Abstract Objective: The present study revisited three classification systems of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) (Chandler, Mortimore & Wormald, and Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima) and observed which of them presented the best clinical applicability. Methods: Clinical data and CT scan findings of patients with orbital infection were retrospectively collected. To compare the three classification systems, we revised and graded all CT images accordingly, and divided the patients into four groups: Eyelid cellulitis (EC), orbital cellulitis (OC), subperiosteal abscess (SA), and orbital abscess (OA). The groups were compared regarding the presence of sinus opacification, the need for hospitalization and/or surgical treatment, and the presence of further complications/sequelae. Results: 143 patients were included. The median number of sinuses involved in patients in the OC, SA, and OA groups was 2.0. ARS was rarely associated with signs of EC (present in both Chandler’s and Mortimore & Wormald’s classifications. The hospitalization rate was significantly lower in the EC group compared to the other three groups. Surgery was performed in all cases in the OA group, in 58.1% in the SA group, 19.4% in the OC group, and 12.5% in the EC group (p-value < 0.0001 ). Complications were present at higher rates in the OA group compared to the other three groups. Conclusions: ARS was rarely associated with Eyelid Cellulitis. The stratification in the other three groups showed to be clinically relevant. Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima's classification system proved valid, simple, and effective for categorizing orbital complications of ARS. Level of evidence: 3.

RESUMO As reduções de produção de soja no Brasil estão ligadas principalmente à ocorrência de veranicos, os quais estão cada vez mais frequentes devido às mudanças climáticas. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar diferentes lâminas de irrigação em cultivares de soja irrigadas em pivô central. O trabalho foi realizado no ano agrícola 2014/15, no município de Chapadão do Sul, MS. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições, onde as parcelas constaram de 4 lâminas de irrigação (0, 50, 75 e 100% da Evapotranspiração da Cultura - ETc), e as subparcelas de 6 cultivares de soja (NA 5909 RR, DM 5958 IPRO, Anta 82 RR, M 7110 IPRO, Desafio RR, M 7739 IPRO). A cultivar Desafio RR foi a que mais respondeu à irrigação, alcançando produtividade de 6174 kg ha-1 com a reposição de 50% da ETc, contra 3798 kg ha-1 na condição de sequeiro. A maior produtividade no sequeiro foi com a cultivar Na 5909 RR, chegando a 4806 kg ha-1, indicando que a resposta da cultura à irrigação está relacionada principalmente às características genéticas de cada cultivar.

ABSTRACT Reductions in soybean yields are mainly linked to the occurrence of dry spells, which are becoming more frequent due to climate change. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate soybean cultivars irrigated with different water depths under center pivot. The experiment was conducted during the 2014/15 growing season, under center-pivot irrigation in Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brazil. The design was a randomized block in split plot with four replicates, where plots consisted of 4 water depths (0, 50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc) and the subplots of 6 soybean cultivars (NA 5909 RR, DM 5958 IPRO, Anta 82 RR, M 7110 IPRO, Desafio RR, M 7739 IPRO). The cultivar Desafio RR was the one that best responded to irrigation, increasing yield to 6174 kg ha-1 against 3798 kg ha-1 under rainfed condition. The highest yield under rainfed condition was obtained by the cultivar NA 5909 RR, reaching 4806 kg ha-1. This shows that some cultivars can respond positively to irrigation, resulting in increased yield, depending on the genetic characteristics of each one.

ABSTRACT Planting density can influence the competitiveness among plants mainly by water, nutrients and solar radiation, directly affecting yield. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the productivity of different soybean cultivars at different planting populations under irrigated and rainfed conditions. The experiment was conducted during the 2014/15 growing season, under center pivot irrigation in Chapadão do Sul – MS, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with split-plot, as follows: Irrigated and Rainfed (plots) x Six cultivars (subplots) x Three Plant Populations (sub-subplots) with 4 replications. The irrigation management was realized by Penman-Monteith-FAO method. The cultivars used were: NA 5909 RR, DM 5958 IPRO, Anta 82 RR, M 7110 IPRO, Desafio RR and M 7739 IPRO. Populations indicated by the holders of the seeds were tested, and also population 20% above and 20% below with the hypothesis that in different humidity conditions, different cultivars may have different answers depending on their populations. In rainfed condition productivity and mass of one hundred grains were influenced by water deficit. Cultivar Desafio RR presented the best performance under irrigation, with productivity of 6174 kg ha−1.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características agronômicas de híbridos de girassol adaptados à segunda safra e determinar as correlações entre elas. Testaram-se 15 híbridos - dois alto oleicos e 13 não alto oleicos (híbridos tradicionais) -, além de um híbrido como testemunha. Um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso foi utilizado com quatro repetições, e as semeaduras foram feitas em 2013 e 2014. As características avaliadas foram as seguintes: dias para a maturação fisiológica, altura de planta, produtividade de grãos, teor de óleo e produtividade de óleo. As maiores produtividades de grãos ocorreram em híbridos que não são nem precoces nem de porte mais baixo. A correlação entre produtividade de grãos e produtividade de óleo foi positiva e significativa; no entanto, as correlações entre teor de óleo e essas duas características não foram significativas. Os híbridos de girassol 'Syn 045' e 'Syn 3950A' (alto oleico) se destacaram, na segunda safra, quanto à produtividade de grãos e de óleo. O híbrido 'CF 101' - ciclo precoce - apresenta boa produtividade de grãos e de óleo e, portanto, é a opção adequada para a semeadura tardia na segunda safra. Assim, estão disponíveis híbridos de girassol adaptados e com características adequadas ao cultivo de segunda safra e às demandas do mercado.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic traits of sunflower hybrids adapted to second crop and to determine the correlations between them. Fifteen hybrids were tested - two high-oleic and 13 non high-oleic ones (traditional hybrids) -, besides one hybrid used as a check. A randomized complete block experimental design was carried out with four replicates, and sowings were done in 2013 and 2014. The evaluated traits were the following: days to physiological maturity, plant height, grain yield, oil content, and oil yield. The higher grain yields occurred in hybrids that are neither of early cycles nor of shorter stems. The correlation between grain yield and oil yield was positive and significant; however, the correlations between oil content and these two traits were not significant. The 'Syn 045' and 'Syn 3950A' sunflower hybrids (high-oleic) stood out, in the second season, both for grain yield and oil yield. The 'CF 101' hybrid - early cycle - shows good grain and oil yield, and, therefore, it is an appropriate option for late sowing in the second season. Thus, adapted sunflower hybrids with appropriate traits are available for second season cropping and to meet market demands.

O desenvolvimento de tecnologias que visem a aumentar a eficiência dos fertilizantes nitrogenados é de fundamental importância para a sustentabilidade da agricultura. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta do algodoeiro a diferentes fontes de nitrogênio (N) em cobertura, aplicadas em sistema plantio direto, no Cerrado, nos anos agrícolas 2008/2009 e 2009/2010. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de três fontes de N (ureia, ureia com inibidor de urease e nitrato de amônio) e dois manejos da adubação de N em cobertura (uma aplicação em V5 e duas aplicações, como se segue: 50% em V5 + 50% em B6), além de uma testemunha (sem N em cobertura). O nitrato de amônio promoveu melhor resultado, nos dois períodos avaliados, enquanto a ureia com inibidor de urease diferiu da ureia comum apenas no primeiro ano. O manejo do N em cobertura propiciou resultados diferentes entre os cultivos, sendo dependente das condições ambientais. Caso ocorra precipitação suficiente para incorporação do N ao solo, pode haver melhores produtividades, quando o adubo de cobertura for aplicado todo na fase V5.

The development of new technologies that aim at increasing the efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizers is essential for the agricultural sustainability. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the cotton plants response to different topdressing N sources, under no-till system, in the Brazilian Savannah, in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of three N sources (urea, urea with urease inhibitor and ammonium nitrate) and two topdressing N fertilization applications (one application at V5 and two applications, as it follows: 50% at V5 + 50% at B6), plus a control (without topdressing N). The ammonium nitrate application provided the best results for both seasons, while the urea with urease inhibitor differed from urea only in the first season. The topdressing N fertilization provided different results among crops, being dependent of environmental conditions. If there is sufficient rainfall to incorporate the N to soil, better yields can be expected, when all the topdressing fertilization takes place at the V5 stage.

O nematoide de cisto da soja, Heterodera glycines, constitui-se em um dos principais entraves à produção de soja na região Nordeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. Após um período de uso do manejo recomendado para as áreas infestadas, observou-se a ressurgência de altas densidades populacionais associada a severos danos à cultura, mesmo com a utilização de cultivares resistentes, fato que conduziu à hipótese da ocorrência de mudança nas raças do nematoide. Assim, nas safras de 2006/2007 e 2007/2008, foram amostradas lavouras de 22 propriedades nos municípios de Água Clara, Chapadão do Sul e Costa Rica, com presença confirmada de altas populações de H. glycines. Após serem multiplicadas em soja cv. BRS 133 por até três gerações, as populações oriundas de cada amostra foram submetidas ao teste padrão para a determinação de raças, com a inclusão da variedade diferenciadora Hartwig, visando detectar eventual presença das raças 4+ ou 14+. Detectou-se a presença de quatro raças, com predominância da raça 4 (72,73% das amostras), seguida das raças 14, 5 e 6 (18,19%, 4,54% e 4,54% das amostras, respectivamente). Conclui-se que não houve significativa alteração nas raças de H. glycines que ocorrem na região Nordeste de Mato Grosso do Sul.

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the major constraint to soybean production in the Northeast of the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. After a period of recommended management of infested areas, the recent resurgence of high population densities and severe damage to soybeans, regardless of the use of resistant cultivars, has led to the hypothesis that nematode races could be changing. Thus, in 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 growing seasons, highly infested soil from 22 farms in the municipalities of Água Clara, Chapadão do Sul and Costa Rica were sampled. After being multiplied in soybean cv. BRS 133 for up to three generations, the SCN populations from each soil sample were submitted to standard test for the determination of races, adding the cultivar Hartwig as one of the differential hosts to eventually detect the possible presence of races 4+ or 14+. Among the four races detected, the race 4 was predominant (72.73% of samples), followed by races 14, 5 and 6 (18.19%, 4.54% and 4.54% of the samples, respectively). There was no significant change in the races of H. glycines in the Northeast of the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.