, 1942 foi obtida de amostras de frutos de Oenocarpus bacaba Martius, 1823 (Arecaceae), coletadas em Pracuúba, estado do Amapá. Este é também o primeiro registro de uma espécie de Anastrepha obtida de uma espécie nativa de Arecaceae.

Anastrepha parishi Stone, 1942 was reared in fruits of Oenocarpus bacaba Martius, 1823 (Arecaceae) collected in Pracuúba, State of Amapá. This is the first record of an Anastrepha species in a native species of Arecaceae.

A lagarta-enroladeira Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) é nativa da América do Sul, sendo importante praga em macieira no Brasil. O controle é realizado exclusivamente com inseticidas, e o controle biológico é pouco explorado, motivo pelo qual há necessidade de conhecer os inimigos naturais da lagarta-enroladeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de parasitóides de ovos de B. cranaodes. Os levantamentos foram realizados de janeiro de 2000 a novembro de 2001, coletando posturas em folhas de macieiras, Hortência (Hydrangia macrophyla) e Hera (Hedera sp.), em Fraiburgo, Santa Catarina. No período, foram observadas 6,6% de posturas parasitadas, sendo que, destas, 22,3% dos ovos estavam parasitados. Os parasitóides foram identificados como Trichogramma pretiosum Riley. Este é o primeiro registro de ocorrência de T. pretiosum parasitando ovos de B. cranaodes em pomares comerciais de macieira no Brasil.

Apple leaf roller, Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) is native from South America and it is one of the most important apple pests in Brazil. Its control is exclusively done by insectides and biological control isn't frequently applied. In this way is necessary to know the parasitoids associated with apple leaf roller. The objective of this study was to detect the parasitism occurrence on B. cranaodes eggs in the State of Santa Catarina (Brazil). From January 2000 to November 2001; 1,700 masses were collected on leaves of apple tree, Hydrangea macrophyla and Hedera sp. in Fraiburgo, Santa Catarina State. During this period egg parasitism was registered in 6.6% of masses where 22.3% of the eggs suffered parasitism. The parasite identified was Trichogramma pretiosum. This is the first record of parasitizing of Trichogramma pretiosum in B. cranaodes eggs in commercial apple orchards in Brazil.

Sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) in citrus groves of the area of Bebedouro, SP, with description of a new species of Acrogonia Stål. Sixteen species of Cicadellidae, subfamily Cicadellinae, were collected and identified: 11 of the tribe Cicadellini and five of the tribe Proconiini. The ten most common species, together with a new species, are characterized based on external morphology and male genitalia: Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli sp. nov.; Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg, 1879); Dilobopterus costalimai Young, 1977; Ferrariana trivittata (Signoret, 1854); Hortensia similis (Walker, 1851); Macugonalia cavifrons (Stål, 1862); M. leucomelas (Walker, 1851); Oncometopia facialis (Signoret, 1854); Plesiommata corniculata Young, 1977 and P. mollicella (Fowler, 1900). The leafhopper samples were collected in citrus groves and in adjacent habitats (woods, swamp, cultivable plain, spontaneous vegetation of the grove, coffee crop and sugarcane) at the counties of Bebedouro and Monte Azul Paulista and in the district of Turvínia. The collecting methods were: insect net, yellow sticky cards, portable suction trap and Malaise trap. Identification keys were elaborated for the 16 species. There is a great diversity of Cicadellinae species in the citric groves. In the three areas sampled, it was collected a larger number of species of the tribe Cicadellini than of the tribe Proconiini. In the Bebedouro area, the vector species of Xylella fastidiosa, A. citrina sp. nov., B. xanthophis, D. costalimai and O. facialis, were collected in the citrus groves and in all adjacent habitats.