Resumo Este estudo visou analisar como a questão social (QS) comparece nas produções da Psicologia Social (PS) brasileira. Foi conduzida uma revisão narrativa da literatura com buscas não sistemáticas de artigos, livros e produções acadêmicas em geral que abordassem a QS no contexto brasileiro, a partir dos diversos referenciais teóricos da PS brasileira. Foi constatada uma abordagem à QS aquém da sua imanência e relevância na constituição de nossa realidade, tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativamente, atravessada pelos seguintes fatores: uma transversalização da QS, com sua dissolução em problemas sociais supostamente autônomos que, na verdade, são suas variadas manifestações; polissemia do conceito conjugada a diferentes sentidos e formas de abordagem e suas consequências (individualização, subjetivação, responsabilização dos indivíduos etc.); ou até mesmo um desconhecimento de sua existência por grande parte da PS brasileira como conceito analítico que expressa a realidade. Há, portanto, a necessidade de maior incorporação da QS, suas expressões e mediações como objeto de estudo e atuação na/da PS reverberando nas epistemes e nos métodos que visam garantir à PS uma compreensão da realidade na qual se debruça e visa intervir.

Abstract This study analyzed how the Social Question (SQ) appears in the productions of Brazilian Social Psychology (SP). A narrative review of the literature with non-systematic searches of articles, books and academic productions in general that approached SQ in the Brazilian context was conducted based on the various theoretical references of the Brazilian PS. The approach to SQ was underscored by its immanence and relevance in the constitution of our reality, both quantitatively and qualitatively, traversed by the following factors: (a) transversalization of SQ with its dissolution in supposedly autonomous social problems that are, in fact, its various manifestations; (b) polysemy of the concept coupled with different meanings and forms of approach and their consequences (individualization, subjectivation, individual responsabilization, etc.); (c) or even a lack of familiarity of a large part of the Brazilian SP with it as an analytical concept that expresses reality. There is, therefore, a need for greater incorporation of SQ, its expressions and mediations as object of study and practice in the SP reverberating in the epistemes and methods that serve to ensure to the SP an understanding of reality that is focused and aims to intervene.

Resumen El presente estudio objetivó analizar cómo la cuestión social (CS) se presenta en las producciones de la Psicología Social (PS) brasileña. Se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de la literatura, con búsquedas no sistemáticas de artículos, libros y producciones académicas en general que abordaran la CS en el contexto brasileño, a partir de los diversos referenciales teóricos de la PS inmanencia y relevancia en la constitución de nuestra realidad, tanto cuantitativa como brasileña. Se constató un abordaje a la CS por debajo de su cualitativamente, atravesada por los siguientes factores: una transversalización de la CS, con su disolución en problemas sociales supuestamente autónomos que son, en realidad, sus variadas manifestaciones; polisemia del concepto conjugada a diferentes sentidos y formas de abordaje y sus consecuencias (individualización, subjetivación, responsabilización de los sujetos, etc.); o un desconocimiento de su existencia por gran parte de la PS brasileña como concepto analítico que expresa la realidad. Hay la necesidad de una mayor incorporación de la CS, sus expresiones y mediaciones como objeto de estudio y actuación en la PS reverberando en las epistemes y métodos que pretenden garantizar a la PS una comprensión de la realidad en la que se centra y pretende intervenir.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, por meio de análises biométricas, os genitores parentais de soja mais estáveis, com maior teor de óleo ou de proteína, cultivados em diferentes épocas e localidades do Estado de Minas Gerais. Quarenta e nove genótipos foram avaliados nos municípios de Viçosa, Visconde do Rio Branco e São Gotardo, em Minas Gerais, de 2009 a 2011. Os conteúdos de proteína e óleo foram analisados por espectrometria no infravermelho, com uso de analisador FT-NIR. Os efeitos de genótipo, ambiente e da interação genótipo x ambiente foram significativos. O genótipo de soja BARC-8 é o melhor genitor para o aumento no teor proteico das progênies, seguido por BR 8014887 e CS 3032PTA276-3-4. A seleção para alto teor de óleo é mais eficiente quando os cruzamentos envolvem os genótipos Suprema, CD 01RR8384 e A7002, que apresentam altos valores de média fenotípica, adaptabilidade ampla e maior estabilidade frente à variação ambiental.

The objective of this work was to identify by biometric analyses the most stable soybean parents, with higher oil or protein contents, cultivated at different seasons and locations of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forty-nine genotypes were evaluated in the municipalities of Viçosa, Visconde do Rio Branco, and São Gotardo, in the state of Minas Gerais, from 2009 to 2011. Protein and oil contents were analyzed by infrared spectrometry using a FT-NIR analyzer. The effects of genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction were significant. The BARC-8 soybean genotype is the best parent to increase protein contents in the progenies, followed by BR 8014887 and CS 3032PTA276-3-4. Selection for high oil content is more efficient when the crossings involve the Suprema, CD 01RR8384, and A7002 genotypes, which show high mean phenotypic values, wide adaptability, and greater stability to environmental variation.

The main objective of this study the Marandu grass using total dry matter (CS), hand-plucking sample (PS) and extrusa (EXT) in a completely randomized design. The samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein, ether extract, neutral (NDF) and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, ash, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total, and non fiber carbohydrates. The samples for PS presented DM, NDF and ADF values of 25.19, 65.31, and 28.91 %. The EXT values for NDF and ADF were 73.21 and 33.46 %, respectively, reflecting the selectivity of the animal. The ADF value for CS was 36.01 %, due to the high proportion of senescent material in the forage. The CS and hand plucked samples obtained did not represent the diet consumed by the animals. The chemical composition of the forage is influenced by the different sampling methods.

Objetivou neste trabalho avaliar o capim Marandu, sob pastejo através do corte rente ao solo (CS), pastejo simulado (PS) e extrusa ruminai (EXT) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram mensurados teores de matèria seca (MS), proteina bruta, extrato etèreo, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), ácido (FDA), hemicelulose, celulose, lignina e cinzas, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, carboidratos totais e não fibrosos. As amostras de PS apresentaram para MS, FDN e FDA valores de 25,19, 65,31 e 28,91 %. A FDN e FDA encontrados na EXT foram de 73,21 e 33,46 %, reflexo da seletividade do animal. Os valores de FDA apresentados para CS foram de 36,01 %. As amostras obtidas pela disponibilidade total e pastejo simulado não foram representativas da dieta ingerida pelos animais. A composicão bromatológica da forragem è influenciada pelos diferentes mètodos de amostragem.

The potential of populations of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) to become resistant to insecticides has stimulated research into alternative tactics of integrated pest management such as the induction of host-plant resistance. Recent data have shown that silicon can increase the degree of resistance of host plants to insect pests. Therefore the aim of our work was to study the effects of silicon application on the vegetative development of soybean plants and on the induction of resistance to the silverleaf whitefly, B. tabaci biotype B. We performed choice and no-choice tests of oviposition preference on two soybean cultivars, IAC-19 (moderately resistant to B. tabaci biotype B) and MONSOY-8001 (susceptible), with and without application of silicon. Silicon did not affect silverleaf whitefly oviposition preferences, but caused significant mortality in nymphs. Thus, silicon increased the degree of resistance to silverleaf whitefly. Silicon decreased the production of phenolic compounds, but did not affect lignin production. However, when applied to cultivar IAC-19, it increased the production of non-protein organic nitrogen. Silicon had no effect on the vegetative development of soybean plants, but it increased the degree of resistance to the silverleaf whitefly. We conclude that silicon applications combined with cultivar IAC-19 can significantly decrease silverleaf whitefly populations, having a positive impact both on the soybean plant and on the environment.

For the last two decades, ultrasound (US) has been considered a surrogate for the gold standard in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not yet standardised for diagnosing and grading liver schistosomal fibrosis. The aim of this paper was to analyse MRI using an adaptation of World Health Organization (WHO) patterns for US assessment of schistosomiasis-related morbidity. US and MRI were independently performed in 60 patients (42.1 ± 13.4 years old), including 37 men and 23 women with schistosomiasis. Liver involvement appraised by US and MRI was classified according to the WHO protocol from patterns A-F. Agreement between image methods was evaluated by kappa index (k). The correlation between US and MRI was poor using WHO patterns [k = 0.14; confidence interval (CI) 0.02; 0.26]. Even after grouping image patterns as "A-D", "Dc-E" and "Ec-F", the correlation between US and MRI remained weak (k = 0.39; CI 0.21; 0.58). The magnetic resonance adaptation used in our study did not confirm US classification of WHO patterns for liver fibrosis.

O mirtilo é uma fruta rica em polifenóis e antocianinas que apresenta alta atividade antioxidante. No entanto, essa atividade pode ser alterada por condições de armazenamento e processamento dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a manutenção das qualidades físicas e químicas de frutos de mirtilo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) do cultivar Bluegem em diferentes condições de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e unidade experimental composta por 400g de frutos. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: [1] armazenamento refrigerado (AR); [2] AR com absorção de etileno por sachês de permanganato de potássio; [3] atmosfera controlada (AC) com 2,0kPa O2 + 1 0,0kPa CO2; [4] AC com 2,0kPa O2 + 15,0kPa CO2; e [5] AC com 10,0kPa O2 + 15,0kPa CO2; [6] AC com 2,0kPa O2 + 10,0kPa CO2 e aplicação de 900ìg kg-1 de 1-metilciclopropeno. Os frutos submetidos a todos os tratamentos foram armazenados na temperatura de 0,5°C (± 0,1 °C). A avaliação da qualidade dos frutos foi realizada após sete semanas de armazenamento mais 84 horas (três dias e meio) de exposição a 20°C (± 0,2°C). A melhor conservação de mirtilo 'Bluegem' ocorreu em armazenamento refrigerado, em que se obteve maior acidez titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e porcentagem de frutos firmes, conteúdo de antocianinas e polifenóis totais. Além de menor produção de etileno e CO2. A remoção do etileno da câmara de armazenamento favorece a conservação dos frutos.

The aim of this work was to evaluate storage conditions on the maintenance of the physiochemical qualities in Bluegem blueberry. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design , with four replicates and the experimental unit consisted of approximately 400g of fruits. Six storage conditions were evaluated as follows: [ 1 ] Cold storage (CS); [2] CS with ethylene scrubbing; [3] Controlled atmosphere (CA) with 2.0 kPa O2 + 10.0 kPa CO2; [4] CA with 2.0 kPa O2 + 15.0 kPa CO2; [5] CA with 10.0 kPa O2 + 15.0 kPa CO2; [6] CA with 2.0 kPa O2 + 10.0 kPa CO2 with application of 900 ìg kg-1 of 1-methilciclopropene. All treatments were stored at 0.5°C (± 0.1°C). Fruit quality was evaluated after seven weeks of storage plus three more days at 20°C (± 0.2°C). The best 'Bluegem' blueberry conservation was achieved in cold storage, which gave the highest titratable acidity, total soluble solids and percentage of firm fruit, lowest ethylene and CO 2 production as well as the highest anthocyanin and total polyphenolic contents. However, the removal of ethylene in the storage room can prolong fruit conservation.

As principais alterações indesejáveis observadas no período pós-colheita de caquis em armazenamento refrigerado (AR) são a perda de firmeza de polpa, e a ocorrência de escurecimento epidérmico e de podridões. Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal estudar as respostas da aplicação de boro (B) e cálcio (Ca), em três safras sucessivas, na prevenção da ocorrência de fissuras, estrias e escurecimento epidérmico de caquis "Fuyu". No pomar (Farroupilha-RS-Brasil, 29°31' Sul, 51°21' Oeste, aproximadamente 750m altitude) delimitou-se uma área homogênea de 0,5ha., marcando-se, ao acaso, três repetições de cinco plantas para cada tratamento: T1 - controle, caquizeiros não-pulverizados com B e Ca; T2 - pulverizações com Nitrato de Ca 0,5% (m/v); T3 - pulverizações com Cloreto de Ca 0,5% (m/v); e T4 - pulverizações com B 0,3% (m/v). As aplicações foram realizadas em três anos sucessivos a partir de 15 de janeiro a intervalos de 20 dias. Foram colhidos os caquis na coloração alaranjado-avermelhada, com 18-20°Brix e 45 a 60N, que posteriormente foram armazenados em AR a 0±1°C por 45 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas no dia do armazenamento, após seis horas a 23±2°C a partir da retirada AR, e após quatro dias a 23±2°C a partir da retirada do AR. Foi avaliada a ocorrência de frutas com fissuras, estrias e escurecimento epidérmico. Comprovou-se o efeito benéfico da aplicação de B ou Ca na prevenção de fissuras, estrias e escurecimento epidérmico. Adicionalmente, foi detectado o incremento da resposta à aplicação de B, que, além de prevenir (à semelhança das aplicações com Ca), apresentou efeito aditivo no segundo ano. O resultado sugere que as respostas às aplicações com B são progressivas.

Flesh softening, skin browning and rotting are chief problems during cold storage (CS) of 'Fuyu' Persimmon. We studied the effects of boron (B) and calcium (Ca) sprayed on the trees during three consecutive years, on the development of skin cracks, grooves and browning in persimmon fruit under CS in Farroupilha, RS, Brazil (29°31' south, 51°21' west, about 750 m altitude). A homogeneous orchard area of 0.5 ha was delimitated and three sets of five plants for each treatment were randomly selected. The persimmon trees were sprayed at a 20 day interval, from 15th January until harvest, for three consecutive years, with: T1) water; T2) calcium nitrate at 0.5% (m/v); T3) calcium chloride at 0.5% (m/v); and T4) boron at 0.3% (m/v). The fruit were harvest with orange-reddish colour; 18-20°Brix, pulp firmness of 45 to 60N, and kept under CS at 0±1°C for 45 days. The fruits were evaluated immediately before CS, after six hours at 23±2°C after removal from CS, and after four days at 23±2°C after removal from CS. Equally boron and calcium sprayed on the trees prevented skin cracks, skin grooves and skin browning. Besides, when boron was sprayed on the trees, the mentioned effects were additive in the following year.

Abdominal ultrasound (US) has been widely used in the evaluation of patients with schistosomiasis mansoni. It represents an important indirect method of diagnosis and classification of the disease, and it has also been used as a tool in the evaluation of therapeutic response and regression of fibrosis. We describe the case of a man in whom US showed solid evidence of schistosomal periportal fibrosis and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that periportal signal alteration corresponded to adipose tissue which entered the liver togheter with the portal vein.

Acute cases of schistosomiasis have been found on the coastal area of Pernambuco, Brazil, due to environmental disturbances and disorderly occupation of the urban areas. This study identifies and spatially marks the main foci of the snail host species, Biomphalaria glabrata on Itamaracá Island. The chaotic occupation of the beach resorts has favoured the emergence of transmission foci, thus exposing residents and tourists to the risk of infection. A database covering five years of epidemiological investigation on snails infected by Schistosoma mansoni in the island was produced with information from the geographic positioning of the foci, number of snails collected, number of snails tested positive, and their infection rate. The spatial position of the foci were recorded through the Global Positioning System (GPS), and the geographical coordinates were imported by AutoCad. The software packages ArcView and Spring were used for data processing and spatial analysis. AutoCad 2000 was used to plot the pairs of coordinates obtained from GPS. Between 1998 and 2002 5009 snails, of which 12.2% were positive for S. mansoni, were collected in Forte Beach. A total of 27 foci and areas of environmental risk were identified and spatially analyzed allowing the identification of the areas exposed to varying degrees of risk.