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Abstract Scientific diving (SD) is defined as any diving activity that applies scientific procedures to produce subsidies for studies and technical works in underwater environments. The first report of an underwater scientific study in Brazil dates to the 19th century, in the Abrolhos reefs. Currently, in Brazil, scientific diving has been performed in various areas, from shallow coastal regions to remote and sometimes hard-to-reach places, such as oceanic islands, flooded caves, and icy areas like Antarctica. However, the regulation of SD in Brazil still lacks more concrete actions towards an effective and efficient self-regulation that offers physical safety to practitioners and institutional safeguards for organizations that use it in their research projects. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue in Brazil and to serve as a reference and incentive for the training of professionals and the development of these activities in the country. It includes: 1) a historical review of SD; 2) a diagnosis of the training and application of SD in Brazil; 3) the evolution of marine sciences in Brazil from the perspective of SD; 4) a review of the use of environmental assessment and underwater conservation techniques in oceans and internal waters; 5) an analysis of the evolution of scientific diver training in Brazil, including a diagnosis on training; 6) the history and updates of the rules, regulations, and safety of SD. Given all the potential of diving combined with specific techniques for research, monitoring, and marine and limnic science in Brazil, we aim to understand the evolution of scientific diving teaching and to outline perspectives in the country, as it is crucial for the training of qualified scientists capable of performing these underwater tasks. Finally, we present future plans for the development of this activity in Brazil from the point of view of research and the labor market.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23036tsl

USE OF BENCHES WITH REFLECTIVE MATERIAL TO FAVOR PRODUCTION OF RUBBER TREE ROOTSTOCK SEEDLINGS
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Costa, Edilson

; Silva, Bruna L. B. da

; Aguiar, Franciele K. O. M.

; Pereira, Talita C. C.

; Binotti, Flávio F. da S.

Engenharia Agrícola

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aug 2021, Volume 41 N. 4 Pages 409 - 417

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Success in production of any perennial tree depends on the use of high-quality seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate cultivation benches with reflective material and protected environments for production of rubber tree rootstock seedlings. The experiments were conducted in two types of protected environments: 35% shading aluminized screen and 30% shading black screen. Cultivation benches with and without reflective material were tested inside the protected environments. A completely randomized design with 7 replications and 5 seedlings per plot was adopted for each environment, and the environments were compared by joint analysis. Solar radiation (global and photosynthetically active) was the most influencing micrometeorological factor on plant environment and plant growth differentiation. Regardless of the environment, the use of reflective material in cultivation bench had a positive effect on production of rubber rootstock seedling (clone GT1), providing seedlings with a robust root system and better quality. The use of reflective material also improved rubber tree rootstock seedlings (clone GT1) grown in the black screen environment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v41n4p409-417/2021 76 downloads

Effects of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) essential oils on the honey bees Apis mellifera (Apidae: Hymenoptera) foraging
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Pinheiro, Izabella M. C.

; S. Luz, João Henrique

; N. Souza, Luis Flávio

; S. Oliveira, Ana Cláudia S.

; Oliveira, Eugênio E.

; Aguiar, Raimundo Wagner S.

; Santos, Gil R.

; Ferreira, Talita P. S.

; A. C. Silveira-Tschoeke, Marcela Cristina

; Tschoeke, Paulo Henrique

Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas

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dec 2019, Volume 36 N. spe Pages 31 - 41

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN El uso de aceites esenciales de plantas há sido adoptado como menos peligroso para el medio ambiente y la salud humana que los insecticidas sintéticos utilizados para el control de insectos portadores de enfermedades. A pesar de ejercer actividades insecticidas contra varios insectos vectores de enfermedades, los impactos potenciales en los organismos no objetivo ejercidos por los aceites esenciales extraídos de Lippia sidoides (Cham.) no han recibido la atención adecuada. Evaluamos la susceptibilidad y los posibles cambios en las tasas de consumo de las abejas melíferas, Apis mellifera (L.), cuando se exponen a aceites esenciales extraídos de L. sidoides. Se expuso a las abejas recolectoras a jarabe de miel (50% v / v) que contenía aceite esencial de L. sidoides durante 5 h. Después de este período de exposición, las abejas recibieron jarabe de miel regular durante otro período de 19 h. Se utilizaron seis concentraciones de aceite essencial: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 y 3.5 µL de aceite esencial / mL de jarabe, y se evaluó el consumo de jarabe y la mortalidad de las abejas en ambos períodos (5 y 24 h). Los resultados revelan que, independientemente de la concentración de aceite esencial, las abejas recolectoras se alimentaron significativamente menos de jarabe de miel que contenía aceite esencial de L. sidoides. Sin embargo, la alimentación con jarabe de miel que contiene aceites esenciales de L. sidoides no causó una mortalidad significativa en comparación con las abejas que no estuvieron expuestas a los aceites esenciales. Por lo tanto, los resultados demuestran que los aceites esenciales de L. sidoides exhibieron una selectividad adecuada contra las abejas melíferas.

ABSTRACT The use of plant essential oils has been adopted as less hazardous to the environment and human health than synthetic insecticides used for the control of insects that transmit diseases. Despite of exerting insecticidal activities against several insect disease vectors, the potential impacts on non-target organisms exerted by essential oils extracted from Lippia sidoides (Cham.) have not received adequate attention. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility and potential changes in consumption rates of honey bees, Apis mellifera (L.), when exposed to essential oils extracted from L. sidoides. Was exposed forager bees to honey syrup (50% v/v) containing L. sidoides essential oil for 5 h. After this exposure period, the bees received regular honey syrup for another 19 h period. Six essential oil concentrations was used, namely 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 µL of essential oil/mL of syrup, and evaluated the syrup consumption and bees mortality in both periods (at the 5th and 24th h). The results reveal that independent of the essential oil concentration, the forager bees fed significantly less on L. sidoides essential oil-containing honey syrup. However, feeding on L. sidoides essential oil-containing honey syrup did not cause significant mortality when compared with bees that were not exposed to the essential oils. Thus, the results demonstrate that L. sidoides essential oils exhibited adequate selectivity against honey bees.

https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.1936e.104 345 downloads

Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders
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COLPO, GABRIELA D.

; ASCOLI, BRUNA M.

; WOLLENHAUPT-AGUIAR, BIANCA

; PFAFFENSELLER, BIANCA

; SILVA, EMILY G.

; CIRNE-LIMA, ELIZABETH O.

; QUEVEDO, JOÃO

; KAPCZINSKI, FLÁVIO

; ROSA, ADRIANE R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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aug 2015, Volume 87 N. 2 Pages 1435 - 1449

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Células tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) são células progenitoras multipotentes que têm a capacidade de se diferenciar em todas as linhagens de origem mesodérmica, como, cartilagem, ossos, e adipócitos. CTMs têm sido identificadas em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento, incluindo a idade adulta e em diferentes tecidos, tais como medula óssea, tecido adipose e cordão umbilical. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que as CTMs possuem a capacidade de migrar para locais de lesões. Nesse sentido, uma característica importante das CTMs são os seus efeitos imunomodulatórios e anti-inflamatórios. Por exemplo, há evidências que as CTMs podem regular o sistema imune por inibição da proliferação de células T e B. O interesse clínico no uso das CTMs tem aumentado consideravelmente nos últimos anos, especialmente devido às características ideais destas células para a medicina regenerativa. Terapias com CTMs têm mostrado resultados promissores em doenças neurodegenerativas, além de regular a inflamação, elas podem promover outros efeitos benéficos, tais como, crescimento neuronal, diminuição de radicais livres e reduzir a apoptose. No entanto, apesar de muitas pesquisas das CTMs em doenças neurodegenerativas, o mecanismo de ação das CTMs ainda não estão completamente esclarecidos, o que dificulta o desenvolvimento de tratamentos eficazes. Por outro lado, estudos em modelos de doenças psiquiátricas são escassos, apesar dos resultados promissores utilizando terapias com CTMs nesta área.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate into all lineages of mesodermal origin, e.g., cartilage, bone, and adipocytes. MSCs have been identified at different stages of development, including adulthood, and in different tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord. Recent studies have shown that MSCs have the ability to migrate to injured sites. In this regard, an important characteristic of MSCs is their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. For instance, there is evidence that MSCs can regulate the immune system by inhibiting proliferation of T and B cells. Clinical interest in the use of MSCs has increased considerably over the past few years, especially because of the ideal characteristics of these cells for regenerative medicine. Therapies with MSCs have shown promising results neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to regulating inflammation, they can promote other beneficial effects, such as neuronal growth, decrease free radicals, and reduce apoptosis. Notwithstanding, despite the vast amount of research into MSCs in neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanism of action of MSCs are still not completely clarified, hindering the development of effective treatments. Conversely, studies in models of psychiatric disorders are scarce, despite the promising results of MSCs therapies in this field as well.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140619 9074 downloads

Histone deacetylase activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in a pharmacological model of mania
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Stertz, Laura

; Fries, Gabriel Rodrigo

; Aguiar, Bianca Wollenhaupt de

; Pfaffenseller, Bianca

; Valvassori, Samira S.

; Gubert, Carolina

; Ferreira, Camila L.

; Moretti, Morgana

; Ceresér, Keila M.

; Kauer-Sant'Anna, Márcia

; Quevedo, João

; Kapczinski, Flavio

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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mar 2014, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 39 - 46

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of repeated D-amphetamine (AMPH) exposure, a well-accepted animal model of acute mania in bipolar disorder (BD), and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on locomotor behavior and HDAC activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of rats. Moreover, we aimed to assess brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA levels in these samples. Methods: We treated adult male Wistar rats with 2 mg/kg AMPH or saline intraperitoneally for 14 days. Between the 8th and 14th days, rats also received 47.5 mg/kg lithium (Li), 200 mg/kg sodium valproate (VPT), 2 mg/kg sodium butyrate (SB), or saline. We evaluated locomotor activity in the open-field task and assessed HDAC activity in the PFC and PBMCs, and BDNF levels in the PFC and plasma. Results: AMPH significantly increased locomotor activity, which was reversed by all drugs. This hyperactivity was associated with increased HDAC activity in the PFC, which was partially reversed by Li, VPT, and SB. No differences were found in BDNF levels. Conclusion: Repeated AMPH administration increases HDAC activity in the PFC without altering BDNF levels. The partial reversal of HDAC increase by Li, VPT, and SB may account for their ability to reverse AMPH-induced hyperactivity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1094 1950 downloads

Síndrome de Klippel-Feil
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Aguiar, Guilherme B. de

; Fariña, Edgar M. G.

; Pinto, José R.

; Nigri, Flávio

; Telles, Carlos

; Acioly, Marcus A.

Medicina (Buenos Aires)

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oct 2009, Volume 69 N. 4 Pages 459 - 459

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

1117 downloads

Efeitos da eritropoetina recombinante humana em recém-nascidos pré-termo com doenças infecciosas
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Aguiar, Iara Flávia de Vasconcelos P.

; Krebs, Vera Lúcia Jornada

; Gualandro, Sandra F. M.

; Silveira, Paulo A. A.

; Vaz, Flávio Adolfo Costa

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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feb 2007, Volume 53 N. 1 Pages 90 - 94

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da eritropoetina recombinante humana (rHuEpo) em recém-nascidos pré-termo com doenças infecciosas graves. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo controlado, não randomizado, em 34 recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de patologias infecciosas graves, peso de nascimento igual ou inferior a 1500 g, idade gestacional inferior a 35 semanas e estabilidade clínica. Os recém-nascidos designados para o tratamento com rHuEpo receberam a eritropoetina ß na dose de 400 UI/kg, duas vezes por semana, por via subcutânea. A suplementação oral com ferro foi iniciada quando os níveis de ferritina sérica foram inferiores a 60 mcg/L. O estudo foi realizado durante seis semanas ou até a alta hospitalar do paciente. Foram avaliados a eritropoese, o número de transfusões, o número de neutrófilos, a contagem de plaquetas e os episódios de novas infecções durante o tratamento com o hormônio. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significativo do número de reticulócitos no grupo tratado; entretanto, não houve impacto sobre o número ou volume de transfusões. Não foram observadas alterações no número de neutrófilos ou plaquetas. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de rHuEpo em RNPT com doenças infecciosas, na dose de 800 UI/Kg/semana, foi efetivo para induzir eritropoese, sem ocorrerem alterações significativas sobre o número de neutrófilos ou plaquetas. Essa estratégia, associada ao controle rigoroso do volume de sangue retirado para exames, poderá ser benéfica na prevenção da anemia em RNPT com infecção grave.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) in preterm newborns (PTNs) with serious infectious diseases. METHODS: A not randomized case-control study was carried out in 34 preterm newborns with diagnosis of serious infectious pathologies, gestational age up to 35 weeks, birth weight less than 1500 g and clinical stability. Newborns selected for treatment with rHuEpo received 400 U/kg erythropoietin ß, subcutaneously twice a week. Oral iron supplementation was initiated when the levels of serum ferritin were lower than 60 mcg/l. The study was continued for six weeks or until the patient was discharged from the hospital. Erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, thrombocytopoiesis, the need for transfusions and the occurrence of new episodes of infectious disease were analyzed. RESULTS: In the treated group there was a significant increase in the number of reticulocytes, although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to the number or volume of transfusions. There was no significant difference in neutrophils and platelet values. CONCLUSION: The use of rHuEpo, 800 U/kg/week, in PTNs with infectious diseases was effective in inducing erythropoiesis, without significant changes in the number of neutrophils or platelets. This strategy, and the accurate control of the blood collected for laboratory exams, may be beneficial for prevention of the anemia in PTNs with serious infectious diseases.

3540 downloads

A convenient method for the determination of moisture in aromatic plants
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Pimentel, Flávio A.

; Cardoso, Maria das Graças

; Salgado, Ana Paula S. P.

; Aguiar, Priscila M.

; Silva, Vanisse de F.

; Morais, Augusto Ramalho de

; Nelson, David Lee

Química Nova

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apr 2006, Volume 29 N. 2 Pages 373 - 375

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A method is proposed for the determination of the moisture content of aromatic plants. This method is based on the co-distillation of the starting material in a modified Clevenger apparatus with four organic solvents (toluene, cyclohexane, dichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride). The results were compared with those obtained by oven drying at 105 ºC and steam distillation of the essential oil. The efficiencies of the methods were shown to be equivalent. The solvent distillation method was more practical, especially with respect to operating time (2 h).

9779 downloads

Magnetic nanostructures
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AGUIAR, FLAVIO M. DE

; AZEVEDO, ANTONIO

; REZENDE, SERGIO M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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sep 2001, Volume 73 N. 3 Pages 468 - 469

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

936 downloads

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