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Hematological problems are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respiratory impairment is the higher point studied, although without experimental studies related to the oxygen transport performed by erythrocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate if erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients have their functionality changed. The case-control study included hospitalized patients with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result admitted to University Hospital. Volunteers (negative RT-PCR results) were recruited as a control group. Thus, we assessed different erythrocytes parameters, oxidative stress markers, and biophysical studies using whole blood and isolated hemoglobin. We found a decrease of 51% in oxygen uptake and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Raman spectrometry showed structural changes in the hemoglobin and lipids of the erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients; thus, these results were consolidated with an increase in Young’s modulus in erythrocytes followed by morphology changes. Besides, isolated hemoglobin from COVID-19 patients has a distinct interaction profile using a ligand model compared to the control. COVID-19 leads to structural, functional, and morphological damage to human erythrocytes. Our data showed structural and molecular changes and induction of oxidative stress in erythrocytes by COVID-19, a new perspective on the contribution of erythrocytes to a respiratory commitment in COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230031

Rise and fall of household food security in Brazil, 2004 to 2022
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Salles-Costa, Rosana

; Segall-Corrêa, Ana Maria

; Alexandre-Weiss, Veruska Prado

; Pasquim, Elaine Martins

; Paula, Nilson Maciel de

; Lignani, Juliana de Bem

; Grossi, Mauro Eduardo Del

; Zimmermann, Silvia Aparecida

; Medeiros, Maria Angélica Tavares de

; Santos, Sandra Maria Chaves dos

; Maluf, Renato S.

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 39 N. 1 elocation e00191122

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen191122

How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity
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Machado, Fabrizio M.

; Miranda, Marcel S.

; Salvador, Rodrigo B.

; Pimenta, Alexandre D.

; Côrtes, Mariana O.

; Gomes, Jaime A.J.

; Miyahira, Igor C.

; Agudo-Padrón, Ignacio

; Oliveira, Cléo D.C.

; Caetano, Carlos H.S.

; Coelho, Paulo R.S.

; D’Ávila, Sthefane

; Arruda, Eliane P. de

; Almeida, Sérgio M. de

; Gomes, Suzete R.

; Alvim, Juliana

; Galvão-Filho, Hilton

; L. Ferreira-Júnior, Augusto

; Marques, Rodrigo C.

; Martins, Inês

; Souza, Leonardo S. de

; Arruda, Janine O.

; Cavallari, Daniel C.

; Santos, Sonia B. dos

; Pedro, Natan C.

; Salles, Anna C. de A.

; Dornellas, Ana P.S.

; Lima, Tarcilla C. de

; Amaral, Vanessa S. do

; Silva, Fernanda S.

; Passos, Flávio D.

; Thiengo, Silvana S.

; Leite, Tatiana S.

; Simone, Luiz R.L.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2023, Volume 40 elocation e23026

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Rise and fall of household food security in Brazil, 2004 to 2022
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Salles-Costa, Rosana

; Segall-Corrêa, Ana Maria

; Alexandre-Weiss, Veruska Prado

; Pasquim, Elaine Martins

; Paula, Nilson Maciel de

; Lignani, Juliana de Bem

; Grossi, Mauro Eduardo Del

; Zimmermann, Silvia Aparecida

; Medeiros, Maria Angélica Tavares de

; Santos, Sandra Maria Chaves dos

; Maluf, Renato S.

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 39 N. 1 elocation e00191122

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen191122

Vagal indigestion in mini-cattle
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Ferreira, Lucas V.O.

; Lourenço, Maria L.G.

; Takahira, Regina K.

; Alonso, Juliana M.

; Oliveira-Filho, José P.

; Borges, Alexandre S.

; Chiacchio, Simone B.

; Amorim, Rogério M.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 43 elocation e07240

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: Vagal indigestion (VI) is a digestive disorder characterized by the dysfunction of the vagus nerve. This disorder leads to changes in forestomach motility. The causes of VI are varied. Failure to transport digestive contents may occur due to mechanical obstruction or a neurogenic origin. There are few reports in the literature regarding this disease in mini-cattle. These cattle seem to be predisposed to the development of VI. The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic aspects of mini-cattle diagnosed with VI. The medical records of nine mini-cattle diagnosed with VI were retrospectively reviewed. Mini-cattle were referred to the Large Animal Hospital in Botucatu, Brazil, from 2002 to 2021. It was observed that VI affected young mini-cattle. The predominant clinical manifestations were intermittent gas ruminoreticular tympanism with increased volume in the left paralumbar fossa and increased volume in the right ventral region (apple/pear aspect), hypomotility in ruminal auscultation and the presence of pasty stools. The mean heart rate of the animals was 75 beats per minute. In one case, bradycardia was observed by electrocardiogram and Holter monitor system. In this case, the predominance of parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system was observed. The main hematological findings were leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. The therapeutic approach included ruminal fistulation and the implantation of a permanent rumen cannula. All animals undergoing the procedure were discharged with daily care instructions.

RESUMO: A indigestão vagal (IV) é um distúrbio digestivo caracterizado pela disfunção do nervo vago. Esse distúrbio leva a alterações na motilidade dos pré-estômagos. As causas da IV são variadas. A falha no transporte do conteúdo digestivo pode ocorrer por obstrução mecânica ou pode ser de origem neurogênica. Há poucos relatos na literatura a respeito dessa enfermidade em mini-bovinos. Esses bovinos parecem estar predispostos ao desenvolvimento de IV. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, laboratoriais e eletrocardiográficos de mini-bovinos diagnosticados com IV. Os prontuários de nove mini-bovinos diagnosticados com IV foram revisados retrospectivamente. Os mini-bovinos foram encaminhados ao Hospital de Grandes Animais de Botucatu, Brasil, de 2002 a 2021. Observou-se que a IV acometeu mini-bovinos jovens. As manifestações clínicas predominantes foram timpanismo ruminoreticular gasoso intermitente com aumento de volume na fossa paralombar esquerda e aumento de volume na região ventral direita (aspecto maçã/pêra), hipomotilidade na ausculta ruminal e presença de fezes pastosas. A frequência cardíaca média dos animais foi de 75 batimentos por minuto. Em um caso, foi observada bradicardia por meio do eletrocardiograma e do sistema Holter. Neste caso observou-se a predominância da atividade parassimpática do sistema nervoso autônomo. Os principais achados hematológicos foram leucocitose e linfocitose. A abordagem terapêutica incluiu fistulação ruminal e implante de cânula ruminal permanente. Todos os animais submetidos ao procedimento receberam alta hospitalar com orientações de cuidados diários.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7240

Avaliação de diferentes tempos de trânsito do meio de contraste intravascular em exames de tomografia computadorizada coronariana
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Borges, Raquel Rodrigues

; Morato, Tiago Nóbrega

; Bezerra, Alexandre Sérgio de Araujo

; Dias, Bruna Arrais

; Reinaux, Juliana Cavalcanti de Freitas

; Monte, Guilherme Urpia

; Farage, Luciano

Radiologia Brasileira

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may 2022, Volume 55 N. 3 Pages 161 - 166

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Mensurar os tempos de trânsito de contraste (TTCs) entre o sítio de injeção em veia antecubital e a veia cava superior, tronco arterial pulmonar e aorta ascendente em exames de tomografia computadorizada de artérias coronárias de pacientes sem história de doenças cardiovasculares ou pulmonares, definindo padrões de normalidade para esses tempos de circulação. Materiais e Métodos: Os TTCs entre o sítio de injeção e a veia cava superior, tronco arterial pulmonar e aorta ascendente foram medidos com base nas imagens de monitoração (bolus tracking). O débito cardíaco foi calculado com base nas imagens de angiotomografia computadorizada pelo método geométrico e correlacionado com os TTCs. Resultados: Foram analisados 43 pacientes. O TTC médio entre o tronco arterial pulmonar e a aorta ascendente foi de 7,2 s, entre a veia cava superior e o tronco arterial pulmonar foi de 3 s e entre a veia antecubital e a aorta ascendente foi de 13 s. Houve tendência a correlação entre o TTC e o débito cardíaco, com valor de p de 0,055. Conclusão: Os valores de normalidade do TTC entre a veia cava superior, tronco arterial pulmonar e aorta ascendente foram estabelecidos, servindo de base para avaliação clínica.

Abstract Objective: To measure the transit times (TTs) of contrast agents among the injection site (antecubital vein), superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, and ascending aorta, in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) examinations of outpatients with no history of cardiovascular or lung disease, thus defining reference values for those TTs. Materials and Methods: The contrast TTs from the injection site (antecubital vein) to the superior vena cava, from the superior vena cava to the pulmonary trunk, and from the pulmonary trunk to the ascending aorta were measured by monitoring contrast enhancement in real time (bolus tracking). Cardiac output was measured by the geometric method during the CTA examination and was correlated with the contrast TT. Results: Forty-three individuals were analyzed. The mean contrast TT was 13.1 s overall (from the antecubital vein to the ascending aorta), 3.0 s from the superior vena cava to the pulmonary trunk, and 7.2 s from the pulmonary trunk to the ascending aorta. There was a tendency toward a correlation between contrast TT and cardiac output (p = 0.055). Conclusion: The reference values established here for contrast TTs among the superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, and ascending aorta will serve as a basis for clinical evaluation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2021.0063

Agronomic traits and chemical composition of forage sorghum plants fertilized with poultry litter and fermentative profile of silages
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Lucena, Nagnaldo T.

; Santos, Edson M.

; Oliveira, Juliana S.

; Perazzo, Alexandre F.

; Cruz, Gabriel F.L.

; Pereira, Danillo M.

; Pereira, Gildênia A.

; Macêdo, Alberto J.S.

; Ramos, Rosângela C.S.

; Nogueira, Messias S.

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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dec 2021, Volume 81 N. 4 Pages 575 - 584

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT It is essential to determine the productive potential and quality of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) silages using alternative and organic inputs, such as poultry litter (PL), intending to higher efficiency, and sustainable development of animal production systems in the world. Poultry litter fertilization has been widely used in crops for silage production, where it is believed that fertilization with PL can influence the fermentation profile and composition of forage sorghum silages. The objective of this study was to evaluate different levels of fertilization with PL on the agronomic and quality characteristics of forage sorghum silage ‘BRS Ponta Negra’. For determination of agronomic and productive characteristics, randomized blocks design was adopted, the treatments were different PL levels: 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha-1. While for the evaluation of silage characteristics, the design was completely randomized. With fertilizer doses, a linear increase was observed for plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and consequently for fresh and DM productions. Linear reduction was observed for neutral detergent fiber, while crude protein and pH contents of silages increased linearly with PL levels. Quadratic effect occurred for gas and effluent losses. Poultry litter may be an alternative source to supply the N needs in the production of sorghum for silage under experimental similar conditions. Associating productivity with cultivation efficiency, the PL level 13.46 Mg ha-1 is recommended for presenting the highest N agronomic efficiency and good nutritional quality of the silage.

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Clinical findings of equine leukoencephalomalacia
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Albertino, Lukas G.

; Dias, Natália M.

; Moreira, Juliana J.

; Oliveira-Filho, José P.

; Takahira, Regina K.

; Laufer-Amorim, Renée

; Borges, Alexandre S.

; Amorim, Rogério M.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2021, Volume 41 elocation e06912

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A leucoencefalomalácia (LEM) é uma enfermidade que acomete equídeos causada pela ingestão de milho e seus derivados e feno contaminados pela micotoxina fumonisina, um metabólito do fungo Fusarium verticillioides (sinônimo para F. moniliforme). Os sinais clínicos apresentam início agudo e evolução rápida e são decorrentes de lesões encefálicas. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os achados clínicos de 11 equídeos diagnosticados com LEM, incluindo a análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR). 91% dos animais afetados eram equinos e somente 9% (1/11) era asinino. A localização clínica das lesões era 64% (7/10) cerebrais, manifestadas por alterações no estado mental e comportamento e 36% (4/10) no tronco encefálico, manifestadas por incoordenação, desvio lateral de cabeça, nistagmo, hipoalgesia da face e dificuldade de apreensão, mastigação e deglutição de alimentos. Comparativamente, os achados post mortem revelaram que 82% (9/11) das lesões eram no cérebro e 18% (2/11) no tronco encefálico. Alterações no LCR, tais como xantocromia (43%, 3/7), hiperproteinorraquia (50%, 3/6) e pleocitose (43%, 3/7), foram observadas. Os animais afetados apresentaram sinais clínicos compatíveis com lesões encefálicas e/ou de tronco cerebral. O LCR de animais com LEM pode apresentar xantocromia, hiperproteinorraquia, e pleocitose, reforçando que esta doença deve ser incluída como diagnóstico diferencial de encefalomielites.

ABSTRACT: Equine leukoencephalomalacia (LEM) is a disease caused by the ingestion of food, especially corn, contaminated by fumonisin, a Fusarium verticillioides (synonymous with F. moniliforme) metabolite. The clinical signs of brain injuries have an acute onset and rapid evolution. This study aimed to describe the clinical findings in 11 animals diagnosed with LEM, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Of these animals, 91% (10/11) were horses, and only 9% (1/11) were asinine. The clinical localization of the lesions was 64% (7/10) cerebral, manifested mainly by altered mental state and behavioral disturbance, and 36% (4/11) were brainstem lesions, manifested by incoordination, head tilt, nystagmus, facial hypoalgesia, difficulty in apprehension, chewing, and swallowing food. Postmortem findings revealed that 82% (9/11) of the lesions were in the cerebrum and 18% (2/11) in the brainstem. CSF findings, such as xanthochromia (43%, 3/7), hyperproteinorrachia (50%, 3/6), and pleocytosis (43%, 3/7) were observed. The affected animals showed neurological signs that were compatible with cerebral and/or brainstem injuries. The CSF from animals with LEM may present with xanthochromia, hyperproteinorrachia, and pleocytosis, reinforcing the fact that this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of encephalomyelopathies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6912 44 downloads

200.000 IU of vitamin D does not reduce resting Blood Pressure and Inhibit Post-Exercise Hypotension in elderly women: a pilot study
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GONÇALVES, MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO R.

; MIRANDA NETO, MANOEL

; CAVALCANTE, ISA G.M.

; SEBADELHE, VITTÓRIA R.R.J.

; SOUZA, MICHELE F. De

; NEVES, JULIANA P.R.

; SOUZA, FLAVIA T.L. DE

; TAVARES, RENATA L.

; COSTA, MATHEUS S.

; SILVA, ALEXANDRE S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 N. 1 elocation e20190227

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Given the scarcity of studies with elderly and the existence of studies investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation in PEH (post exercise hypotension), this study evaluated the effect of a single megadose of vitamin D on resting blood pressure (RBP) and post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in the elderly. 11 hypertensive elderly women (70.3 ± 1.7 years) received a single megadose of 200.000 IU of cholecalciferol or a placebo, orally, through capsules. On day 7, the subjects performed 30 minutes of aerobic exercise with blood pressure measurement before exercise and every 10 minutes after exercise during 60 minutes, besides cardiac autonomic modulation. RBP did not significantly change. Exercise promoted significant systolic PEH only in one moment post exercise in treated group and in the placebo group promoted significant systolic PEH at four moments. Significant diastolic PEH did not occur in any of the groups. Sympathovagal activity increased at post exercise balance in supplemented subjects at 20 min, 40 min, 50 min and 60 min when compared to rest; this increase was not observed in the placebo. A megadose of vitamin D did not reduce RBP, promoted partial inhibition of systolic PEH and increased sympathovagal balance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020190227 1055 downloads

10.

Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Oxolinic Acid in Water Sample
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Aleixo, Herbert

; Okumura, Leonardo L.

; Silva, Astréa F. S.

; Gurgel, Alexandre

; Diniz, Juliana A.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jul 2018, Volume 29 N. 7 Pages 1417 - 1426

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

One new methodology for analysis of the antimicrobial oxolinic acid (OXA) based on adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) in carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed and applied in untreated pond water sample. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicated that an irreversible anodic process occurs in KOH solution as supporting electrolyte. Quantification of the antimicrobial was carried out by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) at potential of deposition (ED) +1.05 V for 45 s to examine OXA adsorption on the surface of CPE. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the method for OXA analysis were determined. The values of LOD were 0.0570 and 0.512 mg L-1 in absence of matrix and in the water sample, respectively, and the corresponding values of LOQ were 0.192 and 1.707 mg L-1, respectively. The apparent recovery percentage for different concentrations of OXA in natural waters ranged between 98.4 and 109%.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180004 661 downloads

11.

Molecular evidence of two cryptic species of Stramonita (Mollusca, Muricidae) in the southeastern Atlantic coast of Brazil
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De Biasi, Juliana Beltramin

; Tomás, Acácio Ribeiro Gomes

; Hilsdorf, Alexandre Wagner Silva

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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sep 2016, Volume 39 N. 3 Pages 392 - 397

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Snails of the genus Stramonita are commonly found in the rocky intertidal habitat of the western Atlantic Ocean coast. They belong to a monophyletic taxon that occurs along the tropical and warm-temperate Atlantic and eastern Pacific rocky shores. This genus comprises different valid species and members of the S. haemastoma complex. In the present study, samples of Stramonita were collected from three different regions of southeastern Brazil. Partial sequences of two mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rRNA, were used to compare nucleotides sequences between Stramonita specimens. Levels of nucleotide divergence greater than 2% across the three sampled regions were used for differentiation at the species level. One of the identified species was S. brasiliensis, which has recently been described by molecular analysis; the other species may represent S. haemastoma, not yet described in the southeastern Brazilian coast.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2015-0199 1582 downloads

12.

Bats (mammalia: chiroptera) from the caatinga scrublands of the crateus region, northeastern Brazil, with new records for the state of Ceará
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da Silva, Shirley S. P

; Dias, Daniela

; Martins, Mayara A

; Guedes, Patrícia G

; de Almeida, Juliana C

; da Cruz, Alexandre P

; Serra-Freire, Nicolau M

; Damascena, Joyce dos S

; Peracchi, Adriano L

Mastozoología neotropical

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dec 2015, Volume 22 N. 2 Pages 335 - 348

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Embora inventários da quiropterofauna estejam disponíveis para algumas localidades do Nordeste brasileiro, os estudos em área de caatinga arbustiva ainda são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento e atualização da quiropterofauna em uma área de caatinga arbustiva na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN Serra das Almas), localizada no Planalto da Ibiapaba, estado do Ceará. A assembleia de morcegos da Reserva foi inventariada em julho de 2012 (período chuvoso) e janeiro de 2013 (período seco), totalizando 19 noites de amostragem. Um total de 347 indivíduos de 23 espécies e seis famílias foi capturado. A quiropterofauna é caracterizada por uma dominância de poucas espécies mais abundantes, particularmente filostomídeos frugívoros, e várias outras menos abundantes, o que é freqüente em inventários com redes armadas ao nível do solo. Tonatia saurophila e Chiroderma vizottoi, essa última recentemente descrita e conhecida apenas da localidade tipo, são registradas pela primeira vez no Ceará, onde 66 espécies de morcegos estão agora registradas.

Whereas surveys of the bat fauna are available for some localities in the Brazilian Northeast, studies in the caatinga scrublands are still limited. The aim of this study was to survey the bat fauna in an area of caatinga scrublands in the Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN Serra das Almas), which is located on the Ibiapaba Plateau, State of Ceará. The bat assemblage of the reserve was surveyed in July 2012 (rainy season), and January 2013 (dry season), with a total of 19 sampling nights. We captured 347 individuals of 23 species representing six families. The bat fauna was characterized by the predominance of a few abundant species, in particular phyllostomid frugivores, and many rare species, which is frequent in studies based on mist nets at ground level. The first records of Tonatia saurophila and Chiroderma vizottoi (recently described and known only from its type locality) are reported for the State of Ceará, where 66 bat species are now known to occur.

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13.

Armazenamento de grãos residuais de urucum sob atmosfera controlada
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Brito, Juliana G. de

; Queiroz, Alexandre J. de M.

; Figueirêdo, Rossana M. F. de

; Oliveira, Arali da S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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dec 2015, Volume 19 N. 12 Pages 1185 - 1191

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Neste trabalho avaliou-se a estabilidade de grãos residuais de urucum acondicionados em embalagens flexíveis laminadas durante 90 dias de armazenamento em condições controladas de temperatura (25 e 40 °C) e umidades relativas (55 e 83%). As amostras foram analisadas a cada 15 dias, por meio da análise do teor de água, atividade de água, pH, acidez titulável, cor (luminosidade, intensidade de vermelho e intensidade de amarelo) proteína bruta, amido e bixina. Observou-se, no decorrer dos tempos de armazenamento, que as embalagens não evitaram a absorção de água acarretando em aumentos do teor de água (42,62; 43,06; 41,78 e 42,90%), atividade de água (6,39; 6,94; 5,97 e 6,94%), acidez titulável (12,28; 13,79; 9,09 e 13,79%) e luminosidade (4,48; 12,18; 4,73; 4,91%) e ocorreram reduções na intensidade de vermelho (8,19; 7,77; 4,66 e 7,93%), pH (9,21; 8,56; 12,44 e 18,12) e bixina (51,72;56,32; 57,47 e 55,17%) respectivamente, para as seguintes combinações de umidades relativas e temperaturas (55% e 25 ou 40 °C; 85% e 25 ou 40 °C).

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the stability of residual annatto beans packed in flexible laminated packaging during 90 days of storage under controlled temperature conditions (25 and 40 °C) and relative humidity (55 to 83%). Samples were analysed every 15 days, for analyzing the moisture content, water activity, pH, acidity, color (brightness, redness and yellowness), protein, starch and bixin. It was observed during the storage time of the packaging did not prevent the absorption of water leading to increases in moisture content (42.62; 43.06; 41.78 and 42.90%), water activity (6.39; 6.94; 5.97 and 6.94%), titratable acidity (12.28; 13.79; 13.79 and 9.09%), and brightness (4.48; 12.18; 4.73 and 4.91%) occurred reductions in redness (8.19; 7.77; 4.66 and 7.93%), pH (9.21; 8.56; 12.44 and 18.12%) and bixin (51.72; 56.32; 57.47 and 55.17%), respectively, for the following combinations of relative humidity and temperature (55% and 25 or 40 °C, 85% and 25 or 40 °C).

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n12p1185-1191 1884 downloads

14.

Genetic structuring of Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850 (Teleostei: Characiformes) in the rio Paraná basin as revealed by microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers
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Silva, Juliana Viana da

; Hallerman, Eric M.

; Orfão, Laura Helena

; Hilsdorf, Alexandre Wagner Silva

Neotropical Ichthyology

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sep 2015, Volume 13 N. 3 Pages 547 - 556

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A variabilidade genética de Salminus hilarii foi avaliada por lócus microssatélites e sequências D-Loop do DNA mitocondrial em quatro populações da região da bacia do Alto Paraná. A diversidade genética - medida pela heterozigosidade média (0,904) e número de alelos médios das populações (13,7) - foi razoavelmente alta. A diferenciação das frequências alélicas entre as populações foi baixa, mas significativa pela AMOVA Φ ST (0,0192), e alta pelo D EST (0,185). A variação mitocondrial foi alta com uma diversidade haplotípica de 0,950 e uma diversidade nucleotídica de 0,011. Estimativas de diferenciação populacional baseadas no DNA mitocondrial foram altas, com um valor global de Φ ST de 0,173. Os resultados dos testes da variação nuclear e mitocondrial demonstram nenhuma inequívoca inferência histórica de contração e expansão demográfica. A diferenciação genética observada entre as populações de S. hilarii no rio Grande pode ter sido causada pela combinação de diferenciação histórica e interrupção recente do fluxo gênico causada pela construção de barragens seguida por um isolamento reprodutivo de populações em tributários de médio porte dos respectivos reservatórios. Nós apresentamos uma amostragem mais ampla e intensiva de populações de S. hilarii ao longo da bacia do alto rio Paraná para se efetivamente distinguir se a diferenciação genética das populações encontrada é histórica ou contemporânea.

Genetic variation of Salminus hilarii was assessed by screening microsatellite loci and mitochondrial D-loop DNA across four sampling in the upper rio Paraná basin of Brazil. Genetic diversity - measured as mean expected heterozygosity (0.904) and mean number of alleles across populations (13.7) - was reasonably high. Differentiation of microsatellite allele frequencies among populations was shown to be low but significant by AMOVA Φ ST (0.0192), and high by D EST (0.185). D-loop variation was high, with haplotypic diversity of 0.950 and nucleotide diversity of 0.011. Mitochondrial DNA-based estimates for population differentiation were high, with an overall Φ ST of 0.173. The results of tests of nuclear and mitochondrial variation yielded no unequivocal inference of historical demographic bottleneck or expansion. Genetic differentiation observed among S. hilarii populations in the rio Grande may be caused by a combination of historical differentiation and recent gene-flow disruption caused by the dams followed by reproduction of isolated spawning assemblages in mid-sized tributaries of the respective reservoirs. We present spatially more intensive sampling of S. hilarii populations across the rio Paraná basin in order to more effectively distinguish between historical and contemporary differentiation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20150015 2731 downloads

15.

Estabilidade da polpa do Cereus jamacaru em pó durante o armazenamento
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Oliveira, Arali da S.

; Figueirêdo, Rossana M. F. de

; Queiroz, Alexandre J. de M.

; Brito, Juliana G. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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feb 2015, Volume 19 N. 2 Pages 147 - 153

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste trabalho se avaliou a estabilidade do fruto do mandacaru em pó formulado com 10% de maltodextrina nas dextroses equivalentes (DE) de 10 e 14, acondicionado em embalagens laminadas durante 50 dias de armazenamento em condições controladas (25 ºC e umidade relativa de 57,7%). Durante o armazenamento foram realizadas, a cada 10 dias, as análises do teor de água, atividade de água, acidez total titulável, ácido ascórbico, cor e molhabilidade. Verificou-se que as embalagens laminadas não conseguiram impedir a absorção de água com escurecimento do produto. A atividade de água das amostras é considerada microbiologicamente segura em razão de ter atingido o valor máximo de 0,351. A molhabilidade do fruto em pó foi maior utilizando-se a maltodextrina com DE 14 com redução do teor de ácido ascórbico. Dentro de suas especificidades as dextroses apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes nas amostras em pó.

In this study the stability of the Cereus jamacaru pulp fruit powder formulated with 10% maltodextrin, with equivalent dextrose (DE) of 10 and 14, packed in laminated packages during 50 days of storage under controlled conditions (25 °C and relative humidity of 57.7%) was evaluated. During storage at interval of 10 days analysis of moisture content, water activity, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, color and wettability were performed. It was found that the laminated packaging failed to prevent the absorption of water with darkening of product. The water activity of the samples is considered microbiologically safe, because reached the maximum value of 0.351. The wettability of the fruit powder was higher using maltodextrin with DE 14 with reduction in the ascorbic acid content. The dextroses within their specificities showed similar behavior in powder samples.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n2p147-153 2481 downloads

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