RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o trabalho emocional do professor da educação profissional e tecnológica, ao examinar as emoções e as estratégias de regulação emocional adotadas pelos professores. Foram realizados oito grupos focais, com a participação de quarenta e um professores para coletar os dados. Para a análise de dados, adotou-se o método indutivo e dedutivo de categorização. Os resultados mostraram que são ativadas diferentes emoções frente às demandas emocionais específicas e que os professores usam uma variedade de estratégias, de forma isolada ou encadeada, para regulá-las. No entanto, as estratégias de modificação cognitiva e modificação da situação do modelo processual de regulação emocional foram mais frequentemente relatadas. Os resultados sugerem diferenças nas preferencias regulatórias dos professores, baseadas no período da carreira e na área de formação/atuação. Pesquisas futuras poderiam utilizar métodos variados (e.g., observação, diário) para investigar o processo dinâmico e contextual da regulação e seus desfechos, além de propor uma escala contextual de regulação emocional docente. As descobertas têm implicações para programas de formação docente, gestão educacional e pesquisas futuras. RESUMO educacao educac tecnologica tecnolo gica tecnológica emocoes emoc es estrategias estrate gias regulacao regulac focais participacao participac dados analise ana lise adotouse adotou se metodo me todo categorizacao categorizac categorização sao sa s especificas especi ficas encadeada regulálas. regulalas regulá las. regula las regulá-las entanto modificacao modificac situacao situac relatadas diferencas diferenc regulatorias regulato rias periodo peri odo area rea formacaoatuacao formac atuac formação/atuação metodos todos e.g., eg g (e.g. observacao observac observação diário diario dia rio dinamico dina mico desfechos alem ale m docente tem te implicacoes implicac formacao gestao gesta regulálas e.g. (e.g e.g

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el trabajo emocional del profesor de educación profesional y tecnológica, examinando las emociones y las estrategias de regulación emocional adoptadas por los profesores. Se realizaron ocho grupos focales, con la participación de cuarenta y un docentes en total, para recolectar datos. Para el análisis de los datos, se adoptó el método inductivo y deductivo de categorización. Los resultados mostraron que diferentes emociones se activan ante demandas emocionales específicas y que los docentes utilizan una variedad de estrategias, aisladas o encadenadas, para regularlas. Sin embargo, las estrategias de modificación cognitiva y modificación de situaciones del modelo procedimental de regulación emocional fueron reportadas con mayor frecuencia. Los resultados sugieren diferencias en las preferencias normativas de los docentes, con base en el período de carrera y área de formación/actividad. Futuras investigaciones podrían utilizar diferentes métodos (por ejemplo, observación, diario) para investigar el proceso dinámico y contextual de regulación y sus resultados, además de proponer una escala contextual de regulación emocional docente. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para los programas de formación docente, la gestión educativa y la investigación futura. RESUMEN tecnológica profesores focales total datos categorización encadenadas regularlas embargo frecuencia formaciónactividad actividad formación/actividad ejemplo observación diario docente futura

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to characterize the emotional labor of the professional and technological education teacher by examining the emotions and the emotion regulation strategies teachers adopt. Eight focus groups were held, with the participation of forty-one teachers to collect the data. For the data analysis, we adopted the inductive and deductive categorization methods. The results showed that different emotions are activated in the face of specific emotional demands and that teachers use a variety of strategies, either in isolation or in chains, to regulate them. However, cognitive change strategies and situation modification of the procedural model of emotional regulation were more frequently reported. The results suggest differences in the regulatory preferences of the teachers based on the career period and the training /performance area. Future research could use varied methods (e.g., observation diary) to investigate the regulation’s dynamic, context, and outcomes and develop a contextual scale of teacher emotion regulation. The findings have implications for teacher training programs, educational management, and future research. ABSTRACT adopt held fortyone forty one analysis chains them However reported performance area e.g., eg e g (e.g. diary regulations s dynamic context programs management e.g. (e.g e.g

RESUMO A espécie Tabebuia aurea é comumente encontrada no Pantanal de Miranda-MS, em formações vegetacionais conhecidos como paratudais. Essa espécie é boa melífera, fornece corante amarelo para tintura em comunidades rurais e também é considerada uma planta medicinal. Sua madeira tem valor econômico sendo utilizada na construção civil, entre outros usos, além de empregada na arborização e paisagismo. Levando-se em consideração seu amplo aproveitamento, seu desenvolvimento inicial foi analisado durante um período de 180 dias após a emergência, a pleno sol e sob sombreamento artificial (30 e 45%) em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo com adição de cálcio e magnésio. Os resultados obtidos indicam que esta espécie se desenvolve melhor sob luminosidade máxima, atingindo 52,7 cm de altura e 43,2 g de matéria seca aos 180 dias de cultivo, com tendência contínua de concentração de matéria orgânica no sistema radicular, principalmente, a partir de 120 dias. Para todas as luminosidades nas quais a espécie foi cultivada, apresentou elevada plasticidade fenotípica para o índice de robustez e biomassa seca total, indicando adaptação aos ambientes de cultivo.

ABSTRACT Tabebuia aurea species is easily found in Pantanal of Miranda-MS, in vegetation formations known as paratudais. This species is a good honey producer, supplies yellow dye in rural communities and it is also considered a medicine plant. Its wood has economical value, is used in construction, among other uses, as well as in afforest and in garden landscaping. Considering its wide use, its initial development was analyzed during a period of 180 days after the emergency, full sun and under artificial shade (30 e 45%) in Red Yellow Latosol with addition of calcium and magnesium. The obtained results indicate that this species grows better under maximum brightness, reaching 52,7 cm of height and 43.2 g of dry material to 180 days of cultivation, with continuous tendency of concentration of organic material in the root system, mainly starting from 120 days. The species presents high phenotypic plasticity relating to the total biomass parameter, in the three treatments, indicating the adaptation of the plants to the culture environment.

Este estudo objetivou determinar a temperatura e o período de exposição adequados para o teste de envelhecimento acelerado com diásporos de aroeira provenientes de uma área de Cerrado em Mato Grosso. Foram avaliados o teor de água e a germinação, antes e depois do envelhecimento, nas temperaturas de 40 ºC, 41 ºC, 42 ºC e 45 ºC, combinadas com os períodos de 12, 18, 24, 30 e 36 h. Para cada tratamento, 12 g de diásporos foram envelhecidos em minicâmaras com 40 mL de água destilada. Foram germinados 100 diásporos, divididos em quatro repetições, em caixas de plástico, sobre duas folhas de papel mata-borrão, em germinadores a 25 ºC e 8 h de fotoperíodo. Em todos os tratamentos, o teor de água dos diásporos envelhecidos foi superior a 20% e se estabilizou entre 25% e 28% a partir de 18 h de exposição. Independentemente dos períodos testados, o envelhecimento a 40 ºC, 41 ºC e 42 ºC não afetou a germinação. Após o envelhecimento a 45 ºC, a germinação não diferiu entre os períodos de 12, 18 e 24 h, mas em todos esses intervalos foi inferior ao controle e superior aos tempos de 30 e 36 h. Nesses dois últimos períodos foi constatada a presença de fungos. O envelhecimento de diásporos de aroeira deve ser conduzido na temperatura de 45 ºC, durante 12 a 24 h de exposição.

This work established the adequate temperature and the period of exposition for the accelerated ageing test with diasporas of Myracrodruon urundeuva from an area of the Cerrado in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Before and after the ageing, at the temperatures of 40ºC, 41ºC, 42ºC and 45ºC combined with periods of 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hours, the water content and germination were evaluated. For each treatment, 12g of diasporas in mini chambers with 40 mL of distilled water were submitted to the accelerated ageing test. A total of 100 diasporas, divided into four replications, in plastic boxes, on two sheets of blotting paper, in germinator at 25ºC and 8 hours of photoperiod were germinated. In all treatments the content of water of the aged diasporas was superior to 20% and this value stabilized itself between 25% and 28%, from the 18 hours of exposition. Independently of the tested periods, the ageing at the temperatures of 40ºC, 41ºC and 42ºC did not affect the germination. After the ageing at 45ºC, the germination did not differ among the periods of 12, 18 and 24 hours of exposition, but in all these periods it was inferior to the control and superior to the periods of 30 and 36 hours. In these last two periods, fungi were observed. The accelerated ageing of diasporas of Myracrodruon urundeuva should be conducted at the temperature of 45ºC, during the exposition periods of 12 to 24 hours.

We investigated whether sequestered Trypanosoma cruzi antigens found in heart interstitial dendritic cells (IDCs) contribute to the residual myocarditis found in mice following treatment with benznidazole, a specific chemotherapeutic drug. IDCs are antigen-presenting cells that are MHC-II-receptor dependent. Swiss mice were divided into two experimental groups: the 1st group was infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi, which is resistant to treatment with benznidazole, and the 2nd group was infected with clone 21SF-C 3, which has a medium susceptibility to the drug. Treatment of the Colombian strain group started on the 120th day post-infection and for the 21SF-C3 strain group treatment was started on the 90th day. In both groups, treatment lasted for 90 days. The animals were sacrificed either 150 or 200 days post-treatment. The myocardium was analysed by immunohistochemistry using anti-MAC3, 33D1, CD11b and CD11c monoclonal antibodies for IDCs or anti-T. cruzi purified antibodies. Parasite antigens were expressed on the IDC membranes in both treated and untreated mice. Myocarditis subsided following treatment, evidenced by both histological and morphometrical evaluation. A reduction in the number of IDCs carrying T. cruzi antigens in the treated group indicates that the elimination of parasites influences antigen presentation with concomitant decreases in inflammation. There is a correlation between the presence of T. cruzi antigens in these cells and the chronic focal, residual myocarditis seen in treated mice.

Infection of C3H/He mice with the Peruvian strain of Trypanosoma cruzi (Biodeme type I, Z2b), a macrophagotropic strain, determined severe parasitism of macrophages, necrosis of the spleen, and high host mortality. In the present study, pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF-alpha was investigated on its action upon splenic necrosis, parasitemia and host survival. Immunohistochemical data suggested the importance of this cytokine in parasite destruction and decreasing of parasitemia, although paradoxically contributing to the high mortality of infected mice. Necrotic lesions involving several organs, specially the heart, in acute Chagas disease, are important aggravating factors, increasing cardiac morbidity. Advantage of inhibiting TNF-alpha action was herein investigated. Infected mice were divided into two groups: untreated (n = 24), and PTX treated mice (n = 25). PTX was administered in two daily doses of 30 mg/kg/bw, by intraperitoneal route. Normal controls either treated with PTX or saline were also included. Histopathology of the spleen and in situ immunolabeling of TNF-alpha, using anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, were performed. Necrotic areas were evaluated by morphometry. Mice treated with PTX showed a significant decrease of necrotic areas and diminution of TNF-alpha expression in spleen tissue, suggesting that PTX treatment could control TNF-alpha effects, and thus be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute Chagas' disease.

Colombian strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, biodeme Type III (T. cruzi I), has been cloned by micromanipulation at two phases of the acute infection: early (10 days ) and advanced (30 days). Twelve clones were obtained therefrom. Characterization by their biological and biochemical behavior showed an identity among the several clones and their parental strain, albeit with different degrees of virulence. Molecular characterization of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) after amplification by polymerase chain reaction revealed identical profiles of the bands from the kDNA minicircle by the analysis of restriction fragment lenght polymorphism for the isolated clones, their parental strain, and to the clones isolated at two different phases of the infection. Results suggest the predominance of a "principal clone", in the composition of the Colombian strain, responsible for the biological and biochemical behavior. However, no relationship was detected between the molecular profile of kDNA and the degree of virulence presented by the several clones.

Calomys callosus, a sylvatic reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi, when infected with the Colombian strain (Biodeme Type III, T. cruzi I ) develops necrotic-inflammatory lesions and intense early fibrogenesis in the heart and skeletal muscles, that spontaneously regress. Participation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) , and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), in the pathogenesis of the lesions is herein studied. Eighty C. callosus weighing 20 to 30 g were used. Seventy of them were inoculated with the Colombian strain (10(5) blood forms) and 10 were maintained as intact non-infected controls. After infection, C. callosus were sacrificed at different time-points from 15 to 70 days. The heart and skeletal muscle were processed for histopathology and cryopreserved for immunohistochemistry. Early necrotic lesions of parasitized skeletal muscle and myocardium with intense inflammatory lesions were present. Search for the in situ presence of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, was performed using rat-IgG anti-mouse antibodies against these cytokines. For the in situ search of TGF-beta, rabbit IgG anti-mouse antibodies were used. Immunolabeling of the cytokines in tissues of infected C. callosus was successful. The cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma , and TGF-beta were detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages and in the necrotic material from 15 to 45 days post-infection, decreasing their intensity until complete disappearance by the 65th day, which correlated with subsiding histopathological lesions. These findings suggest the participation of these cytokines in the control of parasite multiplication, in the development of an early fibrogenesis and in the regression of fibrotic-inflammatory lesions observed in C. callosus.

The influence of different Trypanosoma cruzi biodemes on the evolution of the infection and on the histopathological lesions of the heart and skeletal muscles, during the experimental infection of Calomys callosus, was investigated. Three groups of C. callosus were infected, respectively, with parasite strains representative of three different Biodemes: Type I (Y strain), Type II (21 SF strain), and Type III (Colombian strain). For each group, normal C. callosus were also used as controls. Marked differences have been detected in the responses of C. callosus to the infection with the three strains in this model. The strains Types I and II (Y and 21 SF) determined moderate lesions, mostly in the myocardium, with low parasitism, a rapid course, and total regression of the lesions by the 60th day of infection. Differently, Type III strain (Colombian), was more pathogenic for C. callosus and induced necrotic-inflammatory lesions in skeletal muscles and myocardium, in correspondence to intracellular parasitism. Proliferation of fibroblasts and amorphous matrix deposits, followed by interstitial fibrosis were present. Progressive regression of the inflammatory changes and collagen deposits occurred spontaneously. The progression and regression of both inflammation and fibrosis induced by the Colombian strain were further submitted to quantitative evaluation by morphometry. Results of the morphometric studies presented good correlation with the histopathological findings. The results confirm the importance of the different biodemes in the determination of tissue lesions and the peculiarities of response of C. callosus to infection with T. cruzi.

Intense inflammatory lesions and early development of interstitial fibrosis of the myocardium and skeletal muscle with spontaneous regression, have been described in Calomys callosus infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The genetic types of collagen present in this model were investigated through immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies, combined with histopathology and Picro-Sirius staining of collagen. Thirty-five calomys were infected with the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and sacrificed at 24, 30, 40, 60 and 90 days post-infection. Inflammatory lesions and fibrogenesis were prominent at the early phase of infection and significantly decreased during late infection. Immunoisotyping of the matrix components was performed by indirect immunofluorescence on 5 µm thick cryostat sections using specific antibodies against laminin, fibronectin and isotypes I, III and IV of collagen. In the early phase, positive deposits of all the matrix components were present, with predominance of fibronectin, laminin and collagens types I and III in the myocardium and of types III and IV in the skeletal muscles. From the 40th day, type IV collagen predominates in the heart. At the late phase of infection (60th to 90th day), a clear fragmentation and decrease of all the matrix components were detected. Findings of the present study indicate that a modulation of the inflammatory process occurs in the model of C. callosus, leading to spontaneous regression of fibrosis independent of the genetic types of collagen involved in this process.

Plantas envasadas de Leucaena leucocephala Lam. (De Witt) foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação sob 30% de sombreamento artificial, em solo de cerrado, com adição de 0, 750, 1.500 e 3.000 kg ha-1 de NPK (4-14-8). Aos 180 dias após a emergência (DAE), as plantas crescidas em solo sem adubo químico apresentaram os menores valores de taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR = 0,028 g g-1 dia-1), biomassa total (5,2 g), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL= 4,2.10-4 g cm-2 dia-1), e não produziram nem flores nem vagens. Entre as plantas cultivadas em solo fertilizado, as que receberam maiores quantidades de adubo químico apresentaram maiores valores de biomassa total e área foliar, a partir de 90 DAE. Porém, os maiores valores de TCR (43,92.10-4 g g-1 dia-1) e TAL (15,01 g cm-2 dia-1) foram obtidos nas plantas crescidas em solo com 750 kg ha-1 de NPK. A presença de flores e vagens nas plantas que receberam 1.500 e 3.000 kg ha-1 de NPK ocorreu a partir dos 120 DAE, e aos 150 DAE se iniciou o processo de abscisão foliar nos vegetais crescidos em todos os tratamentos, com conseqüente redução da área foliar, TAL e TCR. Na presença de estresse hídrico simulado, as plantas com 90 DAE mostraram-se mais resistentes que as de 30 dias. Porém, nos dois casos, as plantas mais tolerantes à dessecação foram as crescidas em solo com maiores teores de NPK, e um ajuste osmótico auxiliou as plantas a sobreviverem durante o período da seca.

Leucaena leucocephala Lam. (De Witt) plants were cultivated in a growth chamber, with 30% of artificial shading and in "cerrado" soil fertilized or not with addition of 0, 750, 1,500 and 3,000 kg ha-1 NPK, in Brazil.. At 180 days after emergence, plants grown in soil without fertilization presented the lowest values of relative growth rate (TCR= 0.028 g g-1 day-1), total biomass (5.2 g), net assimilation rate (TAL = 4.2.10-4 g cm-2 day-1) and did not produce neither flowers or fruit. Among plants grown in fertilized soil, the highest values of TCR (43.92.10-4 g g-1 dia-1) and TAL (15.01 g cm-2 day-1) occurred in leucaenas fertilized with 750 kg ha-1 NPK. Plants fertilized with 1,500 and 3,000 kg ha-1 produced flowers and fruit since 120 days after emergence. Leaf senescence process began at 150 days after emergence, reducing the leaf area, TAL and TCR. Resistence to water stress was greater in 90 day-old plants than in 30 day-old ones. In both cases, the most desiccation resistant plants were those grown in soil with higher NPK rates. An osmotic adjustment aided the plants to survive during the drought period.

Molecular characterization of one stable strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, the 21 SF, representative of the pattern of strains isolated from the endemic area of São Felipe, State of Bahia, Brazil, maintained for 15 years in laboratory by serial passages in mice and classified as biodeme Type II and zymodeme 2 has been investigated. The kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) of parental strain, 5 clones and 14 subclones were analyzed. Schizodeme was established by comparative study of the fragments obtained from digestion of the 330-bp fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the variable regions of the minicicles, and digested by restriction endonucleases Rsa I and Hinf I. Our results show a high percentual of similarity between the restriction fragment lenght polymorphism (RFLP) for the parental strain and its clones and among these individual clones and their subclones at a level of 80 to 100%.This homology indicates a predominance of the same "principal clone" in the 21SF strain and confirms the homogeneity previously observed at biological and isozymic analysis. These results suggest the possibility that the T. cruzi strains with similar biological and isoenzymic patterns, circulating in this endemic area, are representative of one dominant clone. The presence of "principal clones" could be responsible for a predominant tropism of the parasites for specific organs and tissues and this could contribute to the pattern of clinico-pathological manifestations of Chagas's disease in one geographical area.

Several studies have shown a clonal structure of Trypanosoma cruzi and its possible correlation with the behavioral heterogeneity of the parasite strains. In the present study, the 21 SF strain, that have been maintained in laboratory by successive passages in mice, for more than 15 years, showing a stability of biological and isoenzymic characteristics has been cloned, with the objective of establishing the characters of its clones and subclones. With the technique of isolation of a single parasite from the blood of infected mice, 5 clones and 14 subclones have been obtained. After four passages into mice, inoculum of 10(5) was obtained for each clone and subclone and inoculated into mice weighing 10 to 12 g. These were used for the study of the biological behavior of the clones: evolution of parasitemia, morphology of blood forms and host mortality. For isoenzymic characterization, the clones and subclones were analyzed for ALAT, ASAT, GPI and PGM enzymes. Results have shown that the 5 clones and the 14 subclones disclosed a biological behavior similar to the parental strain, with minor variability of the parasitemic profiles and also the same isoenzymic patterns. These results confirm the stability of the 21 SF strain and indicate a clonal homogeneity of its populations. This is compatible with the hypothesis that the T. cruzi strains represent an equilibrium of either homogenous or heterogeneous populations.

Lesions involving the sympathetic (para-vertebral ganglia) and para-sympathetic ganglia of intestines (Auerbach plexus) and heart (right atrial ganglia) were comparatively analyzed in mice infected with either of three different strain types of Trypanosoma cruzi, during acute and chronic infection, in an attempt to understand the influence of parasite strain in causing autonomic nervous system pathology. Ganglionar involvement with neuronal destruction appeared related to inflammation, which most of the times extended from neighboring adipose and cardiac, smooth and striated muscular tissues. Intraganglionic parasitism was exceptional. Inflammation involving peripheral nervous tissue exhibited a focal character and its variability in the several groups examined appeared unpredictable. Although lesions were generally more severe with the Y strain, comparative qualitative study did not allow the conclusion, under the present experimental conditions, that one strain was more pathogenic to the autonomic nervous system than others. No special tropism of the parasites from any strain toward autonomic ganglia was disclosed.

Foi estudada a influência da passagem de cepas do T. cruzi de São Felipe - BA (19 SF, 21 SF e 22 SF), Tipo II, Zimodema 2, no vetor autóctone (P. megistus) e em vetores não autóctones (T. infestans e R. prolixus). Para cada cepa, camundongos suíços de 10 a 12 g foram inoculados com I - formas sanguícolas (controles); II - metacíclicos do P. megistus; III - metacíclicos de T. infestans; IV - metacíclicos do R. prolixus. O inóculo para cada grupo foi de 10(4) tripomastigotas. A obtenção dos metacíclicos foi feita 60 a 120 dias após infecção dos triatomíneos. O estudo morfobiológico em camundongos (parasitemia, morfologia, mortalidade, virulência e patogenicidade) foi realizado após as passagens cíclicas e comparado ao dos controles. Foi feita a análise isoenzimática de todos os grupos experimentais para as enzimas ALAT, ASAT, PGM e GPI, após isolamento dos parasitos do sangue periférico dos camundongos e cultivo em meio de Warren. As três cepas mantiveram o padrão do tipo II; entretanto, a passagem das cepas por P. megistus e T. infestans determinou um aumento de virulência da cepa 22 SF traduzida por índices mais elevados de mortalidade e de parasitemia; houve maior proliferação parasitária com predominância de formas delgadas no sangue periférico nos animais infectados com as cepas 19 SF e 21 SF provenientes das duas espécies de triatomíneos. Os resultados indicam que as passagens por P. megistus e T. infestans tiveram uma influência positiva na virulência das cepas de T. cruzi de São Felipe - BA, independente de ser o vetor autóctone (P. megistus) ou não autóctone (T. infestans).

The behavior of T. cruzi strains from S. Felipe - BA (19 SF, 21 SF and 22 SF) classified as Type II Zymodeme 2, was investigated after passage through the authoctonous (P. megistus) and foreign vectors (T. infestans and R. prolixus). For each strain Swiss mice were infected: I - with blood forms (control); II - with metacyclic forms (MF) from P. megistus; III - with MF from T. infestans; IV - with MF from R. prolixus. Inocula: MF from the three species of triatomine, 60 to 120 days after feeding in infected mice, adjusted to 10 4. Biological behavior in mice (parasitemia, morphology, mortality, virulence and pathogenicity) after passage through triatomine was compared with data from the same strain in control mice. Isoenzymic electrophoresis (ASAT, ALAT, PGM, GPI) were also performed after culture into Warren medium. The three strains maintained the isoenzyme profiles (zymodeme 2), in the control groups and after passages through different species of triatomine. Biological characterization disclosed Type II strains patterns for all groups. An increased virulence was observed with the 22 SF strain isolated from P. megistus and T. infestans and higher levels of parasitemia and predominance of slender forms in mice inoculated with the 19 SF and 21 SF from these same species. Results indicate that the passage through the two species T. infestans and P. megistus had a positive influence on the virulence of the regional strains of S. Felipe, regardless of being autocthonous (P. megistus) or foreign to the area (T. infestans).