Abstract Some physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes of homemade and commercial yoghurts sold at 15 points of Van province in Turkey were determined. The average pH, titration acidity, dry matter, fat-free dry matter, syneresis and protein of homemade and commercial yoghurts were 4.02 and 4.08, 1.16 and 1.10%, 14.55 and 13.77%, 4.23 and 3.49%, 10.31 and 10.27%, 29.16 and 29.32 ml/100 g, 3.61 and 3.66%, respectively. In homemade and commercial yoghurts, the average number of yeasts and molds was 6.02 and 3.63 log cfu/g; the number of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was 7.98 and 7.78 log cfu/g; the number of S. thermophilus was 8.29 and 7.60 log cfu/g. In homemade and commercial yoghurts, the average appearance was 3.38 and 3.88, consistency was 3.01 and 3.61, odor was 3.73 and 3.89 and taste was 3.74 and 3.64.

Abstract Malatya cheese is generally produced and consumed in Malatya province of Turkey.The starter culture is not used in the production of this cheese. It is traditionally made from raw cow or sheep milk or a mixture of them. This study aims to determine some characteristics parameters (the antioxidant activity, mineral composition, chemical, biochemical and textural properties) of Malatya cheese and therefore, 25 samples purchased from retail markets in Malatyawere analysed. The antioxidant capacity of the water-soluble extracts was detected using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) methods, mineral composition of samples prepared by dry ash method were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). This samples were generally different from each other according to the chemical, biochemical and textural properties; however, some interesting similarities were identified. Besides, the mineral compositions and antioxidant activities in cheese samples were determined higher than expected. In conclusions, the production method and ripening conditions may play a decisive effect on some basic properties of the cheeses investigated.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative and inhibition of oxidative DNA-damage activities of n-butanol (n-BuOH) extract of Centaurea sphaerocephala. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and the n-BuOH extracts of this plant were also assayed. To investigate the antioxidant potential, extracts were tested for their capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) and to inhibit lipid peroxidation using the TBARs method. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were measured. Additionally, antiproliferative activity and DNA-damage inhibition of the n-BuOH extract was determined using XCELLigence RTCA instrument and photolyzing 46966 plasmid, respectively. The results exhibited that the scavenging abilities of the EtOAc extract were better than the n-BuOH extract with an IC50= 11.59 µg/mL and 16.67 µg/mL for both extracts, respectively. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were found higher in the n-BuOH and EtOAc extracts. Furthermore, our results showed that n-BuOH extract exhibited a remarkable inhibition of lipid peroxidation with an IC50 of 340.94±7.49 μg/mL and had an antiproliferative effect against Hela cells. Extracts of C. sphaerocephala showed antioxidant activity on scavenging DPPH·. In addition, the n-BuOH extract inhibited the lipid peroxidation and exhibited an antiproliferative effect against HeLa cells line (human cervix carcinoma).

Abstract: Background: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease associated with excessive inflammatory response to various triggers. Although some studies have supported the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in rosacea, it has not been completely accepted. Objective: We aimed to investigate epicardial fat thickness and carotid intima-media thickness as cardiovascular risk predictors in rosacea patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 40 rosacea patients and 40 controls. Demographic data, epicardial fat thickness, carotid intima-media thickness, lipid parameters, biochemical parameters, presence of insulin resistance, and presence of metabolic syndrome of the participants were recorded. Results: Forty rosacea patients (31 female and 9 male) and 40 controls (30 female and 10 male) were enrolled in the study. Rosacea patients had significantly higher epicardial fat thickness and carotid intima-media thickness volumes than controls (P<0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, epicardial fat thickness was independently related to presence of rosacea (P<0.001, OR=13.31). In the multiple linear regression analysis, the epicardial fat thickness was independently associated with rosacea (β= 0.47, P<0.001), carotid intima-media thickness (β= 0.36, P<0.001), and systolic blood pressure (β=0.19, P=0.015) and the carotid intima-media thickness was independently associated with epicardial fat thickness (β= 0.6, P<0.001). The epicardial fat thickness levels were correlated with carotid intima-media thickness (r=0.63, P<0.001), LDL (r=0.23, P=0.037), systolic blood pressure (r=0.45, P<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure levels (r=0.37, P=0.001). The carotid intima-media thickness levels were correlated with epicardial fat thickness (r=0.63, P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (r=0.04, P<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure levels (r=0.27, P=0.016). Study limitations: The small number of participants. Conclusions: Examination and follow-up of rosacea patients for cardiovascular diseases may be recommended practices.

Neste estudo são investigados potenciometricamente os equilíbrios ácido-base de bases de Schiff contendo ciclobutano e tiazol como grupos funcionais e de seus complexos de cobre(II), níquel(II) e zinco(II) em dioxano-água, 60% em média, a 25,0 ± 0,1 ºC e com I = 0,10 mol L-1 (NaClO4). Os valores das constantes de protonação, logK OH, logK NH(1) e logK NH(2), determinados no presente estudo, estão relacionados com a protonação do átomo de oxigênio do fenolato, do átomo de nitrogênio no anel tiazólico e do átomo de nitrogênio imínico, respectivamente. A variação das constantes de protonação das bases de Schiff foi interpretada em função de fatores estruturais. Estas bases formam complexos estáveis com os íons cobre(II), níquel(II) e zinco(II). Não foi encontrada nenhuma correlação significativa entre a basicidade das bases de Schiff e as constantes de estabilidade dos seus complexos. As estabilidades dos complexos seguem a tendência: cobre(II) > níquel(II) > zinco(II), que está de acordo com a série de Irving-Williams.

The acid-base equilibria of Schiff bases containing cyclobutane and thiazole functional groups and their copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes were investigated potentiometrically in 60% dioxane-water media at 25. 0 ± 0. 1 ºC and I = 0. 10 mol L-1 NaClO4. The values of the protonation constants determined in this study, logK OH, logK NH(1) and logK NH(2), are related to the protonation of the phenolate oxygen atom, the nitrogen atom on the thiazole ring and the imine nitrogen atom, respectively. The variation of the protonation constants of the Schiff bases was interpreted on the basis of structural factors. The Schiff bases form stable complexes with copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal ions. There was not a meaningful correlation between the basicity of the Schiff bases and the stability constants of their complexes. Complex stabilities follow the trend copper(II) > nickel(II) > zinc(II), which is in agreement with the Irving-Williams series.