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1.
Long-term oncological and surgical outcomes after Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL) in patients with penile cancer
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Tobias-Machado, Marcos
; Ornellas, Antonio A.
; Hidaka, Alexandre K.
; Medina, Luis G.
; Mattos, Pablo A. L.
; Besio, Ruben S.
; Abreu, Diego
; Castro, Pedro R.
; Nishimoto, Ricardo H.
; Astigueta, Juan
; Dourado, Aurus
; Machado, Roberto D.
; Magnabosco, Wesley J.
; Corona-Montes, Victor
; Villoldo, Gustavo M.
; Zampolli, Hamilton C.
; Taha, Anis
; Auad, Pericles R.
; Faria, Eliney F.
; Arantes, Paulo B. O.
; Tavares, Alessandro
; Nascimento, Francisco S. M. S.
; Brazão Jr., Eder S.
; Rocha, Maurício M.
; Costa, Walter H.
; Panico, Vinicius
; Reis, Leonardo O.
; Almeida-Carrera, Roberto J.
; Silva, Rafael C.
; Zequi, Stênio C.
; Calixto, José R. R.
; Sotelo, Rene
.
ABSTRACT Objective: To report outcomes from the largest multicenter series of penile cancer patients undergoing video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL). Materials and Methods: Retrospective multicenter analysis. Authors of 21 centers from the Penile Cancer Collaborative Coalition-Latin America (PeC-LA) were included. All centers performed the procedure following the same previously described standardized technique. Inclusion criteria included penile cancer patients with no palpable lymph nodes and intermediate/high-risk disease and those with non-fixed palpable lymph nodes less than 4 cm in diameter. Categorical variables are shown as percentages and frequencies whereas continuous variables as mean and range. Results: From 2006 to 2020, 210 VEIL procedures were performed in 105 patients. Mean age was 58 (45-68) years old. Mean operative time was 90 minutes (60-120). Mean lymph node yield was 10 nodes (6-16). Complication rate was 15.7%, including severe complications in 1.9% of procedures. Lymphatic and skin complications were noted in 8.6 and 4.8% of patients, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed lymph node involvement in 26.7% of patients with non-palpable nodes. Inguinal recurrence was observed in 2.8% of patients. 10y- overall survival was 74.2% and 10-y cancer specific survival was 84.8%. CSS for pN0, pN1, pN2 and pN3 were 100%, 82.4%, 72.7% and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion: VEIL seems to offer appropriate long term oncological control with minimal morbidity. In the absence of non-invasive stratification measures such as dynamic sentinel node biopsy, VEIL emerged as the alternative for the management of non-bulky lymph nodes in penile cancer.
2.
Analysis of the Influence Of Friction Stir Welding on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloy UNS-C27200 (CU-ZN)
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Rosa, Renato F.
; Almeida, Italo O.
; Varasquim, Francisco M. F. A.
; Junior, Eli J. C.
; Couto, Antônio A.
; Santos, Vinicius T.
; Silva, Márcio R.
; Nakamoto, Francisco Y.
; Santos, Givanildo A.
.
The copper alloy UNS-C27200 is a binary brass, composed of 38wt%Zn, beeing one of the most used in the industry. The union of Cu-Zn alloys by conventional welding by fusion in thin plates presents several challenges. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process performs the union of two, or more materials, through a rotating tool that travels throughout the welding region. One the great advantages of FSW is working below the melting point of the material, which reduces the change in the microstructure and properties of the material, when compared to conventional welding processes. Due to the lack of research on FSW process in lap brass joints with thin thicknesses, the present work aims to expand these studies in order to contribute to future research. Eight conditions were evaluated, varying rotation and welding speed. In the best results by visual inspection, analyzes of microstructure, temperature, microhardness and mechanical strength were performed. The better welding results were obtained with ω=1050 rpm and ν=20 mm/min. There was reduction of approximately 50% between Stir Zone and Base metal. The mechanical strength was affected by the pin hole resulting from the process. The microstructure revealed a homogeneous mixture in the stir zone and no defects were detected.
3.
Purification, biochemical characterization of a lectin from marine sponge Ircinia strobilina and its effect on the inhibition of bacterial biofilms
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ALMEIDA, ALEXANDRA S. DE
; MENDONÇA, DAYARA N.M.
; CARNEIRO, RÔMULO F.
; PINHEIRO, ULISSES
; NASCIMENTO, ELIELTON FRANCISCO DO
; ANDRADE, ALEXANDRE L.
; VASCONCELOS, MAYRON A. DE
; TEIXEIRA, EDSON H.
; NAGANO, CELSO S.
; SAMPAIO, ALEXANDRE H.
.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
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Abstract A new lectin from marine sponge Ircinia strobilina, denominated IsL, was isolated by combination of affinity chromatography in Guar gum matrix followed by size exclusion chromatography. IsL was able to agglutinate native and enzymatically treated rabbit erythrocytes, being inhibited by galactosides, such as α-methyl-D-galactopyranoside, β-methyl-D-galactopyranoside and α-lactose. IsL hemagglutinating activity was stable at neutral to alkaline pH, however the lectin loses its activity at 40° C. The molecular mass determinated by mass spectrometry was 13.655 ± 5 Da. Approximately 40% of the primary structure of IsL was determined by mass spectrometry, but no similarity was observed with any protein. The secondary structure of IsL consists of 28% α-helix, 26% β-sheet, and 46% random region, as determined by dichroism circular. IsL was a calcium-dependent lectin, but no significant variations were observed by circular dichroism when IsL was incubated in presence of calcium and EDTA. IsL was not toxic against Artemia nauplii and did not have antimicrobial activity against bacterial cells. However, the IsL was able to significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
4.
[SciELO Preprints] - Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology on Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy
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Marin-Neto, José Antonio
Rassi Jr., Anis
Moraes Oliveira, Gláucia M.
Lemos Correia, Luís Claudio
Novaes Ramos Jr., Alberto
Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel
Luquetti Ostermayer, Alejandro
Sousa, Andréa Silvestre de
Amato Vincenzo de Paola, Angelo
Sobral de Sousa, Antonio Carlos
Pinho Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz
Correia Filho, Dalmo
Moraes de Souza, Dilma do Socorro
Cunha-Neto, Edecio
J. A. Ramires, Felix
Bacal, Fernando
Pereira Nunes, Maria do Carmo
Martinelli Filho, Martino
Ibrahim Scanavacca, Maurício
Magalhães Saraiva, Roberto
Alves de Oliveira Júnior, Wilson
M. Lorga-Filho, Adalberto
de Jesus Benevides de Almeida Guimarães, Adriana
Lopes Latado Braga, Adriana
Sarmento de Oliveira, Adriana
V. L. Sarabanda, Alvaro
Yecê das Neves Pinto, Ana
Assis Lopes do Carmo, André
Schmidt, André
Costa, Andréa Rodrigues da
Ianni, Barbara Maria
Markman Filho, Brivaldo
Eduardo Rochitte, Carlos
Thé Macedo, Carolina
Mady, Charles
Chevillard, Christophe
Bittencourt das Virgens, Cláudio Marcelo
Nery de Castro, Cleudson
De Paoli de Carvalho Britto, Constança Felícia
Pisani, Cristiano
do Carmo Rassi, Daniela
C. Sobral Filho, Dario
Rodrigues Almeida, Dirceu
A. Bocchi, Edimar
T. Mesquita, Evandro
de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes, Fernanda
Pereira, Francisca Tatiana
Sperandio da Silva, Gilberto Marcelo
de Lima Peixoto, Giselle
Glotz de Lima, Gustavo
H. Veloso, Henrique
Turin Moreira, Henrique
Bellotti Lopes, Hugo
Masciarelli Francisco Pinto, Ibraim
Pinto Dias, João Carlos
Bemfica, João Marcos
Silva-Nunes, João Paulo
Soares Barreto-Filho, José Augusto
Kerr Saraiva, José Francisco
Lannes-Vieira, Joseli
Menezes Oliveira, Joselina Luzia
V. Armaganijan, Luciana
Martins, Luiz Cláudio
C. Sangenis, Luiz Henrique
Barbosa, Marco Paulo
Almeida-Santos, Marcos Antônio
Simões, Marcos Vinicius
Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida
Vieira Moreira, Maria da Consolação
Higuchi, Maria de Lourdes
Costa Monteiro, Maria Rita de Cássia
Felix Mediano, Mauro Felippe
Maia Lima, Mayara
T. Oliveira, Maykon
Moreira Dias Romano , Minna
Nitz, Nadjar
de Tarso Jorge Medeiros, Paulo
Vieira Alves, Renato
Alkmim Teixeira, Ricardo
Coury Pedrosa, Roberto
Aras, Roque
Morais Torres, Rosália
dos Santos Povoa, Rui Manoel
Rassi, Sérgio Gabriel
Salles Xavier, Sérgio
Marinho Martins Alves , Silvia
B. N. Tavares, Suelene
Lima Palmeira, Swamy
da Silva Junior, Telêmaco Luiz
da Rocha Rodrigues, Thiago
Madrini Junior, Vagner
Maia da Costa , Veruska
Dutra, Walderez
This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.nbsp;
Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities.
nbsp;
Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.nbsp;
The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.nbsp;
The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;
Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.
Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou.
A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica.
Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas.
A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica.
A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;
Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.nbsp;
5.
Samanea tubulosa Benth. (Fabaceae): Antinociceptive effect on acute pain in mice: K+ATP channel and opioid activity
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ALIXANDRE, TAMNATA F.
; SOUSA, RENATO P.
; GOMES, BRUNO S.
; SILVA, ARÊTHA H.S.
; SOUSA NETO, BENEDITO P.
; SOUSA, ELCILENE A.
; LIMA, MARLUCE P.D.
; LOPES, EVERTON M.
; PIAUILINO, CELYANE A.
; NASCIMENTO, REJANE T.
; REIS FILHO, ANTÔNIO C.
; ALMEIDA, FERNANDA R.C.
; OLIVEIRA, FRANCISCO A.
; CHAVES, MARIANA H.
; COSTA, LUCIANA M.
; ALVES, MICHEL M. MORAES
; COSTA, AMILTON P.R.
.
Abstract Samanea tubulosa Benth. it has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory processes. The present study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effect and mechanism of action of the fractions obtained from the Samanea tubulosa pods in mice. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated in formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests and the. The possible mechanisms of action involved in the antinociceptive effect of the hexane and ethyl acetate fraction in the opioid system, also the the K + ATP channels and the L-arigine pathways of nitric oxide were evaluated. The chemical characterization analysis revealed in the hexane fraction the presence of triterpenes such as lupenone and lupeol. In the glutamate test, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed antinociceptive activity at the dose of 12.5 and 25 mg kg-1. The antinociception produced by the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions was significantly reversed by naloxone, indicating that the fractions act through the opioid pathway. Antinociceptive response of the ethyl acetate fraction was blocked by glibenclamide, indicating that this fraction acts via the K + ATP channels activation. It is concluded that the fractions under study exert antinociceptive activity possibly related to the opioid route and through K+ ATP channels activation.
6.
[SciELO Preprints] - Situation of the Covid-19 Epidemic in Brazil in August 2020: Most Northern and Northeastern States in a Saturation Phase, while Southern States in Acceleration or Slight Deceleration
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Duarte-Filho, Gerson C.
Brum, Arthur A.
Ospina, Raydonal
Almeida, Francisco A. G.
Macêdo, Antônio M. S.
Vasconcelos, Giovani L.
In this Technical Note we analyze the cumulative curves of deaths attributed to Covid-19 in the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District until August 21, 2020. Mathematical growth models implemented by the ModInterv Covid-19 application, which can be accessed via internet browser or via a mobile app available at the Google Play Store, were used to investigate at which stage the epidemic is in each of these entities of the Federation. The analysis revealed that almost all states in the Northern and Northeastern regions are in the saturation phase, when the epidemic is relatively under control, while in all Southern states and in most states in the Midwest the epidemic is still accelerating or shows only a slight deceleration. The Southeastern region presents a great diversity of epidemic stages, with each state at a different stage, ranging from acceleration to saturation.
Nesta Nota Técnica nós analisamos as curvas acumuladas de mortes atribuídas à Covid-19 nos 26 estados e Distrito Federal até o dia 21 de agosto de 2020. Foram utilizados modelos matemáticos de crescimento implementados pelo aplicativo ModInterv Covid-19, que pode ser acessado via internet (http://fisica.ufpr.br/modinterv) ou através de aplicativo para celular disponível na Play Store (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tanxe.covid_19), para investigar em qual fase da epidemia cada um dessas unidades da federação se encontra. A análise revelou que quase todos os estados das Regiões Norte e Nordeste encontram-se em uma fase de saturação, quando a epidemia está relativamente sob controle, ao passo que em todos os estados do Sul e a maioria dos estados do Centro-Oeste a epidemia ainda está em aceleração ou apresenta apenas uma leve desaceleração. A Região Sudeste apresenta uma grande diversidade de estágios da epidemia, com cada estado em um estágio diferente, indo de acelerado à saturação.
7.
[SciELO Preprints] - Recife and Belém are currently the only capitals that are already in the saturation phase of Covid-19 in Brazil
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Duarte-Filho , Gerson C.
Brum , Arthur A.
Ospina, Raydonal
Almeida, Francisco A. G.
Macêdo, Antônio M. S.
Vasconcelos , Giovani L.
In this technical note we analyze the accumulated fatality curves attributed to Covid-19 in the 27 Brazilian state capitals until July 19, 2020. We employed three mathematical growth models to assess at which stage of the epidemic each of these cities is at. These models were implemented in the Modinterv Covid-19 application, developed by the Federal Universities of Paraná, Pernambuco and Sergipe, which can be accessed through the <http://fisica.ufpr.br/modinterv> page. The analysis reveals that only Recife and Belém appear to have reached the saturation phase of the epidemic, when the accumulated fatality curve begins to approach the plateau. Among the other capitals, eight are still in the initial phase of rapid growth and seventeen are in the intermediate phase, when the epidemic curve has already passed through the inflection point but is still relatively far from the plateau.
Nessa nota técnica analisamos as curvas acumuladas de mortes atribuídas à Covid-19 nas 27 capitais brasileiras até o dia 19 de julho de 2020. Empregamos três modelos matemáticos de crescimento para avaliar em que fase da epidemia encontra-se cada uma dessas cidades. Esses modelos foram implementados no aplicativo Modinterv Covid-19, desenvolvido pelas Universidades Federais do Paraná, Pernambuco e Sergipe, o qual pode ser acessado através da página http://fisica.ufpr.br/modinterv. A análise revela que apenas Recife e Belém aparentam ter atingido a fase de saturação da epidemia, quando a curva acumulada de morte começa a se aproximar do platô. Entre as demais capitais, oito ainda estão na fase inicial de crescimento rápido e dezessete estão na fase intermediária, quando a curva epidêmica já passou pelo ponto de inflexão mas ainda está relativamente distante do platô.
8.
[SciELO Preprints] - OVERVIEW OF THE COVID-19 IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL: ANALYSES AND FORECASTS VIA GROWTH MODELS
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Vasconcelos, Giovani L.
Brum, Arthur A.
Duarte-Filho, Gerson C.
Ospina, Raydonal
Almeida, Francisco A. G.
Macêdo, Antônio M. S.
The Covid-19 pandemic, caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is one of the gravest public health crises the world has ever faced. In this context, it is important to have effective models to describe the different stages of the epidemic, in order to offer guidance to the competent authorities regarding the adoption of public policies to contain and control the pandemic. In this work, we present a novel method to analyze epidemic curves based on growth models, using as examples the cumulative curves of deaths attributed to Covid-19 for the states of the Northeastern Region of Brazil. Depending on the case, the q-exponential model, the Richards model or the generalized Richards model were used to make the numerical fits of the respective empirical curves. The models used here describe very well the empirical curves of all the Northeastern Brazilian States, thus allowing a more precise diagnosis of the stage of the epidemic in each of the States.
Among them, only the state of Paraíba is still in the early growth phase, when the epidemic curve does not yet have an inflexion point, being in this case better described by the q-exponential model. The other states were better described either by the Richards model or by its generalized version. The Richards model, in particular, was able to identify with reasonable reliability the emergence of the inflexion point for states that only recently have reached this stage of the epidemic, such as Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe. This model is also able to predict when the inflection is about to occur, as is the case in Bahia. The generalized Richards model, in turn, has proved more appropriate to describe epidemic curves in states that are in a more developed phase of the epidemic, such as Ceará and Pernambuco, when the epidemic curves already show a more consolidated trend of saturation toward the plateau.
A pandemia da Covid-19, causada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), é uma das maiores crises de saúde pública que o mundo já enfrentou. Nesse contexto, é importante ter modelos eficazes para descrever os diferentes estágios da evolução da epidemia, a fim de orientar as autoridades competentes na adoção de políticas públicas para o enfrentamento e controle da pandemia. No presente trabalho, nós propomos um novo método de análise de curvas epidêmicas com base na seleção criteriosa de modelos de crescimento, tomando como exemplo as curvas acumuladas de óbitos atribuídos à Covid-19 para os estados da região Nordeste do Brasil. A depender do caso, foram utilizados o modelo q-exponencial, o modelo de Richards ou o modelo generalizado de Richards para fazer o ajuste numérico das respectivas curvas empíricas. Verificou-se que os modelos utilizados descrevem muito bem as curvas empíricas de todos os estados do Nordeste, permitindo assim diagnosticar mais precisamente o estágio da epidemia em cada um dos estados. Dentre eles, apenas o estado da Paraíba ainda encontra-se na fase inicial de crescimento, quando a curva epidêmica ainda não apresenta um ponto de inflexão, sendo nesse caso melhor descrita pelo modelo q-exponencial. Os demais estados foram mais bem descritos ou pelo modelo de Richards ou por sua versão generalizada. O modelo de Richards, em particular, foi capaz de identificar com razoável confiabilidade o surgimento do ponto de inflexão para os estados que só recentemente alcançaram esse estágio da epidemia, como foi o caso do Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte e Sergipe. Esse modelo também é capaz de prever quando a inflexão está prestes a acontecer, como é o caso da Bahia. O modelo generalizado de Richards, por sua vez, mostrou-se mais apropriado para descrever curvas epidêmicas de estados que estão em uma fase mais desenvolvida da epidemia, como Ceará e Pernambuco, quando as curvas epidêmicas já apresentam uma tendência mais consolidada de saturação em direção ao platô.
9.
[SciELO Preprints] - Analysis of Covid-19 epidemic curves via generalized growth models: Case study for the cities of Recife and Teresina
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Vasconcelos, Giovani L.
Duarte-Filho, Gerson C.
Brum, Arthur A.
Ospina, Raydonal
Almeida, Francisco A. G.
Macêdo, Antônio M. S.
Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the biggest public health crises the world has ever faced. In this context, it is important to have effective models to describe the different stages of the epidemic’s evolution in order to guide the authorities in taking appropriate measures to fight the disease. Objective: To present an analysis of epidemic curves of Covid-19 based on phenomenological growth models, with applications to the curves for the cumulative numbers of confirmed cases of infection by the novel coronavirus (Sars-Cov-2) and deaths attributed to the disease (Covid-19) caused by the virus, for the Brazilian cities of Recife and Teresina. Methods: The Richards generalized model and the generalized growth model were used to make the numerical fits of the respective empirical curves. Results: The models used described very well the empirical curves against which they were tested. In particular, the generalized Richards model was able to identify the appearance of the inflexion point in the cumulative curves, which in turn represents the peak of the respective daily curves. A brief discussion is also presented on the relationship between the fitting parameters obtained from the model and the mitigation measures adopted in each of the municipalities considered. Conclusions: The generalized Richards model proved to be very effective in describing epidemic curves of Covid-19 and estimating important epidemiological parameters, such as the time of the peak of the curve for daily cases and deaths, thus allowing a practical and efficient monitoring of the epidemic evolution.
Introdução: A pandemia da Covid-19 é uma das maiores crises de saúde pública que o mundo já enfrentou. Nesse contexto, é importante ter modelos eficazes para descrever os diferentes estágios da evolução da epidemia, a fim de orientar as autoridades competen- tes na adoção de políticas públicas para o enfrentamento da mesma. Objetivo: Apresentar uma análise de curvas epidêmicas com base em modelos fenomenológicos de crescimento, tomando como exemplo as curvas acumuladas de casos confirmados de infecção pelo novo coronavírus (Sars-Cov-2) e de óbitos atribuídos à doença (Covid-19) causada pelo vírus, para as cidades do Recife e Teresina. Métodos: Foram utilizados o modelo generalizado de Richards e o modelo de crescimento generalizado para fazer o ajuste numérico das respectivas curvas empíricas. Resultados: Verificou-se que os modelos utilizados descrevem muito bem as curvas empíricas em que foram testados. Em particular, o modelo generalizado de Richards é capaz de identificar com razoável confiabilidade o surgimento do ponto de infle- xão nas curvas acumuladas, o qual corresponde ao ponto de máximo das respectivas curvas diárias. Apresenta-se ainda uma breve discussão sobre a relação entre os parâmetros obtidos no ajuste do modelo e as medidas de mitigação adotadas para retardar a propagação da Covid-19 em cada um dos municípios considerados. Conclusões: O modelo generalizado de Richards mostrou-se bastante eficaz para descrever curvas epidêmicas da Covid-19 e es- timar parâmetros epidemiológicos importantes, como o pico das curvas de casos e óbitos diários, permitindo assim realizar de modo prático e eficiente o monitoramento da evolução da epidemia.
10.
[SciELO Preprints] - Germany's 'coronavirus anomaly': Statistical evidence that early mass testing leads to low mortality rates
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Vasconcelos, Giovani L.
Macêdo, Antônio M. S.
Souza, Inês C. L.
Ospina, Raydonal
Almeida, Francisco A. G.
Duarte-Filho , Gerson C.
Holm, Christian
Abstract:
En
In this note, we present a statistical analysis of the mortality rates of COVID-19 for several selected European countries. We compare the countries' mortality rates with their respective number of tests as a function of the time since the first death. Our analysis shows that countries that either delayed mass testing, such as Italy, or have not fully adopted it, such as France and the UK, have had much higher mortality rates than Germany, which has adopted a policy of wide and early testing. Conversely, countries that have followed Germany's example, such as Portugal, have so far had comparatively low mortality rates.
11.
[SciELO Preprints] - Fighting the coronavirus: the window of opportunity for non-pharmacological interventions is narrow
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Vasconcelos, Giovani L.
Macêdo, Antônio M. S.
Ospina, Raydonal
Almeida, Francisco A. G.
Duarte-Filho, Gerson C.
Souza, Inês C. L.
In this technical note, we present a brief discussion of the main results reported in our paper “Modelling fatality curves of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of intervention strategies”, MedRxiv/2020/051557 (DOI:10.1101/2020.04.02.20051557). In that paper, we applied the Richards growth model (RGM) to describe the fatality curves of the COVID-19 disease for countries that were, up to April 1, 2020, near the end or in an intermediary phase of the outbreak, such as China, Italy, Spain, and Iran. We also analyzed data from Brazil, which was still in the early growth regime, and so we used an alternative model (the generalized growth model) that is more appropriate for the early stages of the epidemic. We also used the RGM to study the effectiveness of possible intervention strategies and, within this context, we derived an analytic formula for the efficiency of non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies. Our findings show that there is only a narrow window, after the onset of the epidemic, during which effective countermeasures can be taken. Here we present a brief overview of the results obtained in the aforementioned paper, but we use more recent data to update our analysis. For more details, we refer the reader to the original article.
En esta nota técnica presentamos una breve discusión de los principales resultados de nuestro artículo "Modelado de curvas de mortalidad de COVID-19 y la efectividad de las estrategias de intervención", MedRxiv / 2020/051557 (DOI: 10.1101 / 2020.04.02.20051557). En este artículo, aplicamos el modelo de crecimiento de Richards para describir las curvas de mortalidad de COVID-19 para países que estaban, hasta el 4/1/2020, cerca del final o en la fase intermedia de la epidemia, como China, Italia, España e Irán. También analizamos datos de Brasil, aunque todavía estaba en las primeras etapas de la epidemia. Para este caso, utilizamos un modelo alternativo, el modelo de crecimiento generalizado, que es más apropiado para esa fase. También utilizamos el modelo de Richards para estudiar la efectividad de las posibles estrategias de intervención y, en este contexto, derivamos una fórmula analítica para la eficiencia de las estrategias de intervención no farmacológicas. Nuestros resultados muestran que solo hay una ventana estrecha, después de que comienza el brote, durante la cual se pueden tomar intervenciones no farmacológicas efectivas para contener la epidemia. En esta nota, también presentamos algunos resultados originales para las curvas de fatalidad de Italia y Brasil, actualizadas con datos hasta el 08/04/2020, además de una breve descripción general del trabajo mencionado anteriormente. Para más detalles, remitimos al lector al artículo original.
Nesta nota técnica apresentamos uma breve discussão dos principais resultados do nosso artigo “Modelling fatality curves of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of intervention strategies”, MedRxiv/2020/051557 (DOI:10.1101/2020.04.02.20051557). Nesse artigo, aplicamos o modelo de crescimento de Richards para descrever as curvas de fatalidade da COVID-19 para países que estavam, até 01/04/2020, ou perto do fim ou na fase intermediária da epidemia, como a China, Itália, Espanha e Irã. Também analisamos dados do Brasil, embora ainda estivesse na fase inicial da epidemia, mas nesse caso usamos um modelo alternativo—o modelo de crescimento generalizado—que é mais apropriado para essa fase. Utilizamos ainda o modelo de Richards para estudar a eficácia de possíveis estratégias de intervenção e, nesse contexto, derivamos uma fórmula analítica para a eficiência das estratégias de intervenção não farmacológicas. Os nossos resultados mostram que existe apenas uma estreita janela, após o início do surto, durante a qual intervenções efetivas não farmacológicas podem ser tomadas para conter a epidemia. Nesta nota, apresentamos ainda alguns resultados originais para as curvas de fatalidade da Itália e do Brasil, atualizados com dados até 08/04/2020, além de uma breve descrição geral do trabalho acima mencionado. Para mais detalhes, remetemos o leitor para o artigo original.
12.
Morphophysiology of Tahiti lime grafted onto Sunki mandarin hybrids under salt stress
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Silva, Luderlândio A.
; Brito, Marcos E. B.
; Fernandes, Pedro D.
; Sá, Francisco V. da S.
; Moreira, Rômulo C. L.
; Almeida Neto, Isidro P. de
.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
- Journal Metrics
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e a fisiologia de combinações copa/porta-enxertos de citros irrigados com água salina até a fase de pré-floração. O experimento foi realizado em lisímetros de drenagem com capacidade de 150 dm3, em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 10, correspondendo a duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (S1 = 0,3 e S2 = 3,0 dS m-1) e dez combinações copa/porta-enxerto (nove híbridos e uma variedade comercial) enxertados com limeira acida Tahiti, com três repetições e uma planta por parcela. As mudas enxertadas foram transplantadas após um ano do semeio, sendo o estresse salino iniciado aos 15 dias após o transplantio, perdurando até o período de pré-floração, avaliando-se trocas gasosas e o crescimento. A irrigação com água salina de 3,0 dS m-1 não influencia a atividade fotossintética das combinações copa/porta-enxerto de citros estudadas até a pré-floração. O genótipo Santa Cruz limão-cravo (LCRSTC) foi mais sensível à salinidade da água de irrigação quanto ao crescimento. As combinações menos sensíveis à salinidade foram compostas pelo Tahiti enxertado com o TSKFL x (LCR x TR) - 018, TSKFL x TRBK - 011 e TSKFL x TRBK - 30.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the growth and physiology of citrus scion/rootstock combinations irrigated with saline water until the pre-flowering stage. The experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeters with capacity for 150 dm3, in randomized block design in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme, corresponding to two electrical conductivities of water (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 3.0 dS m-1) and ten scion/rootstock combinations (nine hybrids and one commercial variety) grafted with Tahiti lime, in three repetitions and one plant per plot. Grafted seedlings were transplanted one year after sowing, subjected to salt stress from 15 days after transplanting until the pre-flowering period, and evaluated for gas exchanges and growth. The irrigation with 3.0 dS m-1 saline water did not influence the photosynthetic activity of the studied citrus scion/rootstock combinations until the pre-flowering. The genotype Santa Cruz Rangpur lime (LCRSTC) was more sensitive to irrigation water salinity in terms of growth. The least sensitive combinations to salinity were Tahiti lime grafted onto TSKFL x (LCR x TR) - 018, TSKFL x TRBK - 011 and TSKFL x TRBK - 30.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n8p598-606
597 downloads
13.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Brycon nattereri (Characiformes: Bryconidae): a Neotropical fish under threat of extinction
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Galindo, Bruno A.
; Ferreira, Dhiego G.
; Apolinário-Silva, Caroline
; Terra, Mariana C.
; Aprígio, Nícollas G. O.
; Ota, Renata R.
; Ohara, Willian M.
; Almeida, Fernanda S.
; Sofia, Silvia H.
.
RESUMO Brycon nattereri é um peixe Neotropical ameaçado de extinção reportado para trechos conservados dos rios Paraná, Tocantins e São Francisco. Populações desta espécie têm sido muito raras em algumas sub-bacias do rio Paraná. Este estudo analisou a diversidade genética e a estrutura populacional de B. nattereri em uma área de ocorrência restrita recentemente identificada na bacia do alto rio Paraná. Sete locos microssatélites e 497 pb da região mitocondrial D-Loop foram examinados para 92 indivíduos de quatro pontos ao longo da área de ocorrência. Ambos os marcadores moleculares indicaram uma única população distribuída em um trecho de aproximadamente 80 km do rio. Embora alguns dados tenham sugerido um antigo gargalo genético, os atuais níveis de diversidade genética (H E = 0,574, h = 0,616) foram similares aos de outras espécies do gênero Brycon. Estes resultados sugerem que a população de B. nattereri tem mantido níveis satisfatórios de diversidade genética, apesar da pequena área de ocorrência. Estes dados destacaram uma importante área de conservação e ações podem melhorar a qualidade do ambiente, especialmente para a vida aquática e mata ciliar, se a área for eficientemente manejada e conservada.
ABSTRACT Brycon nattereri is an endangered Neotropical fish reported along conserved stretches of the upper Paraná, Tocantins and São Francisco rivers. Populations of this species have been very rare in some Paraná River sub basins. This study analyzes the genetic diversity and population structure of B. nattereri in a restricted area of occurrence recently identified in upper Paraná River basin. Seven microsatellite loci and 497 bp of D-Loop mitochondrial region were examined in 92 individuals from four points along the area of occurrence. Both molecular markers indicated a single population distributed along a stretch of the river approximately 80 km long. Although some of the data suggest an ancient bottleneck, current levels of genetic diversity (H E = 0.574 and h = 0.616) were similar to those of other species of the genus Brycon. The results suggest that the population of B. nattereri has been able to maintain satisfactory levels of genetic diversity, in spite of the small area of occurrence. These data have highlighted an important conservation area and action may prove essential to improve the quality of the environment, and especially the water and riparian plant life, if the area is to be managed and conserved efficiently.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20180071
1481 downloads
14.
Brazilian legislation on genetic heritage harms Biodiversity Convention goals and threatens basic biology research and education
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ALVES, RUY JOSÉ V.
; WEKSLER, MARCELO
; OLIVEIRA, JOÃO A.
; BUCKUP, PAULO A.
; POMBAL JR., JOSÉ P.
; SANTANA, HÉLCIO R.G.
; PERACCHI, ADRIANO LÚCIO
; KELLNER, ALEXANDER W.A.
; ALEIXO, ALEXANDRE
; LANGGUTH, ALFREDO
; ALMEIDA, ALZIRA MARIA P. DE
; ALBERNAZ, ANA LUISA
; RIBAS, CAMILA C.
; ZILBERBERG, CARLA
; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO V.
; ROCHA, CARLOS F.D.
; LAMAS, CARLOS JOSÉ E.
; HADDAD, CÉLIO F.B.
; BONVICINO, CIBELE R.
; PRADO, CYNTHIA P.A.
; LIMA, DANIELA O. DE
; ROSSA-FERES, DENISE C.
; SANTOS, FABRÍCIO R. DOS
; SALIMENA, FÁTIMA REGINA G.
; PERINI, FERNANDO A.
; BOCKMANN, FLÁVIO A.
; FRANCO, FRANCISCO LUÍS
; GIUDICE, GISELE M.L. DEL
; COLLI, GUARINO R.
; VIEIRA, IMA CÉLIA G.
; MARINHO-FILHO, JADER
; WERNECK, JANE M.C.F.
; SANTOS, JORGE A.D. DOS
; NASCIMENTO, JORGE LUIZ DO
; NESSIMIAN, JORGE LUIZ
; CORDEIRO, JOSÉ LUIS P.
; CLARO, KLEBER DEL
; SALLES, LEANDRO O.
; CASATTI, LILIAN
; PY-DANIEL, LUCIA HELENA R.
; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO
; TOLEDO, LUÍS FELIPE
; OLIVEIRA, LUIZ F. DE
; MALABARBA, LUIZ ROBERTO
; SILVA, MARCELO D. DA
; COURI, MÁRCIA S.
; MARTINS, MÁRCIO
; TAVARES, MARCOS D.S.
; SOBRAL, MARCOS EDUARDO G.
; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINÍCIUS
; OLIVEIRA, MARIA DE LOURDES A.
; PINNA, MÁRIO DE
; HOPKINS, MICHAEL J.G.
; SOLÉ, MIRCO
; MENEZES, NAÉRCIO A.
; PASSOS, PAULO
; D’ANDREA, PAULO SERGIO
; PINTO, PEDRO C.E.A.
; VIANA, PEDRO L.
; TOLEDO, PETER M.
; REIS, ROBERTO E.
; VILELA, ROBERTO
; BASTOS, ROGÉRIO P.
; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE G.
; CERQUEIRA, RUI
; CASTROVIEJO-FISHER, SANTIAGO
; CARAMASCHI, ULISSES
.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820180460
7311 downloads
15.
Novos surfactantes alquil poliglicosídicos à base de amilose extraída da batata inglesa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
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França, Francisco C. F. de
; Moreira, Denise R.
; Almeida, Raimundo R. de
; Rodrigues, Francisco H. A.
; Ribeiro, Maria E. N. P.
; Ricardo, Nágila M. P. S.
.
Alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) are new biodegradable surfactants, non-toxic, synthesized from abundant renewable sources, potentially more appropriate than anionic surfactants. A range of glycosides denoted APG-Cy was synthesized by the Köenig-Knorr reaction using C10, C16 and C18 alcohols and derived from the degradation of amylose from English potato. The molecular structures of the glycosides were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C NMR) together with Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The study by NMR allowed the junctions between hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic tail-groups to be characterized in detail. Conformation of the glycosidic units is 4C1 type with a b anomeric configuration. The formation of glycosides with five glucose rings linked to the alkyl chain was confirmed by 1H NMR and GPC. Liquid crystals identified by the presence of double melting points were observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showing thermotropic properties. The surface tension (γ) and critical micelle concentration (cmc) were determined by du Noüy method, noting that increasing the length of alkyl chain led to the expected reduction in the cmc. The energies of adsorption and micellization processes calculated from isotherms γ versus ln c (g.dm-3) indicate cooperativeness of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170010
1401 downloads
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