ABSTRACT. Chemical control is essential for efficient pest management in coffee crops. Application technologies should safely deliver insecticides to the target whilst protecting the environment, insecticide applicators, and consumers. To achieve these goals, application volumes, hydraulic nozzles, and application techniques should be evaluated. This study assessed the biological efficiency of different spray volumes and spray nozzles used to apply insecticides to control coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) populations. We applied insecticides using a hydropneumatic sprayer with and without an electrostatic spraying system. The experiment followed a randomized block factorial design (2 × 2 + 1) and included two types of spray nozzles [a hollow cone spray nozzle (JA1) and a hollow cone spray nozzle with air induction (TVI)], two spray volumes (200 and 400 L ha-1), one additional treatment (SPE2 nozzle with a 200 system 200 L ha-1), and six replicates. We assessed the control efficiency of the different application methods by evaluating the percentage of fruits damaged 20 and 40 days after the date of application. The spray volume did not affect the biological efficiency of pest control, and the lower spray volume (200 L ha-1) was effective in the control of coffee berry borers. Application of insecticides using coarse droplets was more efficient than the application using very fine and fine droplets. The TVI hydraulic spray nozzle effectively controlled coffee berry borers at 200 and 400 L ha-1. The electrostatic application system performed similarly to the conventional system in terms of the control of the coffee berry borers, and was less efficient than the conventional system under some operational conditions.

RESUMO Para o sucesso do controle fitossanitário no cafeeiro, é importante uma correta deposição de calda ao longo do dossel. Contudo, a estrutura da planta dificulta essa distribuição. Objetivou-se avaliar a deposição de um traçador em folhas e frutos, na cultura do café, em função da taxa de aplicação e do tipo de ponta de pulverização, bem como do emprego de um sistema de pulverização eletrostática. Utilizou-se pulverizador hidropneumático com pontas hidráulicas de jato cônico vazio, da série TVI (gotas grossas com indução de ar) e JA (gotas finas), em taxas de 200 e 400 L ha-1. Também foi avaliado um sistema eletrostático, com ponta SPE-2 e taxa de 200 L ha-1, instalado no mesmo pulverizador. Foram determinadas a deposição do traçador em folhas e frutos dos terços superior, médio e inferior das plantas, bem como as perdas para o solo na projeção da copa, mediante quantificação por espectrofotometria. Os resultados indicaram que a aplicação eletrostática proporciona maior deposição nas folhas do terço superior, em relação à aplicação hidropneumática, independentemente da taxa de aplicação. A ponta TVI produz maior deposição nos frutos do terço médio e maior perda para o solo, em relação à ponta JA. A taxa de aplicação de 400 L ha-1 promove maior deposição nos frutos do terço médio, em relação à de 200 L ha-1, mas também causa maior perda para o solo.

ABSTRACT The correct deposition of spray along the canopy is important for the phytosanitary control in coffee plants; however, the structure of the plant makes this distribution difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the deposition of a tracer on leaves and fruits in coffee cultivation, with respect to the application rate and type of hydraulic nozzle, as well as the use of an electrostatic spraying system. A hydropneumatic sprayer was used, with hydraulic nozzles of empty conical jet of the series TVI (coarse droplets with air induction) or JA (fine droplets), at rates of 200 and 400 L ha-1. An electrostatic system, with SPE-2 nozzle and rate of 200 L ha-1, was also evaluated. The deposition of the tracer on leaves and fruits of the upper, middle and lower thirds of the trees, as well as the losses to the ground in the canopy projection, were quantified using spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the electrostatic application provides a greater deposition on leaves of the upper third than the hydropneumatic application, regardless of the application rate. The use of the TVI nozzle results in a greater deposition on the fruits of the middle third and a greater loss to the ground than the JA nozzle. Although an application rate of 400 L ha-1 results in a greater deposition on the fruits of the middle third than an application rate of 200 L ha-1, it also causes a greater loss to the ground.

ABSTRACT For the successful application of phytosanitary products, it is essential to understand the spraying process well. The present work aims to evaluate the spectrum and speed of the droplets produced by different spray nozzle models with air induction, working under different operating conditions. The experiment was conducted using an entirely randomized design with five repetitions in a 3 × 3 × 3 factor scheme that incorporates three nozzle models (ADIA, AIXR, and GA), three nominal flows (0.76, 1.14, and 1.51 L min−1), and three operating pressures (200, 300, and 400 kPa). The spectrum and speed of the droplets were determined directly using a real-time droplet analyzer based on high-resolution image analysis. The spray nozzle model interfered with the results. The ADIA promoted Dv0.5 (VMD) higher than AIXR and GA, reaching differences of up to 90%. The increase in pressure promoted a reduction in the droplet size; however, there was no well-defined behavior for the relationship between the flow rate and droplet size. The ADIA and AIXR gave rise to greater uniformity of the droplets in most of the evaluated conditions. The increase in pressure promoted an increase in the speed of the droplets. However, the effect of the nozzle model on this parameter was dependent on the flow.

ABSTRACT Coffee production faces challenges due to the susceptibility of the crop to insects. Owing to the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella, which is one of the main insect pests, the technology for the application of phytosanitary measures becomes the main challenge for coffee growers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of coffee leaf miner control using different methods of application. The study was conducted in an experimental site in the municipality of Monte Carmelo - Minas Gerais. Spray depositions in different positions of the plant canopy and the effective control of coffee leaf miner were evaluated using the following application treatments: a hydropneumatic sprayer with varying spray volumes (200 and 400 L ha-1), two hollow-cone spray nozzles with the presence and absence of agricultural adjuvant, and electrostatic application using a spray volume of 200 L ha-1 with and without spray adjuvant. The addition of an adjuvant to the spray did not influence coffee leaf miner control; in contrast, a spray volume of 200 L ha-1 combined with the application of coarse droplets was efficient in the management of insect pest. The reduction in the rate of the application using coarse droplets increased the operational capacity and reduced spray drift potential.

Resumo Contexto O clampeamento aórtico e a oclusão da aorta com balão poderiam levar a lesões na parede aórtica. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as alterações da parede aórtica relacionadas ao método de interrupção de fluxo (cample ou balão) em diferentes técnicas disponíveis para cirurgia de aorta. Métodos Os experimentos foram realizados em 40 porcos fêmeas pesando de 25-30 kg, alocados para quatro grupos: S (n = 10), nenhuma intervenção (sham); C (n = 10), laparotomia mediana transperitoneal para acesso à aorta abdominal infrarrenal com tempo de clampeamento de 60 minutos; L (n = 10), cirurgia laparoscópica da aorta abdominal infrarrenal com tempo de clampeamento de 60 minutos; EV (n = 10), controle aórtico proximal com inserção de cateter-balão para oclusão aórtica por acesso femoral, inflado a fim de promover oclusão aórtica contínua por 60 minutos. Após a eutanásia, as aortas foram removidas e seccionadas para obtenção de espécimes histológicos destinados a análises morfométricas e por microscopia de luz. Os fragmentos longitudinais restantes foram estirados até a ruptura, e determinaram-se padrões mecânicos. Resultados Observou-se redução do limite de proporcionalidade da aorta abdominal, diminuição da rigidez e da carga de ruptura nos grupos submetidos a campleamento aórtico (C e L) em comparação ao grupo EV. Conclusões O campleamento aórtico durante cirurgia aberta ou laparoscópica pode afetar as propriedades mecânicas da aorta, ocasionando redução de resistência da parede aórtica sem desencadear alterações na estrutura histológica da parede aórtica.

Abstract Background Aortic cross-clamping and balloon occlusion of the aorta could lead to damage to the aorta wall. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate changes to the aorta wall related to the method used to interrupt flow (clamping or balloon) in the different techniques available for aortic surgery. Methods Experiments were performed on 40 female pigs, weighing 25-30kg, which were randomly allocated to 4 study groups: S (n=10), no intervention (sham group); C (n=10), midline transperitoneal laparotomy for infrarenal abdominal aortic access with 60 min of cross-clamping; L (n=10), laparoscopic infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery with 60 min of cross-clamping; EV (n=10), remote proximal aortic control with transfemoral arterial insertion of aortic occlusion balloon catheter, inflated to provide continued aortic occlusion for 60min. After euthanasia, the aortas were removed and cross-sectioned to obtain histological specimens for light microscopic and morphometric analyses. The remaining longitudinal segments were stretched to rupture and mechanical parameters were determined. Results We observed a reduction in the yield point of the abdominal aorta, decrease in stiffness and in failure load in the aortic cross-clamping groups (C and L) compared with the EV group. Conclusions Aortic cross-clamping during open or laparoscopic surgery can affect the mechanical properties of the aorta leading to decrease in resistance of the aorta wall, without structural changes in aorta wall histology.

RESUMO: Informações sobre herbicidas seletivos, incluindo o glyphosate, que não afetam organismos não alvo, como inimigos naturais, são importantes nos programas de manejo integrado de pragas na cultura do milho. O glyphosate, na dose de 13,94 L ha-1, foi avaliado em fêmeas de 10 espécies de Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera). Uma fêmea de cada espécie de Trichogrammatidae foi posicionada individualmente por tubo de ensaio em cartelas contendo aproximadamente 45 ovos de Anagasta kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Durante 48 horas o parasitismo foi permitido e, posteriormente, as cartelas foram pulverizadas com o herbicida ou com água destilada, para o tratamento controle. O herbicida mostrou efeitos variáveis para as espécies de parasitoides. A emergência de fêmeas de T. acacioi foi menor, e a daquelas de T. atopovilia, T. demoraesi e T. pretiosum foi maior com glyphosate. A razão sexual de T. galloi foi menor, e a de T. bruni , T. brasiliensis , T. demoraesi e T. soaresi maior com glyphosate. Esse herbicida foi pouco tóxico para todas as espécies de Trichogrammatidae com base na classificação adotada internacionalmente.

ABSTRACT: Information on selective herbicide, including glyphosate that does not affect non-target organisms such as natural enemies, are important in integrated pest management programs in maize. The dose 13.94 L ha-1 of glyphosate was evaluated in females on 10 Trichogrammatidae species. A female of each Trichogrammatidae species was individually positioned per test tube with a card containing approximately 45 Anagasta kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. For 48 h parasitism was allowed, and later the cartons were sprayed with the herbicide or with distilled water, for the control treatment. The glyphosate showed variable effects for parasitoids. The emergence of T. acacioi females was lower but that of T. atopovilia, T. demoraesi, and T. pretiosum higher with the glyphosate. The sex ratio of T. galloi was lower and that of T. bruni, T. brasiliensis, T. demoraesi, and T. soaresi higher with glyphosate. This glyphosate was innocuous to all Trichogrammatidae species females based on the classification adopted internationally.

RESUMO A utilização de índices constitui ferramenta prática e importante para o manejo da adubação nitrogenada, na cultura da batata e, ainda, pode prognosticar a produtividade de tubérculos. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do parcelamento do fertilizante nitrogenado sobre índices de nitrogênio (N) em plantas de batata, bem como estabelecer um modelo para o prognóstico da produtividade de tubérculos. Foram utilizados os cultivares Ágata e Asterix em dois experimentos independentes. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - controle, sem adubação nitrogenada, T2- 50% da dose no plantio + 50% aos 22 dias após a emergência (DAE) e T3 - dose única no plantio. Foi utilizada a ureia como fonte de N e a dose total aplicada foi de 220 kg ha-1 de N. Os índices avaliados foram: clorofila (CHL), flavonóis (FLV), balanço de N (NBI), determinados, com o Dualex e SPAD, na quarta folha completamente desenvolvida, aos 10, 21, 34, 48, 62 e 76 DAE. As doses e o parcelamento do N interferiram nos índices avaliados, sendo que os valores de SPAD, CHL e NBI decresceram com a idade da planta, enquanto houve aumento dos valores de FLV, para ambos os cultivares. O índice CHL é o mais indicado para estimar indiretamente o teor de nitrato na seiva do pecíolo, o teor de N na matéria seca e a quantidade de N acumulada na quarta folha. Tanto o índice SPAD quanto o índice CHL podem prognosticar a produtividade final de tubérculos de batata e foi estabelecido um modelo utilizando esses índices.

ABSTRACT The use of indexes is a practical and important tool for the nitrogen fertilization management on potato crop, and can be used to prognosis the yield of tubers. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of splitting nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen indexes, as well as to establish a model for the prognosis of tuber yield. The Agate and Asterix cultivars were used in two independent experiments. The treatments consisted of: T1 - control without N fertilization; T2 - 50% of N dose at planting and 50% of N dose at 22 days after plant emergence (DAE); and T3 - 100% of N dose at planting. Urea was used as source of N and the total dose applied was 220 kg ha-1 of N. The indexes evaluated were: chlorophyll (CHL), Flavonol (FLV), nitrogen balance (NBI), evaluated with Dualex, and SPAD, determined in the fourth fully developed leaf, at 10, 21, 34, 48, 62 and 76 DAE. Dose and N splitting interfered on the evaluated indexes and the values of SPAD, CHL and NBI decreased with increasing in plant age, while the FLV increased for both cultivars. The CHL index was the most suitable to indirectly estimate the petiole sap nitrate content, the N content in the dry matter and the N accumulated in the fourth leaf. Both indexes, SPAD and CHL, can be used to prognosis the final potato tuber yield and a model was established using these indexes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes combinações de cultivares de uva e porta-enxertos nas características químicas de sucos de uva. Foram avaliados seis tratamentos, que consistiram de combinações entre as cultivares de uva Isabel Precoce e BRS Cora com os porta-enxertos 'IAC 766', 'IAC 313' e 'IAC 572'. Aproximadamente 10 L de suco foram obtidos por tratamento. Foram realizadas análises de coloração, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, pH, antocianinas, compostos fenólicos totais, açúcares totais, e quantificação e identificação de aminas biogênicas por HPLC. Aminas biogênicas, tais como putrescina, cadaverina, espermidina e espermina, foram encontradas em todas as cultivares avaliadas. Por meio da análise de componentes principais (PCA), os tratamentos podem ser divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a cultivar. Sucos obtidos de 'Isabel Precoce' são caracterizados pelos maiores teores de açúcares totais e sólidos solúveis; no entanto, sucos de 'BRS Cora' correlacionam-se positivamente com conteúdo fenólico, antocianinas, e parâmetros de coloração e acidez. As diferenças encontradas por meio da PCA, para sucos das cultivares Isabel Precoce e BRS Cora, indicam que, independentemente do porta-enxerto utilizado, o fator mais importante na caracterização química dos sucos é a cultivar de uva.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different combinations of grape cultivars and rootstocks on chemical characteristics of grape juices. Six treatments were evaluated, consisting of combinations between the Isabel Precoce and BRS Cora grape cultivars and the 'IAC 766', 'IAC 313', and 'IAC 572' rootstocks. Approximately 10 L of juice were obtained per treatment. Analyses of color, total soluble solids content, pH, anthocyanins, total phenolics, total sugars, and quantification and identification of biogenic amines by HPLC were performed. Biogenic amines, such as putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, and spermine, were found in all evaluated cultivars. By principal component analysis (PCA), treatments can be divided into two groups, according to the cultivar. Juices obtained from 'Isabel Precoce' are characterized by higher levels of total sugar content and soluble solids; however, juices from 'BRS Cora' are positively correlated with phenolic content, anthocyanins, and color and acidity parameters. The differences found by PCA for juices from the Isabel Precoce and BRS Cora cultivars indicate that, regardless of the rootstock used, the most important factor in the chemical characterization of juices is the grape cultivar.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of integral and decaffeinated coffee brews (Coffea arabica L and C. canephora Pierre) on the metabolic parameters of rats fed with hyperlipidemic diet. Thirty male Wistar rats (initial weight of 270 g ± 20 g) were used in the study, which were divided into six groups five each. The treatments were normal diet, hyperlipidemic diet, hyperlipidemic diet associated with integral coffee arabica or canephora brews (7.2 mL/kg/day) and hyperlipidemic diet associated to decaffeinated arabica, or canephora brews, using the same dosage. After 41 days, performance analyses were conducted.The rats were then euthanized and the carcasses were used for the analysis of dried ether extract and crude protein. Fractions of adipose tissue were processed for histological analysis. There was a reduction in weight gain and accumulation of lipids in the carcasses, lower diameter of adipocytes and a lower relative weight of the liver and kidneys of rats fed with hyperlipidemic diet associated with integral coffee brew. Integral coffee brew reduced the obesity in the rats receiving hyperlipidemic diet, but the same effect did not occur with the decaffeinated types.

A crescente demanda por recursos hídricos acentua a necessidade de redução do desperdício de água através de um manejo mais adequado da irrigação. No caso particular da cafeicultura irrigada, que nos últimos anos apresentou crescimento com predominância da irrigação por gotejamento, o aprimoramento das técnicas de manejo da irrigação por gotejamento é uma necessidade. O manejo adequado do gotejamento depende do conhecimento do padrão espacial de distribuição de umidade no interior da faixa molhada, formada sob as linhas de irrigação. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas malhas de 24 tensiômetros para determinar o armazenamento de água no interior de faixas molhadas, formadas sob gotejadores, com vazão de 3,78 L h-1, uniformemente espaçados de 40 cm, submetidos a dois critérios distintos de irrigação (turno fixo e tensão de 60 kPa). Estimativas de armazenamento baseadas em análises unidimensionais, considerando apenas variações na profundidade, foram comparadas com estimativas bidimensionais. Os resultados indicam que, com menor turno de irrigação, a análise unidimensional não é adequada. Para maior turno de irrigação, a análise bidimensional é dispensável, sendo a unidimensional suficiente para o cálculo do volume da água armazenada na faixa molhada.

The increasing demand for water resources accentuates the need to reduce water waste through a more appropriate irrigation management. In the particular case of irrigated coffee planting, which in recent years presented growth with the predominance of drip irrigation, the improvement of drip irrigation management techniques is a necessity. The proper management of drip irrigation depends on the knowledge of the spatial pattern of soil moisture distribution inside the wetted strip formed under the irrigation lines. In this study, grids of 24 tensiometers were used to determine the water storage within the wetted strip formed under drippers, with a 3.78 L h-1 discharge, evenly spaced by 0.4 m, subjected to two different management criteria (fixed irrigation interval and 60 kPa tension). Estimates of storage based on a one-dimensional analysis, that only considers depth variations, were compared with two-dimensional estimates. The results indicate that for high-frequency irrigation the one-dimensional analysis is not appropriate. However, under less frequent irrigation, the two-dimensional analysis is dispensable, being the one-dimensional sufficient for calculating the water volume stored in the wetted strip.

The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of increasing the stocking density in the larviculture of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in saline water. Six-day post-hatched larvae (average weight of 0.09±0.002 g), at the start of the exogenous feeding, were stocked in twelve 8 L tanks at densities of 1, 10, 20 and 30 larvae/L. The larvae were fed a diet consisting of 40% crude protein five times per day. During larviculture, water was kept at a salinity of 2 g of common salt/L. At the end of the 28-day experiment, the survival rate, length, weight, temperature, water salinity and conductivity were not affected by the different treatments. The dissolved oxygen and pH, however, decreased as density increased, whereas total ammonia concentration, turbidity and biomass showed a direct relationship with the increase of stocking density. Consequently, the present study shows for the first time that the larviculture of Nile tilapia is possible with up to 30 larvae/L in water with 2 g of salt/L.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water and thermal stress on the germination and vigor of carrot seeds. Two experiments were performed in the Universidade Federal de Viçosa; three lots of carrot seeds were used, lot 1 of cv. "Carandaí " and the lots 2 and 3 of cv. "Brasília ". In experiment 1 - Water stress - Four osmotic potentials, 0.0; -0.3; -0.6 and -0.9 MPa were used to humidify the paper substratum, with a solution of PEG 6000 in concentrations of 0; 17.16; 25.68 and 32.16 g L-1. Germination and vigor were estimated. For experiment 2 - Thermal stress - Three temperatures were used, 15°, 20° and 35° C, to evaluate the quality of the seeds. It A paper towel humidified with water was used as substratum, in the proportion of 2.5 times the weight of the paper. It is concluded that the germination of the carrot seeds was not affected by potentials of -0.3 MPa. The length of the roots and the first germination count were efficient to evaluate the vigor of the carrot seeds, under water and thermal stress, allowing the classification of the tested lots. Temperatures of 15° and 35° C influenced the germination and the vigor of the carrot seeds negatively.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do estresse hídrico e térmico na germinação e no vigor de sementes de cenoura. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, utilizando-se três lotes de sementes de cenoura, sendo o lote 1 do cv. "Carandaí", os lotes 2 e 3 do cv. "Brasília". No experimento 1 - Estresse hídrico - Quatro potenciais osmótico, 0,0; -0,3; -0,6 e -0,9 MPa foram utilizados para o umedecimento do papel substrato, com uma solução de PEG 6000 nas concentrações de 0; 17,16; 25,68 e 32,16 g L -1. As sementes foram, então, avaliadas quanto à germinação e ao vigor . Para o experimento 2 - Estresse térmico - Três temperaturas, 15, 20 e 35 foram utilizadas na condução dos testes para avaliação da qualidade das sementes. Utilizou-se como substrato para as sementes o papel toalha umedecido com água, na proporção de 2,5 vezes o peso do papel. Conclui-se que a germinação das sementes de cenoura não foi afetada até potenciais de -0,3 MPa. O comprimento da radícula e a primeira contagem de germinação foram eficientes para avaliar o vigor das sementes de cenoura, sob estresse hídrico e térmico, permitindo a classificação dos lotes testados. Temperaturas de 15 e 35 oc influenciaram negativamente a germinação e o vigor das sementes de cenoura.

INTRODUÇÃO: O transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) é um quadro heterogêneo, no qual subtipos têm sido propostos. Estudos anteriores sugerem que gênero desempenha papel relevante na expressão fenotípica. O objetivo foi realizar uma revisão convencional da literatura sobre diferenças de gênero em relação a aspectos clínicos e genéticos ou familiares do TOC. MÉTODO: Realizou-se uma revisão convencional da literatura incluindo todos os artigos que investigaram aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e genéticos do TOC, de acordo com o gênero. A pesquisa foi baseada em publicações disponíveis nas bases de dados Medline e PsycInfo nos últimos 20 anos, usando como palavras-chave: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), e: gender, sex, male, female, demographic characteristics, clinical features, clinical characteristics, genetic, genes, genetics gender OCD, genes OCD, genes OCD males, genes OCD females. RESULTADO: Sessenta e três artigos de fenótipo e genética foram selecionados. Na maioria dos estudos, o sexo masculino associou-se mais que o feminino com: ser solteiro, apresentar início mais precoce dos sintomas, maior prejuízo social, mais sintomas sexuais, religiosos e de agressão, e mais comorbidade com transtorno de tiques e abuso de substâncias. Pacientes do sexo feminino apresentam mais sintomas de contaminação/limpeza e mais comorbidade com transtornos alimentares e do controle de impulsos. Estudos genéticos e familiares são controversos, mas indicam que o gênero pode desempenhar um papel na expressão da doença. CONCLUSÃO: Gênero é um fator relevante a ser considerado na avaliação de pacientes com TOC. São necessários mais estudos para determinar se este fator define de fato um grupo homogêneo e particular de TOC.

INTRODUCTION: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous condition, in which subtypes have been proposed. Previous studies suggested that gender plays a relevant role in OCD phenotypic expression. This study aimed to review the literature on gender differences in clinical, genetic or familial aspects of OCD. METHOD: A conventional review was conducted, including all papers that investigated demographic, clinical, and genetic aspects of OCD according to gender. The search was based on data available in Medline and PsycINFO databases in the last 20 years, using as keywords: obsessive-compulsive disorder; and: gender, sex, male, female, demographic characteristics, clinical features, clinical characteristics, genetic, genes, genetics gender OCD, genes OCD, genes OCD males, genes OCD females. RESULTS: Sixty three of 487 phenotypical and genetics studies were selected. Most studies indicate that male patients are more likely than females to be single, present early onset of symptoms and chronic course of the disorder, greater social impairment, more sexual-religious and aggressive symptoms, and greater comorbidity with tic and substance use disorders. Female patients present more contamination/cleaning symptoms and greater comorbidity with eating and impulse-control disorders. Genetic and family studies are inconclusive, but suggest that gender may play a role in the disease expression. CONCLUSIONS: Gender is a relevant factor that should be taken into account when evaluating OCD patients. More studies are necessary to determine whether in fact it defines a homogeneous and particular group in OCD.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e qualidade de frutos de tomateiro, híbrido Vênus, produzidos em substratos, com aplicação de solução nutritiva e de ácidos húmicos (AH). Foram avaliadas 4 doses de AH (0, 20, 40 e 80 L ha-1) e 4 substratos: S1 (fibra de coco (FC)), S2 (FC + casca de café carbonizada (CC) na proporção 1:3), S3 (FC + CC na proporção 2:3) e S4 (CC). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4x4. As mudas foram transplantadas com 35 dias para sacolas plásticas com capacidade de 7 L. Os AH foram aplicados quatro vezes em um intervalo de oito dias, sendo a primeira aplicação oito dias após o transplantio. Não houve efeito significativo dos AH sobre a produtividade e a qualidade de frutos, exceto na relação sólidos solúveis (SS)/acidez titulável (AT). Doses de até 36 L ha-1 aumentaram AT, porém, acima desse valor, favoreceram o incremento de SS. A casca de café carbonizada, nos tratamentos S2, S3 e S4, não alterou a produção de frutos pequenos, médios, não-comerciais, umidade, pH, SS, AT e SS/AT, porém, diminuiu significativamente a produção total, comercial e de frutos grandes. A produção de frutos comerciais em S1 foi significativamente superior à das plantas dos demais tratamentos, com média de 142,6 t ha-1, apresentando aumento médio de produtividade de 24,4%, 29,3% e 36,1%, em relação às plantas dos tratamentos S2, S3 e S4, respectivamente.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the yield and quality of tomato fruits, hybrid "Vênus", produced on substrates and with application of nutrient solution and humic acids (AH). Four doses of AH were evaluated (0, 20, 40 and 80 L ha-1) and 4 substrates: S1 (coconut fiber (CF)), S2 (FC + carbonized coffee husk (CC) in the ratio 1:3), S3 (CF + CC in the ratio 2:3) and S4 (CC), were evaluated following the randomized blocks design in factorial 4x4 scheme with four replications. The 35-day old seedlings were transplanted into plastic bags of 7 L. The humic acids were applied four times in eight-day intervals, and the first application was carried out eight days after transplanting. There was no significant effect of AH on the yield and quality of fruit, except in relation to soluble solids (SS)/titratable acidity (AT). Doses of up to 36 L ha-1, increase the AT, above that amount favored increase of SS. The carbonized coffee husk in treatments S2, S3 and S4, did not alter the production of small fruits, medium, non-commercial, moisture, pH, SS, AT and SS/AT, however, significantly reduced the total production, commercial and large size fruit. The production of fruits in S1 was significantly higher compared to the other treatments, with an average of 142.6 t ha-1, showing average increase in yield of 24.4%, 29.3% and 36.1% compared to plant of treatments S2, S3 and S4, respectively.

Melhoria na eficiência de aplicação do N pode ser conseguida pela sincronização da demanda da planta com o suprimento de N durante o ciclo da batateira. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os valores ótimos de índices relacionados com o estado de nitrogênio ao longo do ciclo da batata cultivada em ambiente protegido, utilizando distintos materiais propagativos, tubérculo-semente, minitubérculo e broto, comuns na produção de tubérculo-semente básica. Os índices, determinados na quarta folha e na mais velha, foram intensidade da cor verde, avaliada pelo índice SPAD e pela tabela de cor, e características agronômicas: comprimento, largura, área e número de folíolos. Foram realizados três experimentos em vaso, em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Em cada experimento, instalado no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, foram utilizadas seis doses de nitrogênio (0; 25; 50; 100; 200 e 400 mg dm-3). Os índices foram determinados a cada 10 dias iniciando-se aos 20 dias após a emergência. Com cada material de propagação, o índice SPAD medido tanto na QF quanto na FV respondeu de forma diferenciada ao incremento na dose de N e atingiu os valores ótimos de 41,3; 40,5; 37,0; 35,8; 36,0; 31,9 e 29,8 dos 20 aos 80 DAE, respectivamente, ao ser utilizado o tubérculo-semente básica. Com todos os materiais de propagação, a idade da planta influencia significativamente todas as variáveis, exceto o número de hastes ou o número de folhas, quando é utilizado broto ou minitubérculo, respectivamente. O valor ótimo dos índices relacionados com a intensidade da cor das folhas e das características agronômicas da planta foram estabelecidos e variam com o material de propagação e idade da planta de batata.

Improvement in the efficiency of N application can be achieved by synchronizing the plant demand with N supply during the potato cycle. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum values of nitrogen indexes over the cycle of potato grown in a greenhouse, using different propagative materials such as seed tuber, minituber, and sprout tuber, common in the pre-basic seed tuber production. The indexes, determined in the fourth (FL) and the oldest (OL) leaf, were green color intensity, measured by chlorophyll meter and color chart, and agronomic characteristics as leaflet length, width, area and number. Three experiments were carried out in pots in a greenhouse at the University Federal of Viçosa. In each experiment, arranged in a randomized block design with four replications, there was evaluated six nitrogen rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg dm-3). The indexes were determined every 10 days, starting 20 days after plant emergence (DAE). With each propagating material, the SPAD index measured in both the FL and the OL responded differently to the increase in N and reached the optimal values of 41.3, 40.5, 37.0, 35.8, 36.0, 31.9 and 29.8 g.kg-1 from 20 to 80 DAE, respectively when seed tuber was used. In all the propagating material, plant age significantly affected all variables except number of stems or the number of leaves, when it is used sprout tuber or minitubers, respectively. Optimum values of variables over the potato cycle depended upon propagation material and time of evaluation.