As alterações músculo-esqueléticas associadas ao envelhecimento são comuns, limitando a mobilidade, aumentando a fragilidade e o risco de queda, contribuindo assim para o aparecimento de fraturas sobretudo do membro inferior. A fratura da extremidade proximal do fémur é comum na pessoa idosa e apresenta uma tendência epidemiológica crescente. Por sua vez, a imobilidade condicionada pela fratura favorece a perda de funcionalidade e da capacidade de autocuidado. O enfermeiro é um elemento integrado na equipa multidisciplinar, que atua na prevenção de complicações, na manutenção da função existente e na reeducação funcional, com foco na capacitação para o autocuidado e na reinserção social. Objetivos: Identificar quais as intervenções do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação que previnem o declínio funcional da pessoa com fratura da extremidade proximal do fémur. Métodos: Para dar resposta à questão de investigação: Quais as intervenções do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação que previnem o declínio funcional da pessoa com fratura da extremidade proximal do fémur?" realizou-se uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura com protocolo de pesquisa segundo o acrónimo PI[C]O - População, Intervenções, Outcomes. Recorreu-se ao Fluxograma PRISMA e à elaboração de Tabelas de Apresentação de Resultados. Resultados: Foram apurados seis estudos que respondem à questão de investigação. Estes evidenciam que a intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação deve incluir uma avaliação pós-alta hospitalar. Conclusões. A continuidade do programa de enfermagem de reabilitação é fundamental na prevenção de multidimensional permitindo tomar decisões sobre o planeamento de cuidados, incluindo programas de mobilizações, treino de marcha e de Atividades de Vida Diária, envolvendo a pessoa e o cuidador/família, garantindo a continuidade de cuidados nas complicações associadas à fratura da extremidade proximal do fémur, sobretudo resultantes da vulnerabilidade acrescida da pessoa/família.

Musculoskeletal changes associated with aging are common, limiting mobility, increasing frailty and the risk of falling, thus contributing to the appearance of fractures, especially in the lower limb. Hip fracture is common in the elderly and shows a growing epidemiological trend. In turn, the immobility conditioned by the fracture favors the loss of functionality and self-care capacity. The Nurse is an element integrated in the multidisciplinary team, which acts in the prevention of complications, in the maintenance of the existing function and in the functional re-education, focusing on the training for self-care and the social reintegration of the person. Objectives: To identify which interventions by the Specialist Rehabilitation Nurse prevent the functional decline of patients with fractures of the proximal end of the femur. Methods: To answer the research question: Which rehabilitation nursing interventions prevent the functional decline of people with hip fractures?", an Integrative Literature Review (IRL) was carried out with a research protocol according to the acronym PI[C]O - Population, Interventions, Outcomes. The PRISMA Flowchart and the preparation of Results Presentation Tables were used. Results: Six studies were selected that answer the research question. These show that the EER intervention must include a multidimensional evaluation allowing decision-making on care planning, including mobilization programs, gait training and ADL involving the person and the caregiver/family, ensuring the continuity of post-discharge care. Conclusions The continuity of the rehabilitation nursing program is fundamental in the prevention of complications associated with fracture of the proximal end of the femur, mainly resulting from the increased vulnerability of the person/family

Abstract The aim of this study consists in phenomenologically identifying and understanding, by the report of Sport Psychologists (SP) and coaches, in their practical experience, how would be the reflexive processes that take place in their performance, as learned from reports of their experiences. The research method chosen was phenomenology, since it offers the necessary resources for such a dive along with the reflective experience. The intentional sample was outlined by SP and coaches (Physical Education professionals who use coaching) active in high performance sports, who have or are working in collective and/or individual sports. Nine interviews were conducted (five with SP, four with coaches). Access to the object of this study took place by in-depth and semi-structured interviews, guided by suspensive listening. The triggering questions were formulated based on the adapted Structured Reflection Procedure. For the analysis of the interviews, a synthesis of each report was carried out, followed by the intentional crossing. As results, it was noticed that SP and coaches bring some similarities regarding the ways of reflecting on their practice. However, their experiences of these reflective processes are that they can take different directions. The SP are based on the regulation of the profession and guard themselves in their notes, bringing their experiences and reflections on the processes experienced. Coaches bring in their explanations a coherent, organized, and compatible work with the coaching method. Problematizing the reflective processes of these professionals allows to differentiate their actuation qualitatively and ethically, making the multiprofessional phenomenon in sport possible.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio consiste en identificar y comprender fenomenológicamente, a partir de la experiencia práctica de psicólogos del deporte (PD) y coaches, cómo serían los procesos reflexivos que se llevan a cabo en su rendimiento, tal y como se desprende de los informes de experiencias. El método de investigación elegido fue la fenomenología, ya que ofrece los recursos necesarios junto con la experiencia. La muestra intencional fue delineada por PD y coaches (profesionales de la educación física que utilizan el coaching) activos en deportes de alto rendimiento, que tienen o están trabajando en deportes colectivos e/o individuales. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas (cinco con PD, cuatro con coaches). El acceso al objeto de este estudio fue entrevistas en profundidad y semiestructuradas, guiadas por escuchas suspensivas. Las preguntas se formularon desde el procedimiento de reflexión estructurado adaptado. Para el análisis de las entrevistas, se hizo una síntesis de cada informe, seguida del cruce intencional. Como resultados, se notó que los PD y coaches tienen algunas similitudes con respecto a las formas de reflexionar sobre su práctica. Sin embargo, las experiencias que hacen de estos procesos pueden tomar diferentes direcciones. Los(las) PD se basan en la regulación de la profesión y se protegen en sus notas, aportando sus experiencias y reflexiones sobre los procesos vividos. Los(las) coaches plantean en sus explicaciones un trabajo coherente, organizado y compatible con el método de Coaching. Problematizar los procesos reflexivos de estos profesionales permite diferenciar sus acciones de manera cualitativa y ética, además de posibilitar la promoción multiprofesional en el deporte.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e compreender fenomenologicamente, por meio de relato de Psicólogos de Esporte (PE) e de Coaches, em sua vivência prática, como ocorrem os processos reflexivos em sua atuação, conforme apreendidos a partir de relatos de experiências. O método de investigação escolhido foi a fenomenologia, pois oferece os recursos necessários para tal mergulho junto à experiência reflexiva. A amostra intencional foi delineada por PE e Coaches (profissionais de Educação Física que recorrem ao Coaching) em atividade em esportes de alto rendimento, que tenham atuado ou estejam atuando em modalidades esportivas coletivas e/ou individuais. Realizaram-se nove entrevistas (cinco com PE, quatro com Coaches). O acesso ao objeto desse estudo se deu por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e semiestruturadas, orientadas pela escuta suspensiva. As questões disparadoras foram formuladas com base no Procedimento Estruturado de Reflexão adaptado. Para análise das entrevistas, realizou-se uma síntese de cada relato, seguindo-se de cruzamento intencional. Como resultados, percebeu-se que PE e Coaches trazem algumas similaridades no que se refere aos modos de refletir sobre sua prática. No entanto, as experiências que eles fazem desses processos reflexivos é que podem tomar rumos distintos. Os(as) PE amparam-se na regulamentação da profissão e resguardam-se em seus apontamentos, trazendo suas experiências e reflexões sobre os processos vividos. Os(as) Coaches trazem em suas explanações um trabalho coerente, organizado e compatível com o método do Coaching. Problematizar os processos reflexivos desses profissionais permite diferenciar qualitativa e eticamente suas atuações, possibilitando o fomento multiprofissional no esporte.

ABSTRACT Objective The radiological and functional lung sequelae in COVID-19 survivors remain unclear. We compared the chest computed tomography findings of COVID-19 patients with normal and abnormal pulmonary function test results in the post-recovery phase. Methods The data of consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography within 14 days after recovery from COVID-19 at two medical centers between May and October 2020 were collected retrospectively. Two thoracic radiologists who were blinded to the clinical information and pulmonary function test results classified the patients according to the computed tomography features, evidence of fibrotic-like changes, and semi-quantitative quantification of the extent of pulmonary abnormalities. The clinical characteristics and computed tomography findings of patients with normal pulmonary function test results were compared with those of patients with abnormal results. Results A total of 101 COVID-19 survivors, comprising 48 ambulatory and 53 hospitalized patients, were included at a median of 95 days from initial symptom onset. Computed tomography revealed fibrotic-like changes in 10.9% of patients. A reduction in the diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide was the most common lung function abnormality (19.8%). Abnormal diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide was associated with the presence and extension of lung opacities on chest computed tomography scans and fibrotic pulmonary abnormalities. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of reduced diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide for detecting fibrotic-like pulmonary changes on chest computed tomography scans were 72.7%, 87.8%, and 86.1%, respectively. Conclusion Our study suggests that the presence of an abnormal diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide in the post-recovery phase of COVID-19 is associated with a greater risk of long-term parenchymal lung disease, as evidenced by the presence of fibrotic-like changes on chest computed tomography scans, such as traction bronchiectasis and architectural distortion.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender as Representações Sociais da obesidade e magreza entre pessoas obesas. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, com questões sobre o que pensavam sobre a obesidade e a magreza, e foi aplicado um questionário com questões de caracterização dos participantes. Participaram do estudo 16 adultos de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 20 e 58 anos, considerados obesos. Os dados da entrevista foram analisados por Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, com a utilização do software IRaMuTeQ. A obesidade foi relacionada ao sofrimento, à não aceitação e à doença, e à magreza, ao bem-estar, à felicidade e à solução de todos os conflitos. Esta forma de pensar pode estar relacionada às práticas de cuidado com a saúde adotadas pelas pessoas.

Abstract Obese people often do not feel fully accepted in society. This research aimed at understanding the Social Representations of obesity and thinness among obese people. In-depth interviews were conducted with questions about what they thought about obesity and thinness, and a questionnaire was applied with questions to characterize the participants. Sixteen adults of both genders between the ages of 20 and 58 years old, considered obese participated in the study. The interview data were analyzed by Descending Hierarchical Classification using the IRaMuTeQ software. Obesity was related to suffering, not acceptance and disease, and thinness represents well-being, happiness and the solution of all conflicts. This way of thinking can be related to the health care practices adopted by people.

ABSTRACT: Objective To analyze infant mortality in the State of Piauí, during the period 2004-2014. Methods Epidemiological, descriptive study with secondary data extracted from DATASUS, in which the population was composed of all infant deaths of mothers residing in Piauí, in the period 2004-2014. Results Despite the fluctuations, there was a decline in the infant mortality coefficient and its components, neonatal and post-neonatal. In addition, most deaths could be minimized through actions directed at women in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle and the newborn. Conclusion It has been shown that there is a need for improvement in maternal and child health care in Piauí so that infant mortality reaches the levels of more developed world regions

RESUMO: Objetivo Analisar a mortalidade infantil no Estado do Piauí, no período de 2004-2014. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, com dados secundários extraídos do DATASUS, em que a população foi composta por todos os óbitos infantis de mães residentes no Piauí, no período de 2004-2014. Resultados Apesar das flutuações, houve declínio no coeficiente de mortalidade infantil e nos seus componentes, neonatal e pós-neonatal. Ademais, a maioria dos óbitos poderia ser minimizada através de ações voltadas à mulher no ciclo gravídico-puerperal e ao recém-nascido. Conclusão Evidenciou-se que existe a necessidade de melhoria na atenção à saúde materno-infantil no Piauí para que a mortalidade infantil atinja níveis de regiões mundiais mais desenvolvidas.

RESUMEN: Objetivo Analizar la mortalidad infantil en el estado de Piauí, en el período 2004-2014. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo, utilizando datos secundarios extraídos de DATASUS, donde la población se compone de todos las óbitos infantiles de madres que viven en Piauí, en el período 2004-2014. Resultados A pesar de las fluctuaciones, se produjo una disminución en la tasa de mortalidad infantil y sus componentes, neonatal y la mortalidad post-neonatal. Por otra parte, la mayoría de las muertes podrían minimizarse a través de acciones dirigidas a las mujeres durante el embarazo y el parto y el cuidado del recién nacido. Conclusión Se ha demostrado que existe una necesidad de mejora en la atención a la salud maternoinfantil en Piauí para que la mortalidad infantil alcance niveles de las regiones del mundo más desarrolladas:

We performed spoligotyping and 12-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTRs) typing to characterise Mycobacterium bovis isolates collected from tissue samples of bovines with lesions suggestive for tuberculosis during slaughter inspection procedures in abattoirs in Brazil. High-quality genotypes were obtained with both procedures for 61 isolates that were obtained from 185 bovine tissue samples and all of these isolates were identified as M. bovis by conventional identification procedures. On the basis of the spoligotyping, 53 isolates were grouped into nine clusters and the remaining eight isolates were unique types, resulting in 17 spoligotypes. The majority of the Brazilian M. bovis isolates displayed spoligotype patterns that have been previously observed in strains isolated from cattle in other countries. MIRU-VNTR typing produced 16 distinct genotypes, with 53 isolates forming eight of the groups, and individual isolates with unique VNTR profiles forming the remaining eight groups. The allelic diversity of each VNTR locus was calculated and only two of the 12-MIRU-VNTR loci presented scores with either a moderate (0.4, MIRU16) or high (0.6, MIRU26) discriminatory index (h). Both typing methods produced similar discriminatory indexes (spoligotyping h = 0.85; MIRU-VNTR h = 0.86) and the combination of the two methods increased the h value to 0.94, resulting in 29 distinct patterns. These results confirm that spoligotyping and VNTR analysis are valuable tools for studying the molecular epidemiology of M. bovis infections in Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a frequência de sintomas de asma entre crianças e adolescentes nadadores amadores e descrever o tratamento clínico entre as crianças asmáticas em um clube esportivo privado na cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 171 nadadores amadores de 6 a 14 anos de idade. Todos os participantes ou seus responsáveis foram solicitados a responder o questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), e 119 realizaram prova de função pulmonar em repouso. RESULTADOS: A frequência geral de sintomas de asma (ISAAC > 6 pontos) entre os nadadores foi de 16,8%. Entre os 119 nadadores que realizaram a espirometria, 39 (32,7%) apresentaram alterações espirométricas (VEF1/CVF < 0,75). Entre os sujeitos com escore ISAAC > 6, 10 (31,2%) alegaram não realizar nenhum tipo de tratamento para a doença. Daqueles que afirmaram realizar tratamento medicamentoso, 24% faziam uso de broncodilatadores mas não de corticosteroides. CONCLUSÕES: A frequência de sintomas de asma e de alterações da função pulmonar em nadadores amadores de 6 a 14 anos foi elevada. Além disso, uma proporção considerável destes atletas não recebia tratamento.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of asthma symptoms in young amateur swimmers, and to describe the clinical treatment of the children with asthma in a private sports club in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The study included 171 amateur swimmers, ranging from 6 to14 years of age. All of the participants or their legal guardians were asked to complete the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, and 119 were submitted to pulmonary function testing at rest. RESULTS: The overall incidence of asthma symptoms (ISAAC score > 6) among the swimmers was 16.8%. Of the 119 swimmers submitted to spirometry, 39 (32.7%) presented spirometric alterations (FEV1/FVC < 0.75). Among those with an ISAAC score > 6, there were 10 (31.2%) who stated that they were receiving no asthma treatment. Of those who reported receiving pharmacological treatment, 24% made use of bronchodilators but not of corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of asthma symptoms and pulmonary function alterations among amateur swimmers within the 6-14 age bracket was high. In addition, a relevant proportion of these athletes were receiving no treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to quantify the interaction between increased intra-abdominal pressure and Positive-End Expiratory Pressure. METHODS: In 30 mechanically ventilated ICU patients with a fixed tidal volume, respiratory system plateau and abdominal pressure were measured at a Positive-End Expiratory Pressure level of zero and 10 cm H2O. The measurements were repeated after placing a 5 kg weight on the patients' belly. RESULTS: After the addition of 5 kg to the patients' belly at zero Positive-End Expiratory Pressure, both intra-abdominal pressure (p<0.001) and plateau pressures (p=0.005) increased significantly. Increasing the Positive-End Expiratory Pressure levels from zero to 10 cm H2O without weight on the belly did not result in any increase in intra-abdominal pressure (p=0.165). However, plateau pressures increased significantly (p< 0.001). Increasing Positive-End Expiratory Pressure from zero to 10 cm H2O and adding 5 kg to the belly increased intra-abdominal pressure from 8.7 to 16.8 (p<0.001) and plateau pressure from 18.26 to 27.2 (p<0.001). Maintaining Positive-End Expiratory Pressure at 10 cm H2O and placing 5 kg on the belly increased intra-abdominal pressure from 12.3 +/- 1.7 to 16.8 +/- 1.7 (p<0.001) but did not increase plateau pressure (26.6+/-1.2 to 27.2 +/-1.1 -p=0.83). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a 5kg weight onto the abdomen significantly increased both IAP and the airway plateau pressure, confirming that intra-abdominal hypertension elevates the plateau pressure. However, plateau pressure alone cannot be considered a good indicator for the detection of elevated intra-abdominal pressure in patients under mechanical ventilation using PEEP. In these patients, the intra-abdominal pressure must also be measured.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o uso de diferentes invólucros nos frutos de atemoieira e pinheira na qualidade físico-química dos frutos e na incidência da broca-dos-frutos, Cerconota anonella. Os experimentos foram instalados em dois pomares comerciais: um de atemoieira no município de Matias Cardoso e outro de pinheira no município de Verdelândia, Norte de Minas Gerais. Os tratamentos para a atemoieira consistiram em: 1) Testemunha (sem ensacamento); 2) Saco plástico leitoso; 3) Saco de TNT (tecido-não-tecido) branco sem fundo e 4) Saco de TNT branco com fundo. Para a pinheira foi modificado apenas o tratamento 2 para saco de papel pardo. Avaliaram-se número de dias da polinização à colheita, número de dias da colheita ao amadurecimento, ocorrência de injúrias e brocas e características físico-químicas dos frutos. Observam-se maior número de dias entre a colheita e o amadurecimento e mais firmeza nos frutos de pinheira não-ensacados. O uso do plástico leitoso controlou a broca em frutos de atemoieira. As características físico-químicas: massa, comprimento, diâmetro dos frutos e teor de sólidos solúveis totais da polpa não foram influenciados pelo uso dos invólucros.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect from using different involucres for fruits of the atemoya and sweetsop upon either physiochemical quality of the fruits and incidence of the fruit borer Cerconota anonella. The experiments were set up in two commercial orchards: one with atemoya at Matias Cardoso county and the other one with sweetsop at Verdelândia on northern Minas Gerais state. The treatments for atemoya consisted of: 1) Control (without bagging); 2) Milky plastic bag; 3) White, bottomless, tissue-non-tissue (TNT) bag; and (4) With bottom TNT bag. For the sweetsop, only treatment 2 was modified to brown paper bag. The following evaluation were performed: the number of days from pollination to harvest, number of days from harvest to ripening, occurrence of injuries and borers, and the physiochemical characteristics of the fruits. The no-bagged sweetsop fruits showed higher number of days between the harvest and ripening and higher firmness. The use of the milky plastic controlled the borer in atemoya fruits. The following physiochemical characteristics were not affected by the use of those involucres: weight, length, fruit diameters, and the content of the total soluble solids in the pulp.

A escala de ansiedade, depressão e stresse foi desenvolvida no contexto do modelo tripartido com vista a melhorar a discriminação entre depressão e ansiedade. Ela foi desenvolvida para indivíduos adultos, partindo de conceitos teóricos associados à composição de cada uma das dimensões. Numa tentativa de verificar o seu comportamento numa população adolescente, ela foi preenchida por 361 indivíduos pré-adolescentes e adolescentes, estudantes do Ensino Básico, com idades compreendidas entre os 8 e os 15 anos, dos quais 208 eram raparigas e 153 rapazes, que constituíram uma amostra de conveniência. Os resultados obtidos, se sugerem que pode ser interessante nesta população, carecem entretanto de mais estudos da sensibilidade da escala.

The anxiety, stress and depression scale was developed in a context of a tripartite model and its objective was to improve the differentiation between depression and anxiety. It was developed for adults and based on theoretical concepts associated with each of the three dimension's characteristics. In an attempt to verify its performance involving an adolescent population, it was applied to 361 pre-adolescents and adolescents who were elementary and high school students an were aged between 8 and 15 years old. This was a convenience sample, with 208 girls and 153 boys. The results obtained suggest that although this scale might be of importance to this population, further studies are needed to evaluate the scale's sensitivit

OBJETIVO: A doença de Behçet (DB) representa uma patologia sistêmica, cuja sobrevida se relaciona com a presença de acometimento pulmonar. Entretanto, sugere-se que pacientes com diferentes tratamentos podem apresentar diferentes prognósticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução clínica e tomográfica, bem como a sobrevida deste pacientes com acometimento pulmonar relacionado à DB acompanhados em nosso serviço. MÉTODOS: Uma análise retrospectiva de nossa experiência com pacientes com acometimento pulmonar relaionado a DB acompanhados de 1 de Janeiro de 1988 a 30 de Abril de 2006. Os dados clínicos, radiológicos, terapêuticos e de sobrevida foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 9 pacientes, com idade média de 34 ± 11,5 anos, sendo 7 deles do sexo masculino. Os achados radiológicos foram aneurisma de artéria pulmonar (AAP) em 8 pacientes, embolia pulmonar em 3 (resultando em uma incidencia de 5,11 casos/100 paciente-anos), hemorragia alveolar em 1 e hipertensão pulmonar em 1 de 9 doentes. O tratamento consistiu-se de prednisona mais clorambucil (ou ciclofosfamida ou micofenolato de mofetil) em todos os 9 pacientes, com resolução total ou parcial dos AAP. O paciente com AAP e hipertensão pulmonar também recebeu sildenafil e warfarina, com boa resposta clínica e tomográfica. A sobrevida de nossos pacientes foi de 88,8% em 3 e 5 anos, com acompanhamento médio de 6,52 anos. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com acometimento pulmonar relacionado à DB podem apresentar boa sobrevida com tratamento imunossupressor, e a DB deve ser lembrada como uma possível causa de hipertensão pulmonar e hemorragia alveolar.

OBJECTIVE: Behcet's syndrome, or Behcet's disease (BD), is a multisystem pathology, and survival is related to pulmonary involvement. However, it appears that different treatments correlate with different prognoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and tomographic evolution, as well as the survival, of patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement. METHODS: A retrospective review of our experience with pulmonary manifestations in patients with BD treated at our institution between January 1, 1988 and April 30, 2006. The clinical, radiological, treatment and survival data were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS: We identified 9 patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement. The mean age was 34 ± 11.5 years, and 7 of the patients were male. The radiological findings were as follows: pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) in 8 patients; pulmonary embolism in 3 (translating to an incidence of 5.11 cases/100 patient-years); alveolar hemorrhage in one; and pulmonary hypertension in one. The treatment consisted of immunosuppression with prednisone plus chlorambucil (or cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil) in all patients, with partial or complete resolution of the PAAs. One patient with a PAA and pulmonary hypertension also received sildenafil and warfarin, with good clinical and tomographic response (the first report in the English literature). In our sample, the mean duration of the follow-up period was 6.52 years. The three-year survival rate was 88.8%, as was the five-year survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement can present good survival with immunosuppressive therapy, and BD should be borne in mind as a possible cause of pulmonary hypertension and alveolar hemorrhage.

As vasculites pulmonares primárias são caracterizadas por processo inflamatório na parede dos vasos pulmonares que leva a isquemia e hemorragia pulmonar com as conseqüentes expressões clínicas e radiológicas. As vasculites pulmonares primárias são acompanhadas de expressão sistêmicas cutâneas, em nervos periféricos, rins, seios da face, olhos e ouvidos, além do trato gastrintestinal, e sistemas cardíaco e nervoso central. O diagnóstico é feito através da associação das informações clínicas, radiológicas e anatomopatológicas. O tratamento com corticosteróides e imunossupressores deve ser instituído precocemente e apresenta altas taxas de remissão.

The primary forms of pulmonary vasculitis are characterized by an inflammatory process in the pulmonary vessel walls, leading to pulmonary ischemia and hemorrhage and the consequent clinical and radiological manifestations. These forms of vasculitis are accompanied by symptoms involving the skin, peripheral nerves, kidneys, sinuses, eyes, ears and gastrointestinal tract, as well as the cardiac and central nervous systems. The diagnosis is made through analysis of the clinical, radiological and pathological data. When treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy is initiated early, remission rates are high.

A síndrome de Churg-Strauss caracteriza-se por asma, eosinofilia e graus variados de vasculite sistêmica. As formas mais graves com acometimento cardíaco, gastrintestinal, sistema nervoso central e renal requerem ciclofosfamida para seu tratamento.

Churg-Strauss syndrome is characterized by asthma, eosinophilia and various degrees of systemic vasculitis. The most severe forms of the disease, presenting cardiac, gastrointestinal, central nervous system and renal involvement, require cyclophosphamide therapy.

A granulomatose de Wegener caracteriza-se por vasculite necrosante granulomatosa que acomete preferencialmente vias aéreas superiores, inferiores e rins. Seu diagnóstico é feito associando-se as manifestações clínicas, radiológicas (multiplos nódulos escavados) e os achados anatomopatológicos e o anticorpo anticitoplasma de neutrófilos positivo. O tratamento com corticosteróides e ciclofosfamida leva a 90% de remissão da doença em 1 ano.

Wegener's granulomatosis is characterized by granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis that primarily affects the airways (upper and lower) and the kidneys. The diagnosis is made by analyzing the clinical and radiological manifestations (multiple pulmonary cavitations), together with the pathological findings and results of the test for cytoplasmic-pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Treatment consists of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide and leads to remission of the disease within one year in 90% of cases.