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Resumo A pitaia vermelha (Hylocereus costaricensis) é uma promissora espécie, com elevado potencial de cultivo devido às qualidades organolépticas e funcionais de seus frutos. Entretanto, a salinidade da água de irrigação pode afetar o rendimento produtivo da cultura. Diante disso, materiais ricos em substâncias orgânicas podem minimizar os danos provocados pelo excesso de sais no solo e/ou na água. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de fontes de matéria orgânica como atenuante do estresse salino na produção e respostas bioquímicas de mudas de pitaia vermelha. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 × 5, com cinco fontes de matéria orgânica (húmus, esterco ovino, biofertilizante, composto orgânico e areia + solo) e quatro salinidade (0.6, 2.6, 4.6 e 6.6 dS m-1), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por vaso foi utilizado. O comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, diâmetro do cladódio, número de cladódios, número de brotos, volume da raiz, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e massa seca total, razão da massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea, clorofila a, b e total, aminoácidos e os açúcares solúveis foram avaliados aos 120 dias após o início da aplicação dos tratamentos. A pitaia vermelha é moderadamente tolerante a salinidade. O composto orgânico e estrume ovino atenuam os efeitos nocivos da salinidade nas mudas de pitaia vermelha. Sob condições de estresse salino, as plantas aumentam os níveis de aminoácidos e açúcares totais.

Abstract Red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) is a promising species, with high cultivation potential due to the organoleptic and functional qualities of its fruits. However, irrigation water salinity can affect the crop yield. Therefore, materials rich in organic substances can minimize the damage caused by excess salts in soil and/or water. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic matter sources as attenuators of salt stress on the production and biochemical responses of red pitaya seedlings. A completely randomized design in 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with five sources of organic matter (humus, sheep manure, biofertilizer, organic compost and sand + soil) and four salinities (0.6, 2.6, 4.6 and 6.6 dS m-1) with four replicates and two plants per plot was used. The shoot length, root length, cladode diameter, number of cladodes, number of sprotus, root volume, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, root and shoot dry mass ratio, chlorophyll a, b and total, amino acids and soluble sugars were evaluated at 120 days after the treatments began to be applied. Red pitaya is moderately tolerant to salinity (ECw from 4.0 to 6.0 dS m-1). Organic compost and sheep manure attenuate the harmful effects of salinity on red pitaya seedlings. Under salt stress conditions, red pitaya plants increase their levels of proline, amino acids and total sugars.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.258476

Reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke: where are we in 2023?
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Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques

; Pontes- Neto, Octávio Marques

; Pille, Arthur

; Secchi, Thaís Leite

; Alves, Maramélia Araújo de Miranda

; Rebello, Letícia Costa

; Oliveira- Filho, Jamary

; Lange, Marcos Christiano

; Freitas, Gabriel R. de

; Andrade, João Brainer Clares de

; Rocha, Letícia Januzi de Almeida

; Bezerra, Daniel da Cruz

; Souza, Ana Claudia de

; Carbonera, Leonardo Augusto

; Nogueira, Raul Gomes

; Silva, Gisele Sampaio

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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dec 2023, Volume 81 N. 12 Pages 1030 - 1039

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Over the last three decades, stroke care has undergone significant transformations mainly driven by the introduction of reperfusion therapy and the organization of systems of care. Patients receiving treatment through a well-structured stroke service have a much higher chance of favorable outcomes, thereby decreasing both disability and mortality. In this article, we reviewed the scientific evidence for stroke reperfusion therapy, including thrombolysis and thrombectomy, and its implementation in the public health system in Brazil.

Resumo Nas últimas três décadas, o tratamento do AVC sofreu transformações significativas, impulsionadas principalmente pela introdução das terapias de reperfusão e pela organização dos serviços de AVC. Os pacientes que recebem tratamento em um serviço de AVC bem estruturado têm uma probabilidade muito maior de resultados favoráveis, diminuindo assim a incapacidade funcional e a mortalidade. Neste artigo, revisamos as evidências científicas para as terapias de reperfusão do AVC, incluindo trombólise e trombectomia e sua implementação no sistema público de saúde no Brasil.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777721

Posicionamento do Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre o Uso do Strain Miocárdico na Rotina do Cardiologista – 2023
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Almeida, André Luiz Cerqueira

; Melo, Marcelo Dantas Tavares de

; Bihan, David Costa de Souza Le

; Vieira, Marcelo Luiz Campos

; Pena, José Luiz Barros

; Del Castillo, José Maria

; Abensur, Henry

; Hortegal, Renato de Aguiar

; Otto, Maria Estefania Bosco

; Piveta, Rafael Bonafim

; Dantas, Maria Rosa

; Assef, Jorge Eduardo

; Beck, Adenalva Lima de Souza

; Santo, Thais Harada Campos Espirito

; Silva, Tonnison de Oliveira

; Salemi, Vera Maria Cury

; Rocon, Camila

; Lima, Márcio Silva Miguel

; Barberato, Silvio Henrique

; Rodrigues, Ana Clara

; Rabschkowisky, Arnaldo

; Frota, Daniela do Carmo Rassi

; Gripp, Eliza de Almeida

; Barretto, Rodrigo Bellio de Mattos

; Silva, Sandra Marques e

; Cauduro, Sanderson Antonio

; Pinheiro, Aurélio Carvalho

; Araujo, Salustiano Pereira de

; Tressino, Cintia Galhardo

; Silva, Carlos Eduardo Suaide

; Monaco, Claudia Gianini

; Paiva, Marcelo Goulart

; Fisher, Cláudio Henrique

; Alves, Marco Stephan Lofrano

; Grau, Cláudia R. Pinheiro de Castro

; Santos, Maria Veronica Camara dos

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Morhy, Samira Saady

; Leal, Gabriela Nunes

; Soares, Andressa Mussi

; Cruz, Cecilia Beatriz Bittencourt Viana

; Guimarães Filho, Fabio Villaça

; Assunção, Bruna Morhy Borges Leal

; Fernandes, Rafael Modesto

; Saraiva, Roberto Magalhães

; Tsutsui, Jeane Mike

; Soares, Fábio Luis de Jesus

; Falcão, Sandra Nívea dos Reis Saraiva

; Hotta, Viviane Tiemi

; Armstrong, Anderson da Costa

; Hygidio, Daniel de Andrade

; Miglioranza, Marcelo Haertel

; Camarozano, Ana Cristina

; Lopes, Marly Maria Uellendahl

; Cerci, Rodrigo Julio

; Siqueira, Maria Eduarda Menezes de

; Torreão, Jorge Andion

; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

; Felix, Alex

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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dec 2023, Volume 120 N. 12 elocation e20230646

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230646

Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block versus fascia iliaca compartment (FI) block for hip surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Andrade, Priscila P.

; Lombardi, Rafael A.

; Marques, Isabela R.

; Braga, Anna Carla Di Napoli Andrade e

; Isaias, Beatrice R.S.

; Heiser, Nicholas E.

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

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dec 2023, Volume 73 N. 6 Pages 794 - 809

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: This study compares Fascia Iliaca compartment (FI) block and Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block for hip surgery. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically searched in April 2022. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); comparing PENG block versus FI block for hip surgery; patients over 18 years of age; and reporting outcomes immediately postoperative. We excluded studies with overlapped populations and without a head-to-head comparison of the PENG block vs. FI block. Mean-Difference (MD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were pooled. Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were performed to assess inconsistency. Quality assessment and risk of bias were performed according to Cochrane recommendations. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 384 patients were included, of whom 196 (51%) underwent PENG block. After hip surgery, PENG block reduced static pain score at 12h post-surgery (MD = 0.61 mm; 95% CI 1.12 to -0.09; p = 0.02) and cumulative postoperative oral morphine consumption in the first 24h (MD = -6.93 mg; 95% CI -13.60 to -0.25; p = 0.04) compared with the FI group. However, no differences were found between the two techniques regarding dynamic and static pain scores at 6 h or 24 h post-surgery, or in the time to the first analgesic rescue after surgery. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PENG block reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery and reduced pain scores at rest at 12 h post-surgery. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of the PENG block and its potential benefits compared to FI block. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022339628 PROSPERO registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? RecordID=339628

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2023.07.007

Analysis of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) Betalains by LC-MS
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Araujo-León, Jesús Alfredo

; Aguilar-Hernández, Victor

; Sánchez-delPino, Ivonne

; Brito-Argáez, Ligia

; Peraza-Sánchez, Sergio R.

; Xingú-López, Andrés

; Ortiz-Andrade, Rolffy

Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society

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sep 2023, Volume 67 N. 3 Pages 227 - 239

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract. Betalains are natural pigments responsible for the colour of flowers, bracts, stems, and leaves of genus Amaranthus, and they are bioactive compounds. Due to their great chemical diversity, the determination and confident identification of betalains are still challenges and of great interest as they are natural colourants for health benefit. By high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS), the catalog of betalains in red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) was defined. In total, 30 betacyanins and 13 betaxanthins were found. Mass measurements for the parent ion and for its fragments with errors of less than 5 parts per million (ppm) achieved the recommended criteria for identification of compounds. This work defines the main betalains in red amaranth (A. cruentus) and valorizes the leaves and inflorescence of red amaranth as betalain pigments sources.

Resumen. Las betalaínas son pigmentos naturales responsables del color en las flores, brácteas, tallos y hojas del género Amaranthus y también son compuestos bioactivos. Debido a su amplia diversidad química, la identificación y determinación confiable de betalaínas siguen siendo desafíos y son de gran interés puesto que son colorantes naturales beneficiosos para la salud. Por medio de cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem se definió el catálogo de betalaínas en “amaranto rojo” (Amaranthus cruentus L.). En total se encontraron 30 betacianinas y 13 betaxantinas. Las mediciones de las masas del ion molecular y sus fragmentos con errores menores a 5 partes por millón (ppm) garantizaron los criterios recomendados para la identificación de compuestos. Este trabajo define las principales betalaínas del amaranto rojo (A. cruentus) y valora las hojas e inflorescencias del amaranto rojo como fuente de pigmentos betalaínicos.

https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1967

Fruit production and quality of ‘Paluma’ guava with nematode-tolerant rootstock irrigated in the semi-arid region
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Simões, Welson L.

; Andrade, Victor P. M. de

; Silva, Jucicléia S. da

; Santos, Carlos A. F.

; Sousa, José S. C. de

; Calgaro, Marcelo

; Barbosa, Kaio V. F.

; Nascimento, Bruno R. do

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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may 2023, Volume 27 N. 5 Pages 400 - 406

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Using nematode-resistant and/or -tolerant rootstock is a strategy that has maintained guava cultivation feasible in the irrigated perimeters of the Brazilian semi-arid region. The objective was to evaluate the production, gas exchange, and fruit quality of ‘Paluma’ guava with and without nematode-tolerant rootstock under different irrigation depths and production periods. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in the mixed 2 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to two forms of cultivation of ‘Paluma’ guava (without and with nematode-tolerant rootstock), four irrigation depths (60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc), and two production periods, with four replicates. Guava plants were evaluated for physiological, production and post-harvest quality parameters. Gas exchange in ‘Paluma’ guava leaves was higher in the second production cycle, under irrigation depths above 100% ETc, not differing with the use of the rootstock. The use of the rootstock ‘BRS Guaraçá’ promotes a greater number of fruits and production with the increase of the irrigation depth, mainly in the second half of the year, with the increase of soluble solids and titratable acidity in the fruits.

RESUMO A utilização de porta enxerto resistente e ou tolerante a nematoides é uma estratégia que tem tornado viável a manutenção dos cultivos de goiabeira nos perímetros irrigados do semiárido brasileiro. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a produção, trocas gasosas e qualidade dos frutos da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ com e sem o porta enxerto tolerante a nematoide sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e épocas de produção no Semiárido Brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial misto 2 × 4 × 2, sendo duas formas de cultivo da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ (sem e com o porta enxerto tolerante a nematoide), quatro lâminas de irrigação (60, 80, 100 e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc) e duas épocas de produção, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações fisiológicas das plantas, produção e qualidade pós-colheita. As trocas gasosas nas folhas da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ foram maiores no segundo ciclo de produção, quando irrigada com lâminas de irrigação acima de 100% da ETc, não diferindo com o uso do porta enxerto. O uso do porta-enxerto ‘BRS Guaraçá’ proporciona um maior número de frutos e produção com o aumento da lâmina de irrigação, principalmente no segundo semestre do ano, bem como o aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez nos frutos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p400-406

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement under NIV in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Severe Ventilatory Dysfunction: A Safe and Effective Procedure
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Gaspar, Rui

; Ramalho, Rosa

; Coelho, Rosa

; Andrade, Patrícia

; Goncalves, Miguel R.

; Macedo, Guilherme

GE-Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology

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feb 2023, Volume 30 N. 1 Pages 61 - 67

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with an inexorably progressive course which leads to a progressive neuromuscular weakness. Weight loss is one of the major bad prognostic factors in ALS. The placement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is of paramount importance in patients with dysphagia to improve the disease outcomes, although some fear exists regarding the possible ventilatory complications during the procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of PEG tube insertion under non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with ALS and severe ventilatory impairment. Methods: A retrospective study of all consecutive PEGs placed in our department from May 2011 to January 2018 in patients with ALS was performed. The procedure was performed under non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation for ventilatory support. Results: We included 59 patients with ALS with severe ventilatory impairment, 58% were female, with a mean age of 67.2 ± 10.1 years and a median follow-up of 6 [2-15] months. The main indication for PEG placement was dysphagia (98%). The median time for PEG tube insertion since the established diagnosis of ALS was 12 [6-25] months and 4 [2-18] months since the beginning of bulbar symptoms. The majority of the patients had placed a 20-Fr PEG (63%) and under mild sedation with midazolam (80%), all under NIV. There were no immediate complications during and after the procedure (no episodes of aspiration or orotracheal intubation) and mortality. Conclusion: The placement of PEG is a very important procedure in patients with ALS and severe ventilatory impairment. The interdisciplinary department collaboration permitted the placement of PEG under NIV, in a safe and effective procedure in this special population.

Resumo Introdução: A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa com um curso inexorável que leva a fraqueza neuromuscular progressiva. A perda de peso é um dos principais fatores de mau prognóstico na ELA. Apesar do receio de complicações ventilatórias durante o procedimento, a colocação de gastrostomia percutânea endoscópica em doentes com disfagia é extremamente importante para melhorar o prognóstico. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a segurança e eficácia da colocação de gastrostomia percutânea endoscópica (GEP) sob ventilação não invasiva (VNI) em doentes com ELA e disfunção ventilatória grave. Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo de todas as gastrostomias percutâneas endoscópicas colocadas em doentes com ELA no nosso departamento entre Maio 2011 e Janeiro 2018. O procedimento foi realizado sob VNI para suporte ventilatório. Resultados: Foram incluídos 59 doentes com ELA e disfunção ventilatória grave, 58% do sexo feminino, com uma idade média de 67.2 ± 10.1 anos e um follow-up mediano de 6 [2-15] meses. A principal indicação para colocação de gastrostomia percutânea endoscópica foi disfagia (98%). O tempo mediano para a colocação de GEP desde o diagnóstico de ELA foi 12 [6-25] meses e 4 [2-18] meses desde o início dos sintomas bulbares. A maioria dos doentes colocaram uma GEP de 20 Fr (63%) e sob sedação com midazolam (80%), todos sob VNI. Não se verificaram complicações imediatas durante e após o procedimento (sem episódios de aspiração ou entubação orotraqueal) e mortalidade. Conclusão: A colocação de GEP é um procedimento muito importante em doentes com ELA e disfunção ventilatória grave. A colaboração interdisciplinar permitiu a colocação de GEP sob ventilação não invasiva, tornando-o um procedimento seguro e eficaz nesta população especial.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000519926

Two new species of Ribes (Grossulariaceae) from Peru
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Weigend, Maximilian

; Andrade-Galán, Ana

Revista Peruana de Biología

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jan 2023, Volume 30 N. 1 elocation e22532

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The genus Ribes (Grossulariaceae) has a center of diversity in the tropical Andes, especially in Peru. Several new species have been discovered in recent years and additional collections keep turning up material of undescribed species. In the present study we describe two additional new species, both from the wide-ranging species complex around Ribes andicola. Ribes lambayequensis comes from a known centre of diversity of the Andean plants, the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone, but represents the first species of the genus from Lambayeque. It differs most obviously from its geographical neighbor Ribes colandina by its two-coloured flowers in erect inflorescences (versus uniformly dark red flowers in pendulous racemes in R. colandina). The other new species is described from Apurímac and represents the first microendemic species of Ribes from this generally poorly explored region. It is a far southern outlier of the Ribes andicola group, which otherwise finds its southern range limit in the Department of La Libertad. Ribes apurimacensis differs from its closest allies in the Ribes andicola group by an exclusively glandular indument (no simple hairs) in combination with smaller leaves, a serrate leaf margin and dark red flowers.

Resumen El género Ribes (Grossulariaceae) tiene un centro de diversidad en los Andes tropicales, especialmente en el Perú. Un número de especies nuevas se describieron en los últimos años y nuevo material sigue agregando novedades taxonómicas. En el presente estudio se describen dos especies nuevas adicionales, ambas de un complejo con amplia distribución afín a Ribes andicola. Ribes lambayequensis proviene de un centro de diversidad botánica bien documentado, la denominada zona Amotape-Huancabamba, pero representa la primera especie del género en Lambayeque. Difiere claramente de su vecino geográfico Ribes colandina en sus flores bicoloras en inflorescencias erguidas (versus flores rojo marrón en inflorescencias péndulas en R. colandina). La otra especie nueva se describe de Apurímac y representa la primera especie microendémica de Ribes de esta región poco investigada. Es muy distante del resto de la distribución principal del grupo Ribes andicola, normalmente restringido a la zona al norte de La Libertad. Ribes apurimacensis difiere de sus aliados en el grupo Ribes andicola en hojas solamente glandulosas (no pubescentes) en combinación con hojas más pequeñas, márgenes de las hojas serradas (no crenadas) y flores marrón oscuro.

https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v30i1.22532

Las sustancias no bullen a la temperatura de ebullición
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Donati, Edgardo R.

; Andrade-Gamboa, Julio

Educación química

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2023, Volume 34 N. 1 Pages 204 - 217

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract In scientific jargon there are many terms that, due to historical tradition, subsist despite not keeping strict semantic rigor with a given phenomenology. In this way, different scientific meanings can coexist in a denomination. This “polysemy” causes confusion in the interpretation and in the use that students of initial science courses make of them (terms and concepts). In this paper, we present examples of some of these terms and denominations within the topic of changes of state, focusing on the boiling temperature. Its definition generates the incongruity that substances do not boil at the boiling temperature. In addition to the discussion on the possible origin and implications of this paradox, we present a proposal for the modification of certain definitions that, beyond the difficulties that its imposition could entail, tries to generate a space for reflection on the subject among teachers that could be extended to the classroom, enriching students’ learning.

Resumen En el argot científico existen muchos términos que por tradición histórica subsisten a pesar de no guardar estricta rigurosidad semántica con una dada fenomenología. De esta manera en una denominación pueden convivir significados científicos diferentes. Esta «polisemia» provoca confusiones en la interpretación y en el uso que los estudiantes de cursos iniciales de ciencias hacen de ellos (términos y conceptos). En este trabajo, presentamos ejemplos dentro del tema de cambios de estado, focalizando en la temperatura de ebullición. Su definición genera la incongruencia de que las sustancias no bullen a la temperatura de ebullición. Además de la discusión sobre el posible origen y las implicancias de esta paradoja, presentamos una propuesta de modificación de ciertas definiciones que, más allá de las dificultades que podría aparejar su imposición, intenta generar un espacio de reflexión sobre el tema entre los docentes que podría extenderse al aula enriqueciendo el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.

https://doi.org/10.22201/fq.18708404e.2023.1.83100

10.

Usos del palo dulce Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ort.) Sarg., en cuatro municipios del estado de Morelos, México
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Lorenzo-Barrera, NA.

; Andrade Rodríguez, M.

; Villegas Torres, O.G.

; Román Montes de Oca, E.

; Sotelo Nava, H.

; Rodríguez Rojas, T. de J.

; Suárez Rodríguez, R.

Polibotánica

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2023, N. 55 Pages 161 - 177

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Medicinal plants are the primary option for health in rural communities, the conservation of knowledge of the way these plants are used is of vital importance;In addition, the study of these serves as a basis to continue with its use as a therapeutic alternative. The objective of the research was to document the value of use, cultural importance, way of obtaining the medicinal plant and the pattern of ethnobotanical knowledge of Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ort.) Sarg., for the alternative treatment of health conditions of the population in the municipalities of Tepoztlán, Tlayacapan, Cuautla and Yecapixtla, Morelos. The research presents a mixed design and analysis (qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative analysis was based on semi-structured interviews with 75 informants per municipality from January to May 2021; For the quantitative analysis, the use value index (IVU to determine the cultural importance of the species), the level of significant use tramil (UST for form of use) and the chi square test (to determine the relationship and differences between variable). The results show that E. polystachya is a plant used in traditional medicine, with an IVU of 1, which indicates that it has three uses (medicinal for humans, medicinal for animals and as a material for domestic use); with a UST of 26.66% with cultural acceptance; it is commonly called palo dulce; Mainly used for kidney infection (68%), the main form of preparation is stem soaking (78%). Chi square tests indicate that people who know E. polystachya are related to the municipality where they live, their occupation, the type of housing, type of disease for which they use the plant, how to obtain it and how it is transmitted. knowledge of this plant. In conclusion, E. polystachya is a species of cultural importance and multipurpose, the local demand causes it to be taken directly from its natural habitat; Therefore, it is necessary to promote management strategies prioritizing propagation for conservation and use, in addition to promoting the transmission of traditional knowledge to prevent the erosion of cultural knowledge.

Resumen Las plantas medicinales son la opción primaria para la salud en comunidades rurales, la conservación del conocimiento de la forma de uso de estas plantas es de vital importancia; además, el estudio de estas sirve de base para continuar con su utilización como una alternativa terapéutica. El objetivo de la investigación fue documentar el valor de uso, importancia cultural, forma de obtener la planta medicinal y el patrón de conocimiento etnobotánico de Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ort.) Sarg., para el tratamiento alternativo de afecciones a la salud de la población en los municipios de Tepoztlán, Tlayacapan, Cuautla y Yecapixtla, Morelos. La investigación presenta un diseño y análisis mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo). El análisis cualitativo se basó en entrevistas semiestructuradas a 75 informantes por municipio de enero a mayo del 2021; para el análisis cuantitativo se calculó el índice de valor de uso (IVU, para determinar la importancia cultural de la especie), el nivel de uso significativo trámil (UST, para forma de uso) y prueba de chi cuadrada (para determinar la relación y diferencias entre variables). Los resultados muestran que E. polystachya es una planta utilizada en la medicina tradicional, con un IVU de 1, lo que indica que le dan tres usos (medicinal para humanos, medicinal para animales y como material de uso doméstico); con un UST de 26.66% en aceptación cultural; es comúnmente llamada palo dulce; utilizada principalmente para la infección de los riñones (68%), la principal forma de preparación es el remojo de tallos (78%). Las pruebas de Chi cuadrada indicaron que las personas que conocen E. polystachya están relacionadas con el municipio donde viven, con su ocupación, el tipo de vivienda, tipo de enfermedad para la que utilizan la planta, en la forma de obtenerla y la forma en que se transmite el conocimiento de esta planta. En conclusión, E. polystachya, es una especie de importancia cultural y multipropósito, la demanda local ocasiona que la tomen directamente de su hábitat natural; por lo cual es necesario promover estrategias de manejo, priorizando la propagación para la conservación y aprovechamiento, además de fomentar la transmisión del conocimiento tradicional para evitar la erosión del saber cultural.

https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.55.11

11.

Toxicity and larvicidal activity on Aedes aegypti of citronella essential oil submitted to enzymatic esterification
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Cansian, R. L.

; Staudt, A.

; Bernardi, J. L.

; Puton, B. M. S.

; Oliveira, D.

; de Oliveira, J. V.

; Gomes, A. C. C.

; Andrade, B. C. O. P.

; Leal, I. C. R.

; Simas, N. K.

; Zeni, J.

; Jungues, A.

; Dallago, R. M.

; Backes, G. T.

; Paroul, N.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e244647

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O óleo essencial de citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus) possui diversas atividades biológicas, entre elas a ação repelente a insetos. Alguns estudos mostraram que os ésteres do ácido cinâmico podem ser aplicados como pesticidas naturais, inseticidas e fungicidas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a produção de ésteres a partir do óleo essencial de citronela com ácido cinâmico via esterificação enzimática. Além disso, foi investigada a toxicidade do óleo essencial antes e após a esterificação contra Artemia salina e a ação larvicida sobre Aedes aegypti. Os ésteres foram produzidos utilizando ácido cinâmico como agente acilante e óleo essencial de citronela (3: 1) em heptano e 15% em peso da enzima NS 88011 como biocatalisadores, a 70 ° C e 150 rpm. As taxas de conversão de cinamatos de citronelil e geranil foram 58,7 e 69,0% para NS 88011, respectivamente. Para a toxicidade sobre Artemia salina foram obtidos CL50 de 5,29 μg mL-1 para o óleo essencial e 4,36 μg mL-1 para os óleos esterificados com NS 88011. Na atividade inseticida contra larvas de Aedes aegypti, obteve-se CL50 de 111,84 μg mL-1 para o óleo essencial de citronela e 86,30 μg mL-1 para os óleos esterificados com a enzima NS 88011, indicando alta toxicidade dos ésteres. Os resultados demonstraram que as amostras avaliadas apresentam potencial de aplicação como bioinseticida.

Abstract The essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) has several biological activities, among them the insect repellent action. Some studies showed that cinnamic acid esters can be applied as natural pesticides, insecticides and fungicides. In this context, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the production of esters from citronella essential oil with cinnamic acid via enzymatic esterification. Besides, the essential oil toxicity before and after esterification against Artemia salina and larvicidal action on Aedes aegypti was investigated. Esters were produced using cinnamic acid as the acylating agent and citronella essential oil (3:1) in heptane and 15 wt% NS 88011 enzyme as biocatalysts, at 70 °C and 150 rpm. Conversion rates of citronellyl and geranyl cinnamates were 58.7 and 69.0% for NS 88011, respectively. For the toxicity to Artemia salina LC50 results of 5.29 μg mL-1 were obtained for the essential oil and 4.36 μg mL-1 for the esterified oils obtained with NS 88011. In the insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, was obtained LC50 of 111.84 μg mL-1 for the essential oil of citronella and 86.30 μg mL-1 for the esterified oils obtained with the enzyme NS 88011, indicating high toxicity of the esters. The results demonstrated that the evaluated samples present potential of application as bioinsecticide.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244647 362 downloads

12.

Trends of height-for-age Z-scores according to age among Brazilian children under 5 years old from 2006 to 2019
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Castro, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de

; Farias, Dayana Rodrigues

; Berti, Talita Lelis

; Andrade, Pedro Gomes

; Anjos, Luiz Antonio dos

; Alves-Santos, Nadya Helena

; Lacerda, Elisa Maria de Aquino

; Freitas, Maiara Brusco de

; Kac, Gilberto

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 39 Suppl. 2 elocation e00087222

Abstract: Pt Es En | Text: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Este estudo comparou a distribuição dos escores Z de estatura (ZAI) e déficit de estatura por faixas etárias nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS 2006) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Nossa amostra final foi composta por 4.408 e 14.553 crianças < 59 meses de idade da PNDS 2006 e ENANI-2019, respectivamente. Crianças com escores HAZ < -2 de acordo com o padrão de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) foram classificadas como tendo déficit de estatura. Prevalências, intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%), médias e desvios padrão foram estimados para o Brasil e de acordo com a idade. A distribuição dos HAZ em cada idade (em meses) foi estimada usando a função svysmooth do pacote R. Nossas análises consideraram o desenho amostral complexo dos estudos. Diferenças estatísticas foram determinadas pela análise da sobreposição pontual dos IC95%. Entre 2006 e 2019, a prevalência de déficit de estatura para crianças < 12 meses de idade aumentou de 4,7% para 9%. Como esperado, as curvas suavizadas revelaram um HAZ médio maior para crianças < 24 meses de idade em 2006 do que em 2019, sem sobreposição de IC95% entre crianças de 6-12 meses. Para crianças ≥ 24 meses de idade, observamos um HAZ médio maior em 2019. Embora a prevalência de déficit de estatura entre crianças < 59 meses de idade tenha sido semelhante entre 2006 e 2019, observamos um aumento no HAZ médio entre crianças ≥ 24 meses de idade e uma diminuição no HAZ médio entre crianças < 24 meses de idade. Considerando a deterioração das condições de vida e o potencial impacto da pandemia de COVID-19, espera-se uma maior prevalência de déficit de estatura no Brasil no futuro próximo.

Este estudio comparó la distribución de las puntuaciones Z de talla (ZTE) y el déficit de estatura por grupos de edad en los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud del Niño y de la Mujer (PNDS 2006) y la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019). Nuestra muestra final consistió en 4.408 y 14.553 niños < 59 meses de edad de PNDS 2006 y ENANI-2019, respectivamente. Los niños con puntuaciones HAZ < -2 según el patrón de crecimiento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) se clasificaron como con déficit de talla para edad. Las prevalencias, los intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95 %), las medias y las desviaciones estándar se estimaron para Brasil y según la edad. La distribución de HAZ para cada edad (en meses) se estimó utilizando la función svysmooth del paquete R. Nuestros análisis tuvieron en cuenta el complejo diseño de muestra de los estudios. Las diferencias estadísticas se determinaron mediante el análisis de la superposición puntual de los IC95 %. Entre 2006 y 2019, la prevalencia del déficit de talla para edad en niños < 12 meses de edad aumentó del 4,7 % al 9%. Como se esperaba, las curvas suavizadas revelaron un HAZ promedio mayor para los niños < 24 meses de edad en 2006 que en 2019, sin una superposición del IC95 % entre los niños de 6-12 meses. Para los niños ≥ 24 meses de edad, observamos un HAZ promedio mayor en 2019. Aunque la prevalencia del déficit de talla para edad entre los niños < 59 meses de edad fue similar entre 2006 y 2019, observamos un aumento en el HAZ promedio entre los niños ≥ 24 meses de edad y una disminución en el HAZ promedio entre los niños < 24 meses de edad. Teniendo en cuenta el deterioro de las condiciones de vida y el impacto potencial de la pandemia de COVID-19, se espera una mayor prevalencia de déficit de talla para edad en Brasil en un futuro cercano.

This study compared the distribution of stunting and height-for-age (HAZ) Z-scores among age groups in data from the Brazilian National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS 2006) and the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). The final sample comprised 4,408 and 14,553 children < 59 months of age in the PNDS 2006 and ENANI-2019, respectively. Children with HAZ scores < -2 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standard were classified as stunted. Prevalence, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), means, and standard deviations were estimated for Brazil and according to age. The distribution of HAZ scores at each age (in months) was estimated using the svysmooth function of the R survey package. Analyses considered the complex sampling design of the studies. Statistical differences were determined by analyzing the 95%CI of the overlap of point estimates. From 2006 to 2019, the prevalence of stunting for children < 12 months of age increased from 4.7% to 9%. As expected, the smoothed curves showed a higher mean HAZ score for children < 24 months of age in 2006 than in 2019 with no overlap of 95%CI among children aged 6-12 months. For children ≥ 24 months of age, we observed a higher mean HAZ score in 2019. Although the prevalence of stunting among children < 59 months of age was similar between 2006 and 2019, mean HAZ scores among children ≥ 24 months of age increased, whereas the mean HAZ score among children < 24 months of age decreased. Considering the deterioration in living conditions and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we expect a greater prevalence of stunting in Brazil in the near future.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen087222

13.

Pasture and grassland productivity and foliar elongation of wheatgrass in Southern Patagonia
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Utrilla, V.

; Andrade, M.

; Vargas, P.

; Alsina, M.

; Aguilar, R.

; Galván, J.

Agrociencia Uruguay

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2023, Volume 27 elocation e993

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Resumen: Se planteó un estudio con el objetivo de relacionar la productividad de una pastura introducida y el pastizal natural, el material vivo y muerto, y la elongación foliar de agropiros con la humedad del suelo y la suma térmica en la Patagonia austral (Argentina). Durante los años 2015/16 (Año 1) y 2016/17 (Año 2), en clausuras excluidas al pastoreo se determinó mensualmente, desde octubre a febrero, la altura de plantas, la biomasa aérea acumulada (BAAc) y la tasa de crecimiento diario (TCD) de una pastura mezcla de agropiros y un pastizal de gramíneas. El forraje cosechado de la pastura fue caracterizado en material vivo (MV) y muerto (MM), y calculada la BAAc viva. En plantas de agropiro seleccionadas se determinó la tasa de elongación foliar (TEF). Se midió la humedad del suelo (HS) y se calculó la suma térmica (ST). La BAAc fue analizada mediante un arreglo factorial en un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Los resultados fueron sometidos a ANVA con análisis de medidas repetidas y las medias se ajustaron con la prueba Tukey-Kramer. La TCD, el MV y la TEF fueron relacionados con la HS y la ST mediante análisis de regresión múltiple. En los Años 1 y 2 y los mismos meses, la BAAc de la pastura superó el forraje acumulado por el pastizal. El MV y la TEF variaron conforme los cambios en la HS, y la ST explicó las variaciones de los parámetros descriptos, lo que debiera considerarse al elaborar futuras estrategias de manejo en este tipo de pasturas.

Abstract: The aim of this work was to show the relationship of the productivity of a pasture and grassland, the living and dead material, and the foliar elongation of wheatgrass with the soil moisture and the thermal sum in Southern Patagonia (Argentina). During the years 2015/16 (Year 1) and 2016/17 (Year 2), in closures excluded from grazing, the plant height, the accumulated aerial biomass (AAB) and the daily growth rate (DGR) of a mixed pasture and grassland were determined monthly from October to February. The forage harvested from the pasture was characterized in live (LM) and dead material (DM), and the live AAB was calculated. In selected wheatgrass plants, the leaf elongation rate (LER) was determined. Soil moisture (SM) was measured and the thermal sum (TS) was calculated. The AAB was analyzed using a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The results were subjected to ANVA with repeated measures analysis and the means were adjusted with the Tukey-Kramer test. DGR, LM, and LER were related to SM and TS by multiple regression analysis. In both Year 1 and Year 2 and same months the AAB of the pasture exceeded the forage accumulated by the grassland. The LM and the LER varied according to the changes in the SM, and the TS explained the variations of the parameters described, which should be considered when developing future management strategies in this type of pasture.

Resumo: Foi proposto um estudo com o objetivo de relacionar a produtividade de uma pastagem introduzida e do pasto natural, o material vivo e morto e o alongamento foliar dos agropyros com a umidade do solo e a soma térmica no Sul da Patagônia (Argentina). Durante os anos de 2015/16 (Ano 1) e 2016/17 (Ano 2), em fechamentos excluídos do pastejo, a altura das plantas, a biomassa aérea acumulada (BAAc) e a taxa de crescimento diária (TCD) de uma pastagem mista de agropyros e um pasto de grama foram determinadas mensalmente de outubro a fevereiro. A forragem colhida da pastagem foi caracterizada em material vivo (MV) e morto (MM) e calculado o BAAc viva. Em plantas de agropyro selecionadas, a taxa de alongamento da folha (TAF) foi determinada. A umidade do solo (US) foi medida e a soma térmica (ST) foi calculada. O BAAc foi analisado em arranjo fatorial em un desenho completamente randomizado. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANVA com análise de medição repetida e os mejos foram ajustadas com o teste Tukey-Kramer. TCD, MV e TAF foram relacionados a H e ST por análise de regressão múltipla. Nos anos 1 e 2 e nos mesmos meses, o BAAc da pastagem excedeu a forragem acumulada pelo pasto natural. O MV e o TAF variaram de acordo com as mudanças no US e o ST explicaram as variações dos parâmetros descritos, que devem ser considerados no desenvolvimento de futuras estratégias de manejo neste tipo de pastagems.

https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.993

14.

Amazon chicory: growing at full sunlight or under shade?
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Gomes, Rafaelle F

; Arruda, Renata da S

; Rosário, Isabelle Caroline B do

; Andrade, Francisco Laurimar do N

; Mello, Marcello N de

; Santos, Lucas da S

Horticultura Brasileira

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2023, Volume 41 elocation e2554

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Climatic factors can decisively influence the growth and productivity of agricultural crops. For unconventional vegetables, such as the Amazon chicory, the influence of sunlight on growing cycle is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of shading levels on the productive performance of Amazon chicory. The authors used a randomized block design, with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments were black polypropylene screens, 30, 50 and 70% shading, and cultivation at full sunlight. Vegetative development and production traits were evaluated. Correlation and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed with the aid of the computer program R. No significant difference between the shading levels for the evaluated traits was noticed. Nevertheless, the cultivation at full sunlight allowed an increase in production, compared to the 70% shading screen. A strong positive correlation between productivity, leaf fresh mass and amount of water in the shoot area was verified, with a coefficient equal to 1. Only the leaf area characteristic was poorly correlated with other traits (angle >90º). Therefore, we suggest growing the Amazon chicory both at full sunlight and under 70% shading.

RESUMO Fatores climáticos podem influenciar de modo decisivo no crescimento e produtividade de culturas agrícolas. Para hortaliças não convencionais, como a chicória da Amazônia, é desconhecido a influência da luz solar em seu ciclo de cultivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de níveis de sombreamento no desempenho produtivo de chicória da Amazônia. Para isso, adotou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram telas de polipropileno preta, com 30, 50 e 70% de sombreamento e cultivo a pleno sol. Avaliou-se características de desenvolvimento vegetativo e de produção. Realizou-se a análise de correlação e de componentes principais (PCA), no programa computacional R. Não houve diferença significativa entre os níveis de sombreamento para as características avaliadas. Apesar disso, o cultivo a pleno sol possibilitou incremento na produção, em comparação à tela de 70% de sombreamento. Houve forte correlação positiva entre a produtividade, massa fresca das folhas e quantidade de água da parte aérea, com coeficiente igual a 1. Apenas as características de área foliar foram pouco correlacionadas com as demais (ângulo >90º). Logo, pode ser indicado que a chicória da Amazônia seja cultivada tanto a pleno sol como em 70% de sombreamento.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2554

15.

Metabolizable energy equivalence of guanidinoacetic acid in corn soybean meal-based broiler diets
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Salgado, Hallef Rieger

; Rocha, Gabriel Cipriano

; Petrolli, Tiago Goulart

; Schmidt, Marlene

; Rivera, Jose Antonio

; Nunes, Rayanne Andrade

; Borges, Samuel Oliveira

; Calderano, Arele Arlindo

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2023, Volume 52 elocation e20220071

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated how guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) addition in diets with various metabolizable energy (ME) contents affects the performance of broiler chickens. We also estimated the equivalence of GAA in ME. We distributed 1,280 one-day-old broilers in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, eight replicates, and twenty birds per experimental unit. Treatments were based on ME levels (2,775-2,875-2,975 kcal/kg; 2,850-2,950-3,050 kcal/kg; 2,925-3,025-3,125 kcal/kg; or 3,000-3,100-3,200 kcal/kg, from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, and 22 to 42 days of age) and the inclusion of GAA (0 or 600 mg/kg). Supplementation of GAA increased weight gain in broilers at an energy level of 2,908 kcal/kg and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) at energy levels of 2,908 and 2,983 kcal/kg. There was a linear reduction in feed intake and an improvement in FCR of broilers with increasing levels of energy in diets, with and without GAA addition. Solving the equivalence equation, by applying each of the weighted average energy levels studied. indicates the GAA equivalence of 133, 103, 74, and 44 kcal/kg of diet. In conclusion, GAA supplementation improves broilers’ efficiency of energy use; the average ME equivalence of 600 mg/kg of GAA is 88.5 kcal/kg.

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5220220071

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