Abstract Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a super-fruit with high ascorbic acid content and its quality can be highly affected by the genetic and environmental conditions. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the influence of genetic variability on acerola quality traits. It was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. PubMed, Scopus and SciELO electronic databases were searched using terms acerola, selection, and genotypes. 29 studies were selected after assessing articles for eligibility criteria, which reported data on 22 quality parameters. A high genetic diversity was observed for all quality traits. Soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents are the main parameters determined in studies with acerola. Titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio and pH are also evaluated in most studies. Different studies have already identified possible genotypes for use in acerola breeding programs based on fruit quality, both for launching new cultivars and for use as parents in crosses. Our review is a useful basis for acerola breeding programs and germplasm conservation. Future studies are required to further identify and quantify bioactive compounds in acerolas of different genotypes.

No Brasil, a Caatinga é área prioritária para conservação da biodiversidade, na qual muitas comunidades de agricultores mantêm práticas agrícolas fundamentais para a conservação on farm. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento sobre o perfil socioeconômico e cultural de feirantes, identificando espécies e manejos em suas roças, que favoreçam a conservação on farm da diversidade de espécies cultivadas. Foi analisada a influência da área das roças sobre a riqueza e abundância de plantas. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de visitas em feiras livres e unidades familiares de agricultores, localizadas no município de Jequié - BA, nordeste do Brasil. Foram citadas 28 espécies para fins alimentares, pertencentes a 17 famílias botânicas e totalizando 75 etnovariedades. A influência da área das roças sobre a riqueza teve baixa correlação (r = 0,29, p < 0,01), enquanto a abundância de plantas, forte correlação (r = 0,69, p < 0,01). A maioria dos agricultores tem pouca instrução, baixa renda e, nas roças estudadas, foi verificada a ocorrência de conservação on farm.

The Caatinga is a priority area for biodiversity conservation in Brazil. In these areas there are many communities of farmers that maintain traditional agricultural practices which are vital for on farm conservation. The aim of this study was a survey on the socioeconomic and cultural profile of stallholders, identifying species and managements in their farms that favor on farm conservation of the diversity of cultivated species. The influence of the area of cultivated land on the richness and abundance of plants was analyzed. The survey was carried out through visits to street markets and family farmer units located in the municipality of Jequié - BA, Northeastern Brazil. Twenty-eight species were cited for food utilization, belonging to 17 families, totalling 75 etnovarieties. The influence of the area of cultivated land on the species richness showed low correlation (r = 0.29, p < 0.01), but showed a strong correlation (r = 0.69, p <0.01) on species abundance. Most farmers have little formal schooling and low income. The occurrence of on farm conservation was detected in the studied areas.

Foram caracterizadas as plantas: hiperídrica, intermediária e normal de um clone de Bidens pilosa mantido em cultivo in vitro por meio de isozimas e da atividade de peroxidase. Empregando-se a eletroforese em géis de amido a 12%, testou-se seis isozimas, sendo detectado polimorfismo em peroxidase e fosfatase ácida, permitindo caracterizar cada tipo de planta. Não houve polimorfismo em fosfogluco isomerase, fosfoglucomutase, glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase e malato desidrogenase. A atividade da peroxidase foi maior nas plantas hiperídricas e intermediárias. Conclui-se que a variabilidade enzimática tem potencial como marcador de hiperidricidade em plantas mantidas in vitro.

Activity of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and isozymes analysis of a Bidens pilosa clone maintained in vitro culture were characterized in hyperhydric, intermediary and normal plants. Electrophorese in starch gels (12%) of six isozymes systems was tested, polymorphisms in peroxidase and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) were detected. There was absence of polymorphism in phosphoglucoisomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37). Comparing the activity of peroxidase enzyme, it was higher in hyperhydric and intermediary plants in relation to normal ones. Enzymatic variability is a potential tool as hyperhydricity marker in plants grown in vitro.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos em populações F2 do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cultivadas em duas épocas tradicionais no Estado de Minas Gerais. Foi realizado o cruzamento entre os cultivares 'Ouro 1919' e 'Milionário 1732', e as populações genitoras, F1 e F2 foram cultivadas na primavera-verão e no verão-outono. Nas duas épocas, as estimativas de herdabilidades foram baixas para todos os caracteres e o número de vagens por planta apresentou as maiores correlações fenotípicas e de ambiente com a produção de grãos.

This work aimed to estimate genetic parameters in F2 populations of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cultivated in two traditional seasons in Minas Gerais State (Brazil). The cultivars 'Ouro 1919' and 'Milinário 1732' were crossed, and the parental, F1 and F2 populations were cultivated in the spring-summer and summer-fall. In the two cultivation seasons, the heritabilities were low for all characters, while the number of pods per plant showed the greatest phenotypic and environmental correlations with grain yield.