Abstract Introduction: Blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are defined as a tear in the thoracic aorta caused by a high energy blunt trauma. The most common reported mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents, and it can be potentially lethal. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) guidelines recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the first line treatment for BTAI. Other controversies regarding BTAI management were reported in the literature, such as the best treatment for minimal aortic injuries with intimal tear, ideal stent graft oversizing, best timing for treatment and necessity to cover the left subclavian artery (LSA). The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze appropriate studies published so far about the management of BTAI. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. We used the following combination of key words in our search strategy ((aortic injury) AND (blunt thoracic trauma)) AND (vascular surgery* OR treatment* OR TEVAR*). Articles not in English were excluded. The primary subject was results of endovascular treatment. Secondary subjects were indications and results of OSR, best timing for intervention, ideal graft oversizing, need for left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, and management of BTAI grade I (intimal tear). Results: Data related to our primary and secondary subjects were extracted from the selected articles. TEVAR is considered the primary treatment for BTAI, if the patient has suitable anatomy, with good short and mid-term outcomes, with lower mortality and paraplegia rates at short and mid-term follow-up, compared to OSR. Despite good term results at short-term follow-up after TEVAR, long-term outcomes are still a concern. OSR is still a valid option in selected cases, and it should be considered for patients whose injury location is unsuitable for the endovascular approach. In most patients with BTAI, it is recommended around 10% of graft oversizing. However, a more aggressive approach with oversizing between 10-20% should be considered for patients with considerable hypotension and even >20% for patients presenting with severe hypotensive hemorrhagic shock. A necessity of LSA coverage has been reported in 30% of TEVAR for urgent treatment of BTAI, and it seems to be well tolerated. We should considered expectant approach with serial follow-up CT scans in patients with BTAI grade I injuries with asymptomatic intimal aortic tear. Conclusions: This literature review reports and synthetizes published data about the management strategies for BTAI. TEVAR seems to be effective in the treatment of BTAI, with few complications and good outcomes at short and mid-term follow-up, and it should be the first-line treatment for these patients. OSR should be an option when a patient’s injury is not suitable for endovascular approach.

Abstract Introduction: Blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are defined as a tear in the thoracic aorta caused by a high energy blunt trauma. The most common reported mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents, and it can be potentially lethal. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) guidelines recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the first line treatment for BTAI. Other controversies regarding BTAI management were reported in the literature, such as the best treatment for minimal aortic injuries with intimal tear, ideal stent graft oversizing, best timing for treatment and necessity to cover the left subclavian artery (LSA). The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze appropriate studies published so far about the management of BTAI. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. We used the following combination of key words in our search strategy ((aortic injury) AND (blunt thoracic trauma)) AND (vascular surgery* OR treatment* OR TEVAR*). Articles not in English were excluded. The primary subject was results of endovascular treatment. Secondary subjects were indications and results of OSR, best timing for intervention, ideal graft oversizing, need for left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, and management of BTAI grade I (intimal tear). Results: Data related to our primary and secondary subjects were extracted from the selected articles. TEVAR is considered the primary treatment for BTAI, if the patient has suitable anatomy, with good short and mid-term outcomes, with lower mortality and paraplegia rates at short and mid-term follow-up, compared to OSR. Despite good term results at short-term follow-up after TEVAR, long-term outcomes are still a concern. OSR is still a valid option in selected cases, and it should be considered for patients whose injury location is unsuitable for the endovascular approach. In most patients with BTAI, it is recommended around 10% of graft oversizing. However, a more aggressive approach with oversizing between 10-20% should be considered for patients with considerable hypotension and even >20% for patients presenting with severe hypotensive hemorrhagic shock. A necessity of LSA coverage has been reported in 30% of TEVAR for urgent treatment of BTAI, and it seems to be well tolerated. We should considered expectant approach with serial follow-up CT scans in patients with BTAI grade I injuries with asymptomatic intimal aortic tear. Conclusions: This literature review reports and synthetizes published data about the management strategies for BTAI. TEVAR seems to be effective in the treatment of BTAI, with few complications and good outcomes at short and mid-term follow-up, and it should be the first-line treatment for these patients. OSR should be an option when a patient’s injury is not suitable for endovascular approach.

Em 1978 Christopher T. Russell e Richard C. Elphic detectaram tubos de fluxo magnético na região de fronteira da magnetosfera terrestre por meio de dados observacionais obtidos pelos satélites ISEE-1 e −2, que foram denominados eventos de transferência de fluxo, ou simplesmente FTE (do inglês, flux transfer events). O vento solar, juntamente com o campo magnético interplanetário, oriundos do Sol, atingem a região de campo magnético terrestre, produzindo fenômenos como a reconexão magnética e os tubos de fluxo. Esse artigo apresenta uma introdução sobre a conexão Sol-Terra e o processo de reconexão magnética, e principalmente, os conceitos básicos sobre a geração e a formação dos tubos de fluxo magnético. Os modelos que descrevem o tipo de reconexão e as características dos tubos, como por exemplo Russell-Elphic, Lee-Fu e Southwood-Scholer, e as propriedades dos eventos FTE, são apresentados de forma clara e concisa. Por fim, o artigo trata de um exemplo de identificação dos tubos em simulação computacional, realizado nesse trabalho.

In 1978 Christopher T. Russell and Richard C. Elphic detected magnetic flux tubes in magnetosphere boundary region through observational data obtained from the satellites ISEE-1 and −2, which were named flux transfer events (FTE). The solar wind together with the interplanetary magnetic field, both originated in the Sun, reach the earth magnetic field region, producing the magnetic reconnection and the flux tubes phenomena. This paper presents an introduction on the Sun-Earth connection and the magnetic reconnection process, and mainly the basic concepts on the tubes generation and formation. The models which describe the type of reconnection and the tubes signatures, for example, Russell-Elphic, Lee-Fu, Southwood-Scholer, and the FTE event characteristics, are presented in a clear and concise way. Finally, this paper brings an example of the tubes identification in computing simulation, performed in this work.

Larvas de Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914, são comumente encontradas em cereais de inverno (trigo, cevada, aveia e triticale), milho e soja, no Rio Grande do Sul. Em março de 2012, larvas desta espécie foram detectadas em plantas de mirtileiro (Vaccinium ashei Reade), cultivar 'O´Neal', no município de Pelotas, RS. Os insetos alimentaram-se de raízes em áreas restritas do pomar. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência do coró-pequeno, C. flavipennis, em plantas de mirtileiro

Cyclocephala flavipennis Arrow, 1914 are usually found in winter cereals (wheat, barley, oat and triticale), corn and soybean in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Larvae of the species were detected in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivar 'O´Neal', in March 2012 in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The white grub fed up with roots in restricted areas from the orchard. This is the first record of C. flavipennis in blueberry plants

Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito dos fitorreguladores Ga3 e Paclobutrazol no florescimento e produção de frutos de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). O experimento foi conduzido em Caldas (MG), na EPAMIG. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, num esquema fatorial 2x4, onde as variáveis dependentes foram duas cultivares ('Oso Grande' e 'Seascape') e os tratamentos controle (água); GA3 a 40 mg L-1 em duas aplicações (aos 45 e 65 dias após o transplante); paclobutrazol (produto comercial Cultar 10%) a 100 mg L-1 aos 75 dias após o transplante das mudas; combinação de GA3 + paclobutrazol aplicados aos 45; 65 e aos 75 dias, respectivamente, após o transplante. Os tratamentos foram aplicados via foliar em ambas as cultivares. A resposta à aplicação dos fitorreguladores GA3 e paclobutrazol em morangueiro depende da cultivar. A cv. Seascape, de dia neutro, respondeu melhor à aplicação de GA3 que a 'Oso Grande', de dia curto; Por outro lado, o paclobutrazol, quando aplicado via foliar, aos 75 dias após o transplante, reduziu o florescimento do morangueiro o que mostra a necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre dosagens e épocas de aplicação do paclobutrazol nesta cultura.

The effect of bioregulators GA3 and paclobutrazol was evaluated on flowering and yield of strawberry cultivars Oso Grande and Seascape. The experiment was carried out in Caldas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of control (no application of bioregulators); GA3 at 40 mg L-1, in two applications (45 and 65 days after transplanting date); paclobutrazol (commercial product Cultar, 10%) at 100 mg L-1, 75 days after transplanting date; combination of GA3 + paclobutrazol, applied 45; 65 and 75 days, respectively, after transplanting date. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with four replications, in a factorial 2x4. The response to the bioregulators GA3 and Paclobutrazol was cultivar dependent. 'Seascape', a day neutral cultivar, presented better results in relation to application of GA3 than 'Oso Grande', a short-day cultivar. Paclobutrazol applied 75 days after transplanting date reduced the flowering.