ABSTRACT Forage-legume systems are a sustainable and competitive alternative for improving pasture yield and quality because of the symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity and high nutritional value of legumes. This study aimed to evaluate the forage mass, nutritional value, and nutrient export rate in three forage systems (FS): FS1, with elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) (EG), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) (AR), and spontaneous growth species (SGS); FS2, with EG + AR + SGS + arrowleaf clover (Trifolum vesiculosum); and FS3, with EG + AR + SGS + forage peanut (Arachis pintoi ). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with three replicates, and repeated measures over time. Results of pre-grazing forage mass were 3.5, 3.8, and 3.9 t/ha, and crude protein export were 1.4, 2.1, and 2.3 t/ha, for the treatments FS1, FS2 and FS3, respectively. Highest crude protein, in situ dry matter digestibility and total digestible nutrients, and lowest neutral detergent fiber were found in the intercropping system with forage peanut, especially in winter. Nutritional values were also better in legume-systems than the non-legume system.

Abstract The immobilization of the enzyme tyrosinase (Tyr) in lipid matrices can be explored to produce biosensors for detecting polyphenols, which is relevant for the food industry. Herein, we shall demonstrate the importance of the lipid composition to immobilize the enzyme tyrosinase in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. Tyr could be incorporated into Langmuir monolayers of arachidic acid (AA), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DPPG), having as the main effect an expansion in the monolayers. Results from polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) pointed to electrostatic interactions between the charged residues of Try and the lipid headgroups, in addition to changes in the order of lipid chains. The interaction between Tyr and DPPC in Langmuir monolayers can be correlated with the superior performance of DPPC/Tyr LB films used as biosensors to detect catechol by cyclic voltammetry. The molecular-level interactions assessed via PM-IRRAS are therefore believed to drive an immobilization process for Tyr in the lipid LB matrix and may serve as a general criterion to identify matrices that preserve enzyme activity.

RESUMO. Na Região Sul do Brasil, uma das grandes limitações da pecuária leiteira é a escassez de forragem que normalmente ocorre no período compreendidio entre o outono e início do inverno. O cultivo de genótipos de trigo de duplo propósito é uma das alternativas para minimizar o impacto da carência de forragem e ainda produzir grãos. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o valor nutritivo de dois genótipos de trigo de duplo propósito (BRS Tarumã e BRS Umbu). O delineamento experimental foi o completamente casualizado, com dois tratamentos (genótipos), três repetições de área e medidas repetidas no tempo (pastejos). Para o pastejo foram utilizadas vacas em lactação da raça Holandesa, recebendo complementação alimentar de 1 kg de concentrado para cada 5 litros de leite. Nos 108 dias experimentais foram conduzidos três ciclos de pastejo. Avaliou-se a composição estrutural do pasto e a extração de nitrogênio da forragem. O valor nutricional foi avaliado quanto aos teores de matéria mineral (MM), matéria orgânica (MO), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), proteína bruta (PB), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), digestibilidade in situ da matéria orgânica (DISMO) e digestibilidade in situ da matéria seca (DISMS). Houve diferença para a FDN (49,03 vs. 46,44%), PB (24,4 vs. 27,4%), DISMO (83,53 vs. 85,45%), DISMS (83,59 vs. 86,65%) e NDT (75,37 vs. 78,39) para os genótipos BRS Umbu e BRS Tarumã, respectivamente. Valores similares foram encontrados para MM (10,34%) e MO (89,66%). O genótipo BRS Umbu apresenta menores participações de lâminas foliares na massa de forragem do pasto e menor extração de nitrogênio da massa de forragem. O genótipo BRS Tarumã apresenta melhores resultados quanto ao valor nutricional da forragem, participação de lâminas foliares e extração de N.

ABSTRACT. In the south of Brazil, one of the major limitations to milk production is the low forage availability during autumn and early winter. The use of dual-purpose wheat genotypes is one alternative to minimize the impact of low forage availability in addition to produce grains. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of two dual-purpose wheat genotypes (BRS Tarumã and BRS Umbu). Structural composition and forage nitrogen uptake were evaluated. The nutritional value of the forage was analyzed for mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) and in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD). Differences in NDF (49.03 vs. 46.44%), CP (24.4 vs. 27.4%), ISOMD (83.53 vs. 85.45%), ISDMD (83.59 vs. 86.65%) and TDN (75.37 vs. 78.39) for BRS Umbu and BRS Tarumã genotypes were detected, respectively. The BRS Umbu genotype had a lower leaf blade proportion and forage nitrogen uptake. The dual-purpose wheat genotype BRS Tarumã was superior in nutritive value.

The analysis of supramolecular arrangement is essential to understand the role of this key factor on the optical and electrical properties of organic thin films. In this work, thin solid films of bis(phenethylimido) perylene (PhPTCD) fabricated using physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique (thermal evaporation), deposited simultaneously onto different substrates (Ag mirror, Ge, and quartz plates) contingent on the characterization technique. The main objective is to study the PhPTCD supramolecular arrangement and the thermal stability of this arrangement in PVD films. The ultraviolet-visible absorption reveals a controlled growth of the PVD films, and the micro-Raman scattering data show that the PhPTCD molecule is not thermally degraded in the conditions of these experiments. The microscopy also shows a homogeneous morphological surface of the PVD film at macro and micro scales, with molecular aggregates at nanoscale. Besides, the PVD film roughness does not follow substrate roughness. The X-ray diffraction indicates a crystalline structure for PhPTCD powder and an amorphous form for PhPTCD PVD film. The infrared absorption spectroscopy points to a preferential flat-on organization of the molecules in the PVD films. In addition, the annealing process (200 ºC for 20 minutes) does not affect the supramolecular arrangement of the PhPTCD PVD films.

ResumoObjetivou-se com esta pesquisa, avaliar o valor nutritivo de pastagens de capim elefante submetidas aos sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional. No sistema convencional, o capim elefante foi plantado em linhas afastadas a cada 1,2m. No sistema orgânico, o capim elefante foi plantado em linhas afastadas a cada 3m; no espaço entre as linhas, no período hibernal, foi semeado o azevém anual e, no período estival, permitiu-se o desenvolvimento de espécies de crescimento espontâneo. Foram utilizados 100kg de N/hacom fertilizantes químico e orgânico (esterco de bovino e chorume de suínos) para os respectivos sistemas de produção. O método de pastejo adotado foi o de lotação rotacionada, com tempo de ocupação de um ou dois dias, utilizando vacas em lactação que receberam complementação alimentar com concentrado à razão de 0,9% do peso corporal. Para a determinação da composição química (matéria mineral, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro) e digestibilidade da forragem, foram retiradas amostras simulando o pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (sistemas forrageiros), com três repetições (piquetes) e com medidas repetidas no tempo (estações do ano). Durante o período experimental, foram conduzidos oito e sete pastejos para os respectivos sistemas. Valores similares foram observados quanto à composição química e digestibilidade do capim elefante em ambos os sistemas. Tanto no sistema orgânico quanto no convencional, o valor nutritivo foi elevado, considerando-se a adubação, manejo e tempo de utilização da pastagem.

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritive value on elephant grass pastures in two production systems. In the conventional system elephant grass was planted in rows 1.2 m apart from each other. In the organic system elephant grass was planted in rows 3 m apart from each other. In the space between alleys, in cool season, annual ryegrass was seeding; allowing the development of spontaneous growing species in the warm season. It was applied 100kg of N/ha with chemical and organic fertilizers (manure of cattle and pig slurry) in the respective pastures. Holstein cows receiving 0.9% of body weight complementary concentrate feed were used. Hand-plucked samples were collected to analyze chemical composition (mineral matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber) and digestibility. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments (systems) three replications (paddocks) with repeated measures (seasons). Eight and seven grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period for respective systems. Similar value was found in the chemical composition and digestibility of elephant grass in both pasture systems. The organic as much as conventional pasture systems showed high nutritive value considering the fertilization, management and utilization time.

Lúpus eritematoso é uma doença auto-imune de etiologia desconhecida, com lesões cutâneovasculares. Tanto o Lúpus Eritematoso Discóide (LED) como o Sistêmico (LES) acometem a pele. Lesões cutâneas visíveis em mulheres jovens podem causar perda de auto estima. No presente estudo procurou-se avaliar e comparar a qualidade de vida em 64 pacientes com LED e LES através de um estudo observacional. Esses pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo 1: LES (n=38); grupo 2: LED (n=26). A seguir aplicou-se o questionário de qualidade de vida - Dermatology Life Quality Índex ou DLQI. Verificou-se que pacientes com LED têm pior qualidade de vida que pacientes com LES Acredita-se que este fato seja gerado pela diferença no espectro de suas lesões.

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology with cutaneous and vascular lesions. Both discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and systemic lupus (SLE) affect the skin. Visible skin lesions in young women can cause loss of self esteem. In the present study we aimed to evaluate and compare the quality of life in SLE and LED through an observational study of 64 patients. These patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: SLE (n = 38); group 2: DLE (n = 26) and then completed the quality of life questionnaire - Dermatology Life Quality Index or DLQI. It was found that patients with DLE have a worse quality of life than patients with SLE. It is believed that this fact is generated by the difference in the spectrum of injuries.

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo foi desenhado para investigar um possível papel para os alelos HLA (histocompatibility leucocyte antigen) de classe I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) em pacientes com hanseníase do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Duzentos e vinte e cinco pacientes com hanseníase e 450 indivíduos para o grupo-controle foram envolvidos nesse estudo. O genótipo HLA foi determinado por protocolos PCR-SSO (One Lambda, USA) e, a frequência desses alelos foi calculada em cada grupo por contagem direta e, após, comparadas. RESULTADOS: Houve associação entre HLA-A*11 (6,9% vs 4,1%; p = 0,0345; OR = 1,72; CI = 1,05 - 2,81), HLA-B*38 (2,7% vs 1,1; p = 0,0402; OR = 2,44; CI 95% = 1,05-5,69), HLA-C*12 (9,4% vs 5,4%; p = 0,01; OR = 1,82; CI 95% = 1,17-2,82) e HLA-C*16 (3,1 vs 6,5%; p = 0,0124; OR = 0,47; CI 95% = 0,26-0,85) e hanseníase per se. Além disso, as frequências de HLA-B*35, HLA-C*04 e HLA-C*07 foram diferentes entre os pacientes com as formas lepromatosa (LL) e tuberculoide (TT). Contudo, após o ajuste para o número de alelos comparados, os valores de p se tornaram não significativos. CONCLUSÕES: Embora nossos resultados não sustentem as conclusões anteriores de que os alelos HLA de classe I desempenham um papel na associação com a patogênese da hanseníase, sugerimos novos estudos devido à importância da associação entre HLA e KIR na resposta imune inata à hanseníase.

INTRODUCTION: The present study was designed to investigate a possible role of HLA (histocompatibility leucocyte antigen) class-I alleles (HLA-A, -B, and -C) in leprosy patients from Southern Brazil. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five patients with leprosy and 450 individuals for the control group were involved in this research. HLA genotyping was performed through PCR-SSO protocols (One Lambda, USA); the frequency of these alleles was calculated in each group by direct counting, and the frequencies were then compared. RESULTS: There was an association between HLA-A*11 (6.9% vs 4.1%, p=0.0345, OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.05-2.81), HLA-B*38 (2.7% vs. 1.1%, p=0.0402, OR=2.44, 95% CI=1.05-5.69), HLA-C*12 (9.4% vs. 5.4%, p=0.01, OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.17-2.82), and HLA-C*16 (3.1% vs. 6.5%, p=0.0124, OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.26-0.85) and leprosy per se. In addition, HLA-B*35, HLA-C*04, and HLA-C*07 frequencies were different between lepromatous (LL) and tuberculoid (TT) patients. However, after adjusting for the number of alleles compared, Pc values became nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Although our results do not support the previous findings that HLA class-I alleles play a role in leprosy pathogenesis, we suggest new studies because of the importance of the association between the HLA and KIR in the innate immune response to leprosy.

This review deals with surface-enhancved Raman scattering (SERS) employing Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, which serve as model systems for developing theoretical and experimental studies to elucidate the SERS effect. In addition, LB films have be used as integral parts of molecular architectures for SERS-active substrates. On the other hand, SERS and surface-enhaced resonant Raman scattering (SERRS) have allowed various properties of LB films to be investigated, especially those associated with molecular-level interactions. In the paper, emphasis is placed on single molecule detection (SMD), where the target molecule is diluted on an LB matrix of spectral silent material (low Raman cross section). The perspectives and challenges for combining SERS and LB films are also discussed.

A hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa crônica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. Enquanto muitos indivíduos contaminados com o bacilo não apresentam sintomas, outros manifestam formas clínicas distintas. No início, a forma Indeterminada pode se manifestar e evoluir para as forma polares: Hanseníase Virchowiana (HV) ou Hanseníase Tuberculoide (HT). HV representa o pólo onde a resposta imune celular é deficiente e a carga bacilar bastante grande, enquanto HT se caracteriza pela melhor resposta imune celular e controle da carga bacilar. Uma forma com características intermediárias entre os dois pólos também pode ocorrer: Dimorfa ou Borderline. Existem muitos fatores que podem influenciar o desenvolvimento da doença e sua evolução, entre eles, a genética do hospedeiro. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar os mais recentes estudos sobre a influência da genética do hospedeiro na imunopatogênese da hanseníase.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae. While many infected individuals with the bacillus do not present symptoms, others manifest different clinical forms of the disease. In beginning, the undetermined form may manifest and evolutes to pole forms: Lepromatous Leprosy (LL) or Tuberculoid Leprosy (TL). LL represents the pole where the cellular immune response is deficient and the bacillary load is high, while TL is characterized by the best cellular immune response to and control of the bacillary load. One form with intermediate characteristics between the two poles may also occur: Borderline. There are many factors that influence the development of the disease and its evolution, among than, genetic factors of the host. The main of this revision is to present the most recent studies on host-genetic influences on leprosy immunopathogenesis.