The identification of the skeletal maturation stage of the cervical vertebrae has proven an important reference for orthodontic diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the skeletal maturation stage of the cervical vertebrae and types of malocclusion according to the age and gender of participants. A total of 361 individuals (168 males and 193 females) between 8 and 14 years of age were selected from a convenience sample. Malocclusions were diagnosed through study models using the Angle classification. Maturation stages of the cervical vertebrae were determined using the method proposed by Hassel and Farman. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test (p £ 0.05) and multiple logistic regression (forward stepwise procedure). Significant differences were observed between the stage of skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and gender at ages 11, 12 and 14 years. Males with Class II malocclusion were twice as likely to be in Stage 1 or 2 of cervical vertebra maturation than individuals with Class I malocclusion (OR = 2.1 [CI 95%, 1.33-3.18]). There were no differences between individuals with Class I and Class III malocclusions. The association between skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and type of malocclusion was significant, suggesting a skeletal component in the determination of Class II malocclusions.

This study aimed to evaluate the cephalometric pattern of Class II Division 1 individuals with deep bite, and to determine possible correlations between dentoskeletal variables and deep bite. Comparisons were also made between genders and cases that were to be treated both with and without premolar extraction. A total of 70 lateral cephalograms were used, from both male (n = 35) and female (n = 35) individuals with an average age of 11.6 years, who simultaneously presented with ANB > 5º and overbite > 4 mm. Statistical analysis involved parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney) tests for independent samples, as well as the Spearman correlation test (p < 0.05). The values of Go-Me, Ar-Pog, PM-1 and PM-CMI were higher in males (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found among the averages of the cephalometric measurements when the sample was divided by treatment with and without extraction. Deep bite was positively correlated to the PM-1 and SNA measurements, and negatively correlated to the Go-Me, Ar-Pog, SNB and SNGoMe measurements. The main factors associated with the determination of deep bite in Angle's Class II Division 1 cases were: greater lower anterior dentoalveolar growth and/or lower incisor extrusion, horizontal growth pattern, maxillary protrusion and mandibular retrusion.

The aim of the present study was to compare the use of three cervical vertebral evaluation methods (Hassel-Farman, Baccetti et al., and Seedat-Forsberg) for determinating skeletal maturation stage in orthodontic patients. Twenty-three radiographs were randomly selected from a private orthodontic practice. Each radiograph was analyzed on three separate occasions by four evaluators (one radiologist and three orthodontists), who determined the skeletal maturation stage using the references established by each of the three methods. Intraevaluator and interevaluator comparisons were performed, and the degree of agreement was established using the weighted Kappa coefficient (95% CI). Good agreement (Kappa between 0.61 and 0.80) was observed between the determinations of most of the evaluators. The three methods demonstrated clinical applicability. However, the method proposed by Baccetti et al. achieved the best results, followed by the Hassel-Farman and the Seedat-Forsberg methods.

The aim of this study was to compare the mandibular size in boys and girls with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns, taking into consideration the bone maturation stage, as defined by the cervical vertebrae maturation. One hundred and sixty cephalometric radiographs were obtained from subjects (aged between 7 and 12 years) with Class I or Class II skeletal patterns, according to the ANB angle and WITS appraisal. The Class I sample consisted of 80 subjects (40 boys, 40 girls). The Class II sample also consisted of 80 subjects (40 boys, 40 girls). On a cross-sectional basis, mandibular length (Co-Gn) was compared between groups and genders. The between-stages changes were also evaluated, with the cervical vertebrae analysis used for establishing the bone maturation stages at CS2, CS3, CS4 and CS5. The results were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The mandibular length differed between skeletal patterns only at the earlier stages of development. In the Class I pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at stages CS2, CS4 and CS5, whereas in the Class II pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at stages CS2, CS3 and CS4. The present results indicate a sexual dimorphism in the mandibular length at almost all stages of bone maturation, in exception of the CS5 stage in Class II.

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo alertar y orientar al cirujano dentista cuanto a los efectos colaterales de medicamentos antihipertensivos en la boca. Método: Fueron seleccionados 150 pacientes (75 del sexo masculino y 75 del sexo femenino), de la edad entre 17 y 91 años, portadores de hipertensión arterial sistémica del Programa de Control de Hipertensión Arterial de una Unidad Básica de Salud. La hipo salivación fue evaluada a través de examen clínico intraoral y de cuestionario. Resultados: se evidenciaron que más de la mitad de la muestra presentó la boca seca, siendo la mayoría del sexo masculino, cerca de 50% de los pacientes utilizaban más de una droga. Las drogas más utilizadas por el sexo masculino fueron: hidroclorotiazida, nifedipina y metildopa, mientras que en el sexo femenino fueron: hidroclorotiazida, clohidrato de propranolol y metildopa. Conclusión: la secreción salival es influenciada por la acción de drogas antihipertensivas y que el cirujano dentista debe estar preparado para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los efectos colaterales bucales de estas drogas.

La anquilosis de la  A.T.M. es  una patología clasificada conforme el local donde ocurre, el tipo de tejido envuelto y su extensión. El tratamiento debe ser quirúrgico, con remoción del cóndilo e interposición de algún tipo de material autógeno o alo plástico en el espacio formado.

A anquilose da ATM é uma patologia classificada conforme o lugar onde ocorre, tipo de tecido envolvido e sua extensão.O tratamento deve ser cirúrgico com remoção do côndilo e interposição de algum tipo de material autógeno ou aloplástico no espaço formado

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar a existência de diferenças no efetivo da face média (Co-A) entre indivíduos dos gêneros masculino e feminino, leucodermas, apresentando padrões esqueléticos Classe I e Classe II, na faixa etária dos sete aos treze anos, apresentando as mesmas fases de maturação óssea das vértebras cervicais. METODOLOGIA: a amostra foi formada por 160 radiografias cefalométricas laterais de indivíduos sem prévio tratamento ortodôntico ou ortopédico facial. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram não existir diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os indivíduos com padrão esquelético Classe I e padrão esquelético Classe II, nem entre os gêneros masculino e feminino. Apenas a variação da medida Co-A na fase 1 (iniciação) de maturação das vértebras cervicais foi estatisticamente menor do que as demais fases (2 = aceleração, 3 = transição e 4 = desaceleração) nos dois grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: dessa forma, concluímos que tanto indivíduos apresentando padrões esqueléticos Classe I como Classe II, dos gêneros masculino e feminino, apresentaram o comprimento efetivo da face média semelhante, nas fases de maturação óssea das vértebras cervicais estudadas.

AIM: to discover the existence of differences in the maxilla length ( Co-A) among individuals of the male and female genres, leucoderms, presenting skeletal Class I and Class II, in the age group from seven to thirteen years, presenting the same phases of maturation of the cervical vertebraes respectively. METHODS: the sample was formed by 160 radiographics lateral cefalometrics of individuals without previous orthodontic or orthopedic facial treatment. RESULTS: the results showed no statistical significant differences between the individuals with skeletal Class I and Class II, nor among the male and female genres. Just the variation of the Co-A measure in the phase 1 (initiation) of maturation of the cervical vertebraes was statistical smaller than the other phases (2, 3 and 4) in the two studied groups. CONCLUSIONS: with that, we concluded that so much individuals presenting skeletal Class I as Class II, of the male and female genres, they present similar maxilla length, not having influence of the phases of bone maturation of the cervical vertebraes.

A Osteodistrofia Hereditária de Albright é uma desordem metabólica de caráter hereditário, de etiologia autossômica dominante, caracterizada geralmente por baixa estatura, face arredondada, metacarpos e metatarsos pequenos, retardo mental, osteoporose, calcificações subcutâneas, hipocalcemia e hiperfosfatemia variáveis. Neste estudo, relatamos um caso clínico de uma jovem de 17 anos com Osterodistrofia Hereditária de Albright e discutimos as suas características clínicas, radiográficas, laboratoriais e manifestações bucais, relacionando-as com as encontradas na literatura, bem como a conduta odontológica pertinente ao tratamento de doenças periodontais e ao planejamento da correção das más oclusões existentes.

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy is a hereditary metabolic disorder of dominant autosomal etiology that is commonly characterized by short stature, round face, small metacarpus and metatarsus, mental retardation, osteoporosis, subcutaneous calcification, variable hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. In this study, we report a clinical case of a 17-year-old woman with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, and we discuss her clinical, radiographic, and laboratory test characteristics together with the oral manifestations, and we correlate them with the characteristics found in the literature. We also discuss the odontological management of treatment of related periodontal disease and planning for corrections of related malocclusions.