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ABSTRACT Introduction: Colombia has been subject to intense genetic and cultural currents due to its geographical location. Hemoglobinopathies are the most common recessive diseases found worldwide and represent an important public health problem, according to the region and ancestry of each country. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of hemoglobin variants according to the geographical region in a population group adjusted to sex and age in Colombia. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of hemoglobin variants performed by electrophoresis in patients treated at and/or referred to specialized care institutions in Bogota, Colombia between January 2009 and December 2020. Results: A total of 2,224 results were analyzed, 48.4% male and 51.5% female; 63.3% of patients were without alterations, 14.3% presented with thalassemia, 17.3%, HbS, 2.3%, HbS/C, 1.8%, HbC, 0.5%, HbE and 0.5% persistent HbF, with HbS being more prevalent in males (p = 0.005). When assessing the geographical regions of Colombia, a higher prevalence of HbS was found in the Pacific (p = 0.005) and Caribbean regions, while Thalassemia and HbS were more prevalent in the Andean and Orinoquia regions, and it was rare to find any hemoglobinopathies (p = 0.0001) in the Amazonian region. Conclusions: The main hemoglobinopathies found in Colombia are HbS, predominantly in males, and Thalassemia. The distribution of hemoglobinopathies in different geographical regions of Colombia is influenced by ancestry.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.htct.2022.11.012

Tendencias y Desafíos de la Computación de Alto Rendimiento en la Nube
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Parra-González, Ezra F.

; Jaramillo-Avila, Uziel

; Salazar-Linares, Pablo

; Lara-Álvarez, Carlos A.

RISTI - Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação

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mar 2023, N. 49 Pages 131 - 146

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract In recent years, the demand for applications that require High-Performance Computing (HPC) has grown rapidly. These types of applications are traditionally executed on a company's or research center's private infrastructure; however, a different approach can also be used: the cloud. It is important to take advantage of the flexibility that decentralized computing power provides. However, like any other approach, cloud computing faces challenges such as resource management, virtualization, performance issues, etc. In this article, we review related works on HPC in the cloud to identify the main trends and challenges in this area. Finally, we propose a categorization of the identified main trends.

Resumen En los últimos años, la demanda de aplicaciones que requieren Computación de Alto Rendimiento (HPC) ha aumentado considerablemente. Aunque tradicionalmente se ejecutan en infraestructuras privadas, cada vez es más común usar la nube como alternativa, gracias a su flexibilidad. Sin embargo, la computación en la nube también enfrenta desafíos como la gestión de recursos y virtualización, lo que afecta su desempeño. Para abordar estos desafíos, en este artículo se revisan trabajos relacionados con HPC en la nube y se analizan las principales tendencias y desafíos. Finalmente, presentamos una categorización de las tendencias identificadas.

https://doi.org/10.17013/risti.49.131-146

Strategic location for the construction of a graphite trading warehouse in Mexico
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Avila-Soler, E.

; Rodríguez-Alvarado, L. W.

; Loyo-Quijada, J.

; López-Ontiveros, M. Á.

; García-Carranco, S. M.

Journal of applied research and technology

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2023, Volume 21 N. 1 Pages 123 - 132

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: The investigation determined the location to build a graphite commercial warehouse (GCW), derived from the fact that the only place of production of the input is the state of Sonora, the above complicates satisfying the internal and external market of consumers due to the times and the distances. The methodology applied to determine the location for the construction of the warehouse was by means of a macro and micro analysis of location, both contemplate the diagnosis of variables through the methods of critical factors and center of gravity. The results allowed obtaining the order of alternatives for the GCW are Querétaro, followed by San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato, Tamaulipas, Aguascalientes, and Durango. The conclusion is that the GCW must be built in the location of georeferenced coordinates (20 ° 49´40.32 "N, 100 ° 18´32.38" W) or its equivalent (20.827, -100.308), specifically in the municipality of Marquez for have optimal communication channels and be a strategic point for the distribution of the product.

https://doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.1.2184

Collaboration for success: the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer in Latin America
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Vásquez, Liliana

; Fuentes-Alabi, Soad

; Benitez-Majano, Sara

; Ribeiro, Karina Braga

; Abraham, Monnie

; Agulnik, Asya

; Baker, Justin N.

; Blanco, Daniel Bastardo

; Caniza, Miguela A.

; Cardenas-Aguirre, Adolfo

; Salaverria, Carmen

; Sullivan, Courtney E.

; Damasco-Avila, Erika

; García-Quintero, Ximena

; Loggetto, Patricia

; McNeil, Michael J.

; Luna-Fineman, Sandra

; Rossell, Nuria

; Garcia de Lima, Regina Aparecida

; de Mendonca, Regina Holanda

; Trigoso, Viviana

; Segovia, Lorena

; Vasquez, Roberto

; Moreno, Florencia

; Friedrich, Paola

; Luciani, Silvana

; Lam, Catherine

; Metzger, Monika L.

; Rodríguez-Galindo, Carlos

; Maza, Mauricio

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e144

Abstract: Pt Es En | Text: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMO A Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil tem como objetivo aumentar a taxa de cura de crianças com câncer no mundo todo, melhorando o acesso a cuidados e a qualidade da assistência médica. A Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), o St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (St. Jude) e colaboradores uniram esforços para melhorar o desfecho de crianças com câncer na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) no âmbito do marco CureAll. Neste artigo, descrevemos o processo de desenvolvimento de recursos regionais com o objetivo de acelerar a implementação da Iniciativa na ALC. Em março de 2021, a OPAS formou grupos de trabalho regionais para desenvolver projetos centrais alinhados com os pilares e facilitadores do CureAll. A partir das reuniões de diálogo regionais, foram criados sete grupos de trabalho: detecção precoce, enfermagem, atenção psicossocial, nutrição, cuidados de suporte, abandono do tratamento e cuidados paliativos. A OPAS organizou reuniões virtuais regulares sob a orientação e o apoio dos programas regionais e transversais do St. Jude e de mentores internacionais. Entre abril e dezembro de 2021, 202 especialistas multidisciplinares participaram de 43 reuniões virtuais para promover o diálogo entre as partes interessadas a fim de melhorar os desfechos do câncer infantil. Foram produzidos 14 materiais técnicos: quatro panoramas regionais, quatro documentos técnicos, dois cursos virtuais, um conjunto de perfis epidemiológicos nacionais, uma série de conteúdo educacional para pais e cuidadores e duas campanhas de comunicação. O diálogo e o compromisso contínuos da OPAS, do St. Jude, dos comitês de trabalho da ALC e dos colaboradores internacionais são bases essenciais para acelerar com sucesso a implementação da Iniciativa Global para o Câncer Infantil. Isso é possível por meio do desenvolvimento de materiais de relevância regional e mundial. São necessárias mais pesquisas e avaliações para determinar o impacto dessas estratégias e recursos nos resultados do câncer infantil na ALC e em outras regiões.

RESUMEN La Iniciativa Mundial contra el Cáncer Infantil tiene como objetivo aumentar a nivel mundial la tasa de curación del cáncer infantil mediante la mejora del acceso a la atención de salud y de su calidad. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), el St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital y los colaboradores han aunado esfuerzos para mejorar los resultados en la población infantil con cáncer en América Latina y el Caribe valiéndose del marco CureAll. En este artículo describimos el proceso de elaboración de recursos regionales destinados a acelerar la aplicación de la Iniciativa Mundial en América Latina y el Caribe. En marzo del 2021, la OPS formó grupos de trabajo regionales para elaborar proyectos básicos que estuvieran en consonancia con los pilares y los elementos facilitadores del CureAll. De los diálogos regionales surgieron siete grupos de trabajo: detección temprana, enfermería, aspectos psicosociales, nutrición, tratamientos de apoyo, abandono del tratamiento y cuidados paliativos. La OPS organizó con regularidad reuniones virtuales en las que se contó con la tutoría y el apoyo de programas regionales o transversales del St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital y de mentores internacionales. Entre abril y diciembre del 2021 hubo 43 reuniones virtuales a las que asistieron 202 expertos multidisciplinarios, con el objetivo de promover el diálogo entre las partes interesadas para mejorar los resultados en materia de cáncer infantil. Se elaboraron catorce productos técnicos: cuatro panoramas regionales, cuatro documentos técnicos, dos cursos virtuales, un conjunto de perfiles epidemiológicos de países, una serie con contenidos educativos para padres y cuidadores y dos campañas de comunicación. El diálogo y el compromiso constantes de la OPS, el St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, los comités de trabajo de América Latina y el Caribe y los colaboradores internacionales son las bases fundamentales para conseguir que se acelere la aplicación de la Iniciativa Mundial. Esto se puede lograr mediante la elaboración de materiales que resulten pertinentes a nivel regional y mundial. Son necesarias más investigaciones y evaluaciones para determinar el impacto que tienen estas estrategias y recursos en los resultados que se obtienen en el cáncer infantil en América Latina y el Caribe y en otras subregiones.

ABSTRACT The Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) aims to increase the cure rate for children with cancer globally by improving healthcare access and quality. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (St. Jude), and collaborators have joined efforts to improve outcomes of children with cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the CureAll framework. In this article, we describe the process of developing regional resources aimed at accelerating the GICC implementation in LAC. In March 2021, PAHO formed regional working groups to develop core projects aligned with CureAll pillars and enablers. Seven working groups emerged from regional dialogues: early detection, nursing, psychosocial, nutrition, supportive care, treatment abandonment, and palliative care. PAHO arranged regular online meetings under the mentorship and support of St. Jude regional/transversal programs and international mentors. Between April and December 2021, 202 multidisciplinary experts attended 43 online meetings to promote the dialogue between stakeholders to improve childhood cancer outcomes. Fourteen technical outputs were produced: four regional snapshots, four technical documents, two virtual courses, one set of epidemiological country profiles, one educational content series for parents/caregivers, and two communication campaigns. The ongoing dialogue and commitment of PAHO, St. Jude, LAC working committees, and international collaborators are essential foundations to successfully accelerate GICC implementation. This is achievable through the development of materials of regional and global relevance. Further research and evaluation are needed to determine the impact of these strategies and resources on childhood cancer outcomes in LAC and other regions.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2023.144

Mineralization of S-metolachlor in soil as affected by moisture content, application history, and association with glyphosate
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Avila, Luis A. de

; Zemolin, Carla R.

; Massey, Joseph H.

; Camargo, Edinalvo R.

; Files, Maurício C.

; Cassol, Guilherme V.

Advances in Weed Science

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2023, Volume 41 elocation e0202320033

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Herbicide mineralization in the soil is affected by several factors, including the herbicide application history of the soil, soil moisture, and whether the herbicide is co-applied with another herbicide. The objective of this work was to evaluate S-metolachlor mineralization in the soil as affected by soil moisture content, history of herbicide application, and association with glyphosate. 14C-S-metolachlor mineralization increased with increasing soil moisture content. The average cumulative mineralization of S-metolachlor at 63 days of incubation was 0.03, 0.80, and 1.80% in air-dried, field capacity, and saturated soil, respectively. The mineralization rate of S-metolachlor was greater under saturated conditions and affected by the association with glyphosate. Greater mineralization of S-metolachlor occurred in cornfield soil with a history of S-metolachlor application. The average cumulative mineralization was 0.24% in cornfield and 0.89% in non-cultivated area. We can conclude that the higher the soil moisture content the higher S-metolachlor mineralization and that the mixture of this herbicide with glyphosate increased its degradation compared to the application of the herbicide alone. While there is evidence suggesting enhanced degradation of S-metolachlor in soil previously subjected to corn cultivation and S-metolachlor application, drawing a definitive conclusion is challenging due to the influence of sorption observed in our dataset.

https://doi.org/10.51694/advweedsci/2023;41:00014

Estratégias Percutâneas em Doenças Estruturais: Foco em Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica Estruturais
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Filippini, Filippe Barcellos

; Ribeiro, Henrique Barbosa

; Bocchi, Edimar

; Bacal, Fernando

; Marcondes-Braga, Fabiana G.

; Avila, Monica S.

; Sturmer, Janine Daiana

; Marchi, Mauricio Felippi de Sá

; Kanhouche, Gabriel

; Freire, Antônio Fernando

; Cassar, Renata

; Abizaid, Alexandre A.

; Brito Jr, Fábio Sândoli de

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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2023, Volume 120 N. 11 elocation e20220496

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As inovações em dispositivos ao longo das últimas décadas proporcionaram uma melhora no diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Essas novas ferramentas progressivamente adaptaram-se a estratégias minimamente invasivas e as opções percutâneas multiplicaram-se de forma rápida. No presente artigo revisamos as direções atuais e futuras dos dispositivos utilizados como opções adjuvantes para o diagnóstico e tratamento adjuvante na insuficiência cardíaca crônica, o seu desenvolvimento, mecanismos e estudos mais recentes adaptaramse adaptaram se multiplicaramse multiplicaram rápida crônica desenvolvimento

Abstract Innovations in devices during the last decade contributed to enhanced diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiac insufficiency. These tools progressively adapted to minimally invasive strategies with rapid, widespread use. The present article focuses on actual and future directions of device-related diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure. insufficiency rapid use devicerelated device related failure

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220496

Efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Bortoncello, Cristiane F.

; Cardoso, Nicolas de Oliveira

; Salvador, Eduarda Z.

; de Avila, Richard C.

; Machado, Wagner de L.

; Ferrão, Ygor A.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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aug 2022, Volume 44 N. 4 Pages 449 - 460

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) for the treatment of adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: This review was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42020158475. Five databases (PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO) were searched. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 studies were analyzed in the qualitative synthesis (i.e., systematic review) and eight in the quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis). For the latter, fixed-effect modeling was used to assess the primary outcome (i.e., OCD symptoms). Results: The main findings suggest that GCBT is effective in reducing the symptoms of OCD in adolescents (d = -1.32). However, these results must be interpreted with caution, since all of the included studies showed some bias in their design. Conclusions: GCBT is effective in reducing OCD symptoms in adolescents.

https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2021-2264

Abordaje preventivo en la enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico
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López-Almada, Gabriela

; Domínguez-Avila, J. Abraham

; González-Aguilar, Gustavo A.

; Mejía-León, Maria Esther

; Salazar López, Norma J.

Epistemus (Sonora)

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jun 2022, Volume 16 N. 32 elocation 11

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Obesity is currently a worldwide public health problem. It is characterized by its negative impact on multiple organs, including the liver, through the development of diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review discusses the association between obesity and the development of NAFLD, emphasizing on the importance of a preventive and interventional approach during the early stages of the disease, as well as the potential effect of some dietary bioactive compounds. In this regard, it is advisable to focus the intervention on improving BMI, through a program of physical activity, nutritional and health education, and changes in dietary patterns. The inclusion of foods rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, fiber and vitamins can provide an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesogenic effect that could hinder the progression of NAFLD and other comorbidities and complication.

RESUMEN La obesidad es actualmente un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Ésta se caracteriza por afectar a múltiples órganos, entre ellos el hígado, desarrollándose enfermedades como la enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA), la cual predispone al desarrollo de carcinoma hepatocelular. En esta revisión se discute la asociación entre la obesidad y la EHGNA, enfatizando un abordaje preventivo y de intervención en etapas tempranas de la enfermedad, así como los potenciales efectos de algunos compuestos bioactivos presentes en la dieta. Al respecto es recomendable centrar la intervención en mejorar el IMC, a través de un programa de actividad física, educación nutricional y de salud, y cambios en los patrones dietéticos. La inclusión de alimentos ricos en compuestos bioactivos, como los compuestos fenólicos, fibra y vitaminas pueden proveer de un efecto antioxidante, antiinflamatorio y anti-obesogénico que podrían obstaculizar la progresión de la EHGNA, y otras comorbilidades y complicaciones.

https://doi.org/10.36790/epistemus.v16i32.185 69 downloads

Imidazolinone herbicide dissipation in rice fields as affected by intermittent and continuous irrigation
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Junkes, Gustavo V.

; Avila, Luis A.

; Kemmerich, Magali

; Gehrke, Vinicios R.

; Fipke, Marcus V.

; Camargo, Edinalvo R.

Advances in Weed Science

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2022, Volume 40 elocation e020220094

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Clearfield® (CL) rice is one of the most successful tools for selective weedy rice control, using imidazolinone herbicides (IMI). However, IMI have residual soil activity and may carryover to non-tolerant crops growing in succession. It is necessary to find options to reduce IMI persistence in paddy rice fields. Objective: Evaluate the effect of water management on IMI dissipation in rice paddy and its carryover to soybean and non-CL rice. Methods: The herbicide mixture of imazapyr and imazapic totalizing 147 g a.i. ha−1 and 49 g a.i. ha−1, respectively, was applied half in preemergence (S3 stage – rice spike stage) and the other half in postemergence (V3-V4 rice stage). After herbicide application, a total of 21 samples were taken for analysis of residues. Soil samples were air dried and herbicides residues were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results: Calculated field dissipation half-life (DT½) of imazapyr was 182.5 and 42.0 days in continuous flooding and intermittent water management, respectively. Imazapic had a DT½ of 96.3 days on intermittent water management. No adjustment for the dissipation regression parameters was obtained for imazapic in continuous water management. No reduction in yield components was observed in soybean when grown in soil with imidazolinone residues. On the other hand, non-CL rice showed decreased shoot dry weight and stem number. Conclusion: Imidazolinone herbicides have a longer half-life under continuous rice water management than intermittent. Therefore, growers can use intermittent irrigation in ares prone to IMI carryover and can use soybean in rotation.

https://doi.org/10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00006

10.

RNAi as a tool for weed management: challenges and opportunities
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Zabala-Pardo, Diana

; Gaines, Todd

; Lamego, Fabiane P

; Avila, Luis A.

Advances in Weed Science

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2022, Volume 40 N. spe1 elocation e020220096

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) is a next-generation technology for weed management. Weeds would be sprayed with small RNAs (sRNAs) capable of inducing gene silencing (referred to as spray-induced gene silencing, SIGS) without involving the use of transgenes, reaching traditional targets in chemical control, targets that are not today more sensitive to herbicides and even new targets. Here we present the main challenges and opportunities for using SIGS as a practical tool for weed management. The development of SIGS in weed science has been slower compared to other crop protection areas such as entomology and plant pathology due to the difficulty of obtaining stable molecules that easily enter the plant, without off-target risks to crops, and that in small amounts guarantee systemic silencing with effectiveness. To overcome the challenges, it is necessary to achieve the synthesis of sRNAs on a large scale, making the field application practical and economical, develop formulations that protect sRNAs inside and outside the plant, and substantially increase the genomic and transcriptomic information available for weeds. Once these barriers have been overcome, SIGS technology could be similarly used in the field as herbicides are used today, spraying directly on the crop and selectively controlling weeds. This will provide a new tool for weed management, herbicide resistance management, and potentially exploration of new plant enzyme targets never before achieved by chemical control.

https://doi.org/10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:seventy-five006

11.

Transgenerational memory of drought stress and low rates of glyphosate reduce the sensitivity of Eragrostis plana to the herbicide
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Fipke, Marcus V.

; Balbinot, Andrisa

; Viana, Vívian E.

; Gehrke, Vinicios R.

; Kemmerich, Magali

; Dayan, Franck E.

; Souza, Gustavo M.

; Camargo, Edinalvo R.

; Avila, Luis A.

Advances in Weed Science

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2022, Volume 40 elocation e020220039

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Eragrostis plana is the main invasive plant in the Pampa Biome of southern Brazil. This plant is highly competitive, tolerant to abiotic stresses, and very difficult to manage. Plants exposed to abiotic stresses and herbicides develop mechanisms that help alleviate or reduce damage caused by stressors and transmit this ability to the progenies. Objective The study’s objectives were to ascertain whether acclimatization to stress due to drought and sub-lethal doses of glyphosate may decrease plant sensitivity to glyphosate and investigate the possible memory mechanisms involved in this process. Methods A population of E. plana was submitted to drought, glyphosate, or a combination of drought plus glyphosate for two generations. The progenies were analyzed for sensitivity to the herbicide glyphosate and for biochemical, metabolites, and molecular responses. Results When testing sensitivity to glyphosate in the G 2 generations, the DRYxGLY (plants stressed with drought plus glyphosate) was the least sensitive (ED50 443.0 g a.e. ha-1), while CHK (without stresses) was the most sensitive (ED50 278.0 g a.e. ha-1). Evaluating the effects of glyphosate, the CHK population showed a greater accumulation of oxidative damage and shikimic acid. While DRYxGLY had greater antioxidant activity and higher expressions of the EPSPS and ABC-carrier MRP10 genes. Conclusions Recurrent selection with drought stress and sub-lethal rate of glyphosate (DRYxGLY) showed reduced sensitivity to glyphosate in the second generation ( G 2 ). The conjunction of factors, including the upregulation of EPSPS and the ABC MRP10 transporter, antioxidant enzymes seem to decrease the sensitivity of the DRYxGLY population to glyphosate.

https://doi.org/10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00016

12.

Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice
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Terto, W. D. S.

; Moura, M. Q. de

; Borchardt, J. L.

; Santos, F. D. S.

; Avila, L. F. da Costa

; Pinheiro, N. B.

; Leite, F. P. Leivas

; Villela, M. M.

; Berne, M. E. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e260199

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A toxocaríase é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial. A conexão entre doenças parasitárias e condições que deprimem o sistema imunológico, como o uso de drogas imunossupressoras, tem sido estudada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da Ciclosporina A (CsA) na intensidade da infecção, resposta humoral e transcrição gênica das interleucinas IL-4, IL-10 e IL-12 em camundongos experimentalmente infectados com Toxocara canis. Para tanto, os camundongos foram divididos em dois grupos tratados com CsA (G1: 10 mg/Kg e G2: 50 mg/kg), os grupos G3 e G4 receberam PBS. Após a última administração da droga ou PBS (via oral a cada 48 horas por 15 dias), os grupos G1, G2 e G3 foram inoculados com 1200 ovos de T. canis. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue nos dias zero, 15 e 30 dias pós-inoculação (PI), para teste de ELISA e os camundongos foram eutanasiados 30 dias PI. Os órgãos e tecido muscular estriado foram coletados para a recuperação das larvas. Os esplenócitos foram analisados por RT-PCR. A intensidade da infecção nos camundongos tratados com 50 mg/kg de CsA foi 65,5% maior do que no grupo controle (p=0,001). Uma análise da cinética do anticorpo anti-Toxocara revelou que os grupos tratados com CsA apresentaram níveis médios de anticorpos significativamente maiores no dia 15 PI. A transcrição das três interleucinas testadas não apresentou diferença estatística entre G2 e G3 (controle). Concluiu-se que a imunossupressão desencadeada pela CsA (50 mg/Kg) favoreceu o estabelecimento de um maior número de larvas de T. canis sem, no entanto, alterar a produção de imunoglobulinas e a transcrição de IL-4, IL-10 e IL-12 no dia 30 PI.

Abstract Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. The connection between parasitic diseases and conditions that depress the immune system, such as the use of immunosuppressive drugs, has been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cyclosporine A (CsA) on the intensity of infection, humoral response and gene transcription of interleukins IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 in mice experimentally infected with Toxocara canis. To this end, mice were divided into two groups treated with CsA (G1: 10 mg/Kg and G2: 50 mg/kg), the G3 and G4 group received PBS. After the last administration of the drug or PBS (orally every 48 hours for 15 days), groups G1, G2 and G3 were inoculated with 1200 eggs of T. canis. Was collected blood samples on days zero, 15 and 30 days post-inoculation (PI), for ELISA test and the mice were euthanized 30 days PI. The organs and striated muscle tissue were collected for the recovery of larvae. The splenocytes were analyzed by RT-PCR. The intensity of infection in the mice treated with 50 mg/kg of CsA was 65.5% higher than in the control group (p=0.001). An analysis of the kinetics of anti-Toxocara antibody revealed that the groups treated with CsA showed significantly higher mean levels of antibodies on day 15 PI. The transcription of the three tested interleukins showed no statistical difference between G2 and G3 (control). It was concluded that the immunosuppression triggered by CsA (50 mg/Kg) favored the establishment of a larger number of T. canis larvae without, however, altering immunoglobulin production and IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 transcription on day 30 PI.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.260199

13.

Avaliação da compatibilidade de formulações de borracha nitrílica com fluidos isolantes (OMI e ENI) usados em transformadores de potência
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Avila, Mauro Cesar de

; Munaro, Ana Paula

; Munaro, Marilda

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2022, Volume 27 N. 2 elocation e13215

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Power transformers are essential equipment in the electric energy generation and distribution processes and are usually chosen with paper and insulating fluids. Insulating fluids have a dual function of insulation and heat exchange. Proper sealing of this equipment is essential to prevent leaks of the insulating fluid, which can cause a reduction in the life of the transformer, as well as environmental problems. Different compositions were formulated in nitrile rubber (NBR) compatible with those used as seals in power transformers, with different acrylonitrile contents (35 and 44%) and dicumyl peroxide (6.0 / 8.0 and 10.0 phr). The aging tests were conducted systematically under three conditions: insulating mineral oil (IMO), insulating natural ester (INE) soy and corn, traditionally used as insulating fluid in power transformers. The effects of the thermal aging of nitrile rubber on IMO and ENI, as well as the effects of the cross-linking content of the chains were studied using characterization methods such as oscillating disk rheometry, swelling, variation in mass, volume and Shore A hardness. The density of crosslinks and the average molar mass between the links were also determined by the Flory-Rehner theory. Changes in physical properties during the aging process were analyzed and compared. It was possible to observe a different behavior in the sealing elastomers when aged in IMO and ENI influenced by the crosslinks and acrylonitrile contents in the samples.

RESUMO Os transformadores de potência são equipamentos essenciais nos processos de geração e distribuição de energia elétrica, e são, normalmente, isolados com papel e fluidos isolantes. Os fluidos isolantes têm dupla função: isolamento elétrico do sistema refrigeração por troca térmica. A vedação adequada desse equipamento é fundamental para que não ocorra vazamento do fluido isolante, que pode causar redução do tempo de vida útil do transformador, bem como problemas ambientais. Neste artigo são apresentados resultados obtidos para formulações de borracha nitrílica (NBR) preparadas com diferentes concentrações de peróxido de dicumila 40% em Carbonato de cálcio (6,0/ 8,0 e 10,0 phr) e teores de acrilonitrila (35 e 44%). Os ensaios de envelhecimento foram conduzidos sistematicamente sob três condições: óleo mineral isolante (OMI), éster natural isolante (ENI) soja e milho, tradicionalmente empregados como fluido isolante nos transformadores de potência. Os efeitos do envelhecimento térmico da NBR em OMI e ENI, bem como os efeitos na formação das ligações cruzadas das cadeias foram estudados usando métodos de caracterização como reometria de disco oscilatório, inchamento em solvente, variação de massa, volume e dureza Shore A. Também foi determinada a densidade de ligações cruzadas e a massa molar média entre as ligações pela teoria de Flory-Rehner. Foi possível observar um comportamento diferente nos elastômeros de vedação quando envelhecidas em OMI e ENI influenciado pelo teor de ligações cruzadas e de acrilonitrila das amostras.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620220002.1315

14.

Herbicide mixtures: interactions and modeling mixtures
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Barbieri, Geovana F.

; Young, Bryan G.

; Dayan, Franck E.

; Streibig, Jens C.

; Takano, Hudson K.

; Merotto Jr., Aldo

; Avila, Luis A.

Advances in Weed Science

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2022, Volume 40 N. spe1 elocation e020220051

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Mixing herbicides is a common practice in agriculture, to optimize farm management practices, widen the weed control spectrum, enhance application efficiency, and manage herbicide resistance. Interactions between herbicides can occur within the spray tank, on the leaf surface, and/or inside the plant, resulting in physicochemical and physiological interactions. Additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects can result from these interactions. Given the range in plant response and the potential for negative and positive outcomes for weed management, predicting herbicide interactions before using mixtures would be of great value. Therefore, the physiological responses in the literature can help to ensure efficient weed control and avoid unwanted effects in the field. This review compiles information on physiological and physicochemical interactions between herbicides, addressing the most known cases of synergism, antagonism, and additivity, as well as their physiological bases, and the methods for evaluating herbicide interactions. Reference models for herbicide interactions have been reported and they usually interfere interpretation of the mixture effect. Antagonistic interactions can increase the evolution of weed resistance by favoring the survival of individuals exposed to the herbicide. Physicochemical incompatibility in the spray tank usually causes herbicide antagonism, whereas both synergism and antagonism can result from increased or decreased uptake/translocation and from physiological changes in the plant. agriculture practices spectrum efficiency surface andor Additive synergistic value Therefore field additivity bases effect uptaketranslocation uptake translocation

https://doi.org/10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:seventy-five011

15.

Patrón de distribución de severidad de fluorosis: ¿qué nos dice sobre exposición local a fluoruros?
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Castiblanco, Gina A.

; Silva-Hermida, Blanca Cecilia

; Opazo G, Mario

; González-Carrera, María Clara

; Avila, Viviana

; Gamboa, Luis Fernando

; Marín, Lina María

; Úsuga-Vacca, Margarita

; Cortés, Andrea

; Cortés Muñoz, Fabián

; Ruiz-Carrizosa, Jaime Alberto

; Martignon, Stefania

CES Odontología

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dec 2021, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 15 - 29

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: la severidad de la fluorosis dental refleja exposición a fluoruros durante el desarrollo del esmalte. Recientemente se han reportado asociaciones entre la exposición prenatal y postnatal a fluoruros y efectos negativos en el neurodesarrollo. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y comparar la severidad y el patrón de distribución de la fluorosis en las denticiones primaria y permanente, como base para discutir la temporalidad de la exposición en niños viviendo en áreas endémicas en el departamento del Huila. Materiales y métodos: odontólogos entrenados diagnosticaron fluorosis en 840 niños (preescolares y escolares) de cuatro municipios usando el índice de Thylstrup & Fejerskov. Para estimar la prevalencia de las diferentes severidades, cada niño se clasifico de acuerdo con la severidad más alta en boca. La distribución de la prevalencia de severidades por grupo etario y tipo de dentición se reportan como tasas de prevalencia (%). Resultados: la prevalencia en preescolares y escolares fue de 97.2% y 99.9%, respectivamente y la fluorosis moderada la más prevalente (75.6% y 63.5%, respectivamente). En ambas denticiones, la fluorosis leve fue más prevalente en los dientes anteriores que en posteriores. Las severidades moderada y severa tuvieron mayor prevalencia en dientes posteriores que en anteriores. Conclusiones: el patrón de distribución de la severidad de la fluorosis sugiere exposición prenatal y postnatal a fluoruros, por encima de los niveles recomendados. Este estudio resalta la importancia de la alidación de la fluorosis del dental como un potencial biomarcador histórico de exposición a luoruros en momentos críticos para el neurodesarrollo.

Abstract Introduction and objective: dental fluorosis severity reflects fluoride exposure during dental enamel development. Recently, prenatal and postnatal exposure to fluoride has been associated with negative neurodevelopmental outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the severity and distribution pattern of dental fluorosis in the primary and permanent dentition, as a basis to discuss the timing and extent of fluoride exposure of children living in endemic areas of fluorosis in the department of Huila. Materials and methods: 840 children (preschoolers and schoolchildren) from four municipalities of the Huila Department were examined by trained dentists for dental fluorosis using the Thylstrup & Fejerskov Index. To estimate the prevalence of severities of fluorosis, each child was classified according to the most severe score. The distribution of the prevalence of enamel fluorosis severity by age-group and type of dentition were reported as prevalence rates (%). Results: Prevalence of dental fluorosis in preschoolers was of 97.2% and in schoolers of 99.9%. For both preschoolers and schoolers moderate fluorosis was the most prevalent (75.6% and 63.5%, respectively). For both primary and permanent teeth, mild fluorosis was more prevalent in anterior teeth than in posterior teeth. Moderate and severe fluorosis were more prevalent in posterior teeth than in anterior teeth. Conclusions: the distribution pattern of the severity of dental fluorosis suggests both prenatal and postnatal exposure to fluoride above recommended levels. This study raises the importance of the validation of dental fluorosis as a potential historical biomarker of fluoride exposure at moments that are critical for neurodevelopment.

Resumo Introdução e objetivo: a severidade da fluorose dentária reflete a exposição a fluoretos durante o desenvolvimento do esmalte. Recentemente, associações entre a exposição pré-natal e pós-natal ao fluoretos e efeitos negativos no desenvolvimento neurológico foram relatadas. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever e comparar o padrão de severidade e distribuição da fluorose na dentição decídua e permanente, como intuito para a discussão sobre a temporalidade da exposição em crianças moradoras em áreas endêmicas de fluorose no departamento de Huila, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Cirurgiões-dentistas treinados diagnosticaram fluorose em 840 crianças (pré-escolares e escolares) de quatro municípios, utilizando o índice de Thylstrup & Fejerskov. Para estimar a prevalência dos diferentes estágios de severidade, cada criança foi classificada de acordo com o escore mais severo da boca. A distribuição da prevalência de fluorose nos diferentes estágios de severidade por faixa etária e tipo de dentição é apresentada como taxa de prevalência (%). Resultados: a prevalência de fluorose em pré-escolares foi de 97,2% e em escolares de 99,9%. Fluorose moderada foi a mais prevalente (75,6% e 63,5%, respectivamente). Em ambas as dentições, a fluorose leve foi mais prevalente nos dentes anteriores do que nos posteriores. Porém, tanto fluorose moderada como severa foram mais prevalentes nos dentes posteriores do que nos anteriores. Conclusões: o padrão de distribuição da severidade da fluorose sugere uma exposição pré- e pós-natal a fluoretos acima de níveis recomendados. Este estudo salienta a importância da validação da fluorose dentária como um potencial biomarcador histórico da exposição ao fluoretos durante momentos críticos para o neurodesenvolvimento.

https://doi.org/10.21615/cesodon.5615 61 downloads

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