ABSTRACT Geometric and radiometric corrections of images obtained by remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) are required for the measurement of the spectral reflectance and calculation of vegetation indices. This study aimed to determine which radiometric calibration procedures allow obtaining suborbital images with more accurate reflectance data and spectral indices based on data collected by a Sequoia multispectral camera coupled to a RPAS on black oat cultivations at the flowering stage located in Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. The orthophoto mosaics were processed without and with radiometric corrections by reflectance calibration ground target and/or solar irradiance sensor of the camera, and the radiometric accuracy of these images was evaluated using spectral reflectance ground data collected by the Crop Circle canopy sensor. The results indicated that the use of a reflectance calibration ground target is recommended to increase the radiometric accuracy of photographs even if the Sequoia solar irradiance sensor is employed. The use of the light gray target in the radiometric calibration resulted in orthophotos with the mean square error of reflectance values lower than 0.01 for all the analyzed bands and spectral indices.

In this work, the efficiency of clarification treatment (coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation) with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate (SA) as coagulants was evaluated in the removal of 7 microcontaminants (diclofenac - DCF, sulfamethoxazole - SMX, ethinylestradiol - EE2, bisphenol-A - BPA, estradiol - E2, estrone - E1 and estriol - E3) in water of low and high turbidity. The clarification treatment led to poor removal rates (40% at most) for all microcontaminants except SMX which exhibited intermediate removal efficiency (67 to 70%). Overall, PAC application yielded better performance compared to SA.