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Abstract This work aimed to identify ecophysiological and biochemical indicators to characterize tomato genotypes tolerant to salt stress. Four varieties (Amalia, Vyta, Campbell-28 and Claudia) were studied under semi-controlled conditions, a salinized medium based on NaCl at electrical conductivity (EC) of 6 dS m-1 with their respective control at EC=0.36 dS m-1. Proline content, glycine betaine, total soluble proteins, chlorophyll and carotenoids, water potential in leaves and roots, leaf osmotic potential and osmotic adjustment (AO) were the evaluated variables. A principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to determine the indicators that most contribute to salinity tolerance variability. There was a significant variability response in the evaluated indicators between the saline medium and the control medium. Proline increased between 3 and 9 mg g-1 mf in roots and between 8 and 23 mg g-1 mf in leaves, demonstrating the ability to osmoregulation in function of organic solutes. The Amalia and Vyta varieties presented the highest increases in glycine betaine (18 mg g-1 ms). All the varieties reduced their water potential under salinity conditions to values lower than -0.9 MPa, consequently there was a significant OA among the varieties, with Vita and Amalia being the ones with the highest OA. Starting from the PCA analysis, it was found that the variables root and leaf water potential, osmotic potential, osmotic adjustment and proline content were the ones with the greatest contribution to the total variability found among varieties. Vyta and Amalia were tolerant varieties while Claudia and Campbell-28 classified as susceptible.

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos para caracterizar genotipos de tomate tolerantes al estrés salino. Se estudiaron cuatro variedades (Amalia, Vyta, Campbell-28 y Claudia) en condiciones semicontroladas, un medio salinizado a base de NaCl a conductividad eléctrica (CE) de 6 dS m-1 con su respectivo control a CE=0.36 dS m-1. Se evaluaron indicadores: contenido de prolina, glicina betaína, proteínas solubles totales, clorofila a y carotenoides, potencial hídrico en hojas y raíces, potencial osmótico foliar y ajuste osmótico (AO). Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) para determinar los indicadores que más contribuyen a la tolerancia a la salinidad. Existió variabilidad de respuesta en los indicadores evaluados entre el medio salino y el medio control. La prolina se incrementó entre 3 y 9 mf g-1 ms en raíces y entre 8 y 23 mg g-1 mf en hojas, demostrando la capacidad de osmorregular en función de solutos orgánicos. Las variedades Amalia y Vyta presentaron los mayores incrementos de glicina betaína (18 mg g-1 ms). Todas las variedades redujeron su potencial hídrico en condiciones de salinidad a valores menores de -0.9 MPa, en consecuencia existió un AO significativo entre las variedades, siendo Vyta y Amalia las de mayor AO. Partiendo del ACP se encontró que las variables potencial hídrico radicular y foliar, potencial osmótico, ajuste osmótico y el contenido de prolina fueron las de mayor contribución a la variabilidad total encontrada entre variedades. Vyta y Amalia resultaron las tolerantes mientras que Claudia y Campbell-28 clasificaron como susceptibles.

Mineralization of S-metolachlor in soil as affected by moisture content, application history, and association with glyphosate
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Avila, Luis A. de

; Zemolin, Carla R.

; Massey, Joseph H.

; Camargo, Edinalvo R.

; Files, Maurício C.

; Cassol, Guilherme V.

Advances in Weed Science

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2023, Volume 41 elocation e0202320033

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Herbicide mineralization in the soil is affected by several factors, including the herbicide application history of the soil, soil moisture, and whether the herbicide is co-applied with another herbicide. The objective of this work was to evaluate S-metolachlor mineralization in the soil as affected by soil moisture content, history of herbicide application, and association with glyphosate. 14C-S-metolachlor mineralization increased with increasing soil moisture content. The average cumulative mineralization of S-metolachlor at 63 days of incubation was 0.03, 0.80, and 1.80% in air-dried, field capacity, and saturated soil, respectively. The mineralization rate of S-metolachlor was greater under saturated conditions and affected by the association with glyphosate. Greater mineralization of S-metolachlor occurred in cornfield soil with a history of S-metolachlor application. The average cumulative mineralization was 0.24% in cornfield and 0.89% in non-cultivated area. We can conclude that the higher the soil moisture content the higher S-metolachlor mineralization and that the mixture of this herbicide with glyphosate increased its degradation compared to the application of the herbicide alone. While there is evidence suggesting enhanced degradation of S-metolachlor in soil previously subjected to corn cultivation and S-metolachlor application, drawing a definitive conclusion is challenging due to the influence of sorption observed in our dataset.

https://doi.org/10.51694/advweedsci/2023;41:00014

Declaración SLIPE: Aumento de la cobertura antipoliomielítica con vacunas más seguras: una urgencia inaplazable en Latinoamérica
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Falleiros-Arlant, Luiza H.

; Avila-Agüero, María L.

; Castillo, José Brea-del

; Gentile, Angela

; Torres, Jaime R.

; Roberto, Debbag

Revista chilena de infectología

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oct 2022, Volume 39 N. 5 Pages 604 - 613

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Given the actual risk of poliomyelitis outbreaks in the region due to poliovirus derived from the Sabin vaccine or the importation of wild poliovirus, the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases commissioned an ad hoc group of experts from the institution's Vaccines and Biologicals Committee, to draft an official position paper on the urgent need to increase immunization levels against the disease in the region and incorporate inactivated polio vaccine exclusive schedules in all national immunization programs. This publication discusses the main conclusions and recommendations generated as a result of such activity.

Resumen Ante el riesgo real de ocurrencia de brotes de parálisis fláccida aguda en la región debidos a poliovirus derivado de la vacuna Sabin o a la importación de poliovirus salvaje, la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica comisionó a un grupo ad hoc de expertos integrantes del Comité de Vacunas y Biológicos de la institución, para redactar un documento oficial de posición sobre la necesidad imperiosa de incrementar los niveles de inmunización contra la enfermedad en la región e incorporar definitivamente en forma exclusiva la vacuna de polio inactivada en todos los esquemas nacionales de vacunación. La presente publicación discute las principales conclusiones y recomendaciones generadas como resultado de esta actividad.

ProGas v1.1: Program for the preprocessing and data analysis of in vitro gas production of ruminant foods.
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García Avila, Yaneilys

; Torres Martínez, Mildrey

; Rodríguez Hernández, R.

Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science

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jun 2022, Volume 56 N. 2 elocation e04

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT ProGas v1.1 was developed to support researchers in the preprocessing and data analysis of in vitro gas production of ruminant foods. For the implementation of this program, Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was used. The conversion of data to volume (mL g-1 incOM) was carried out with an established equation. The duration of the gas production phases was estimated by means of the average variation rates and the critical points. A total of six sheets were designed in the program: general, enter pressures, accumulated volume, critical points, graphs and help. It is concluded that the proposed program allowed preparing the experimental data for its subsequent modeling. In addition, the methodology that was applied to estimate the critical points did not require a mathematical model to calculate the duration of the in vitro gas production phases, which facilitated the description of the degradation kinetics of the evaluated foods.

RESUMEN ProGas v1.1 se desarrolló para apoyar a los investigadores en el preprocesamiento y análisis de datos de la producción de gas in vitro de alimentos para rumiantes. Para la implementación de este programa se utilizó Microsoft Office Excel 2007. La conversión de los datos a volumen (mL g-1 MOinc) se realizó con una ecuación establecida. La duración de las fases de producción de gas se estimó mediante las tasas de variación medias y los puntos críticos. Se diseñaron seis hojas en el programa: general, entrar presiones, volumen acumulado, puntos críticos, gráficas y ayuda. Se concluye que el programa propuesto permitió preparar los datos experimentales para su posterior modelación. Además, la metodología que se aplicó para estimar los puntos críticos no necesitó un modelo matemático para calcular la duración de las fases de la producción de gas in vitro, lo que facilitó la descripción de la cinética de degradación de los alimentos evaluados.

Evaluation of non-linear and mixed non-linear models to describe in vitro gas production kinetics of ruminant feeds
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García Avila, Yaneilys

; Herrera Villafranca, Magaly

; Rodríguez Hernández, R.

; Ontivero Vasallo, Yadiana

Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science

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mar 2022, Volume 56 N. 1 elocation e04

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The performance of non-linear and mixed non-linear models was evaluated in the description of in vitro gas production kinetics of ruminant feeds. For this, the logistic, Gompertz and Groot models were used. The analyzes included the addition of random effects to the asymptotic parameter of each model, since this parameter was the one that varied the most among the incubation bottles. Each random effect was associated with a probable source of variability in the experiment. The parameters were estimated with the NLMIXED proc of SAS program. For the selection of the best fit model, the R2aj, σ2, AIC and BIC were considered. In addition, compliance with the basic assumptions for the residuals and the relationship among mathematical fit, simplicity and biological interpretation of the parameters were assessed. It is concluded that the non-linear mixed models allowed to obtain better R2aj, BIC and σ2. The random effects had no significant effect on the fulfillment of the assumptions of autocorrelation and randomness of residuals. The random effect bottle over time allowed to determine the times in which there was a lack of fit. Despite the limitations of the analyzed models, the logistic, without the inclusion of the random effect, was the most appropriate according to the parsimony criterion.

Resumen Se evaluó el comportamiento de modelos no lineales y no lineales mixtos en la descripción de la cinética de producción de gas in vitro de alimentos para rumiantes. Para ello se utilizaron los modelos logístico, Gompertz y Groot. Los análisis incluyeron la adición de efectos aleatorios al parámetro asintótico de cada modelo, pues dicho parámetro fue el que más varió entre las botellas de incubación. Cada efecto aleatorio se asoció con una fuente probable de variabilidad del experimento. Los parámetros se estimaron con el proc NLMIXED del programa SAS. Para la selección del modelo de mejor ajuste, se tuvo en cuenta el R2aj, σ2, AIC y BIC. Además, se valoró el cumplimiento de los supuestos básicos para los residuos y la relación entre ajuste matemático, simplicidad e interpretación biológica de los parámetros. Se concluye que los modelos no lineales mixtos permitieron obtener mejores R2aj, BIC y σ2. Los efectos aleatorios no tuvieron efecto considerable en el cumplimiento de los supuestos de autocorrelación y aleatoriedad de los residuos. El efecto aleatorio botella en el tiempo permitió determinar los horarios en los que hubo falta de ajuste. A pesar de las limitaciones de los modelos analizados, el logístico, sin la incorporación del efecto aleatorio, fue el más adecuado según criterio de parsimonia.

Imidazolinone herbicide dissipation in rice fields as affected by intermittent and continuous irrigation
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Junkes, Gustavo V.

; Avila, Luis A.

; Kemmerich, Magali

; Gehrke, Vinicios R.

; Fipke, Marcus V.

; Camargo, Edinalvo R.

Advances in Weed Science

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2022, Volume 40 elocation e020220094

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Clearfield® (CL) rice is one of the most successful tools for selective weedy rice control, using imidazolinone herbicides (IMI). However, IMI have residual soil activity and may carryover to non-tolerant crops growing in succession. It is necessary to find options to reduce IMI persistence in paddy rice fields. Objective: Evaluate the effect of water management on IMI dissipation in rice paddy and its carryover to soybean and non-CL rice. Methods: The herbicide mixture of imazapyr and imazapic totalizing 147 g a.i. ha−1 and 49 g a.i. ha−1, respectively, was applied half in preemergence (S3 stage – rice spike stage) and the other half in postemergence (V3-V4 rice stage). After herbicide application, a total of 21 samples were taken for analysis of residues. Soil samples were air dried and herbicides residues were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results: Calculated field dissipation half-life (DT½) of imazapyr was 182.5 and 42.0 days in continuous flooding and intermittent water management, respectively. Imazapic had a DT½ of 96.3 days on intermittent water management. No adjustment for the dissipation regression parameters was obtained for imazapic in continuous water management. No reduction in yield components was observed in soybean when grown in soil with imidazolinone residues. On the other hand, non-CL rice showed decreased shoot dry weight and stem number. Conclusion: Imidazolinone herbicides have a longer half-life under continuous rice water management than intermittent. Therefore, growers can use intermittent irrigation in ares prone to IMI carryover and can use soybean in rotation.

https://doi.org/10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00006

Transgenerational memory of drought stress and low rates of glyphosate reduce the sensitivity of Eragrostis plana to the herbicide
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Fipke, Marcus V.

; Balbinot, Andrisa

; Viana, Vívian E.

; Gehrke, Vinicios R.

; Kemmerich, Magali

; Dayan, Franck E.

; Souza, Gustavo M.

; Camargo, Edinalvo R.

; Avila, Luis A.

Advances in Weed Science

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2022, Volume 40 elocation e020220039

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Eragrostis plana is the main invasive plant in the Pampa Biome of southern Brazil. This plant is highly competitive, tolerant to abiotic stresses, and very difficult to manage. Plants exposed to abiotic stresses and herbicides develop mechanisms that help alleviate or reduce damage caused by stressors and transmit this ability to the progenies. Objective The study’s objectives were to ascertain whether acclimatization to stress due to drought and sub-lethal doses of glyphosate may decrease plant sensitivity to glyphosate and investigate the possible memory mechanisms involved in this process. Methods A population of E. plana was submitted to drought, glyphosate, or a combination of drought plus glyphosate for two generations. The progenies were analyzed for sensitivity to the herbicide glyphosate and for biochemical, metabolites, and molecular responses. Results When testing sensitivity to glyphosate in the G 2 generations, the DRYxGLY (plants stressed with drought plus glyphosate) was the least sensitive (ED50 443.0 g a.e. ha-1), while CHK (without stresses) was the most sensitive (ED50 278.0 g a.e. ha-1). Evaluating the effects of glyphosate, the CHK population showed a greater accumulation of oxidative damage and shikimic acid. While DRYxGLY had greater antioxidant activity and higher expressions of the EPSPS and ABC-carrier MRP10 genes. Conclusions Recurrent selection with drought stress and sub-lethal rate of glyphosate (DRYxGLY) showed reduced sensitivity to glyphosate in the second generation ( G 2 ). The conjunction of factors, including the upregulation of EPSPS and the ABC MRP10 transporter, antioxidant enzymes seem to decrease the sensitivity of the DRYxGLY population to glyphosate.

https://doi.org/10.51694/advweedsci/2022;40:00016

Mesotrione use for selective post-emergence control of glyphosate-resistant Conyza spp. in black oats
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Pedroso, Rafael M.

; Victoria Filho, Ricardo

; Ulguim, André R.

; Avila Neto, Roberto C

; Dourado Neto, Durval

Advances in Weed Science

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2021, Volume 39 elocation e20210026

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Achieving satisfactory weed control levels in black oat (Avena strigosa) fields is often difficult, owing to the limited number of registered herbicide molecules. Objective To determine novel options for selective, post-emergence chemical weed control in this crop. Methods Eight herbicide treatments were sprayed in the field onto black oat plants at the tillering stage to evaluate crop safety and control of Conyza spp. and Gamochaeta americana, two major weeds of Brazilian black oats. A separate trial was conducted to further assess herbicide safety in a controlled-environment setting, and mesotrione selectivity was then re-evaluated separately in the greenhouse during the following growing season. Crop phytotoxicity was determined using biomass production both in the field and in greenhouse trials. Results Mesotrione, bentazon, 2,4-D, and a 2,4-D+bentazon tank-mix produced light symptoms of crop phytotoxicity, from which plants quickly recovered. Conyza spp. control was achieved via applications of mesotrione (192 g a.i. ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3.9 g a.i. ha-1), and a 2,4-D + bentazon tank-mix (502.5 g a.e. ha-1 + 720 g a.i. ha-1, respectively), whereas proper G. americana control was only achieved via applications of either mesotrione or metsulfuron-methyl. Biomass accumulation by black oat plants in the greenhouse was similar across mesotrione-treated and untreated plants. Conclusions Mesotrione could become an option for selective, post-emergence weed control in black oat fields, aiding in the fight against multiple herbicide-resistant Conyza spp. populations which are widespread across major black oat-growing areas in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.51694/advweedsci/2021;39:00021

Posicionamento sobre COVID-19 e Gravidez em Mulheres Cardiopatas – Departamento de Cardiologia da Mulher da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia – 2020
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Marques-Santos, Celi

; Avila, Walkiria Samuel

; Carvalho, Regina Coeli Marques de

; Lucena, Alexandre Jorge Gomes de

; Freire, Claudia Maria Vilas

; Alexandre, Elizabeth Regina Giunco

; Campanharo, Felipe Favorette

; Rivera, Maria Alayde Mendonça R.

; Costa, Maria Elizabeth Navegantes Caetano

; Castro, Marildes Luiza de

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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nov 2020, Volume 115 N. 5 Pages 975 - 986

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20201063 2767 downloads

10.

Precision non-implantable neuromodulation therapies: a perspective for the depressed brain
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Borrione, Lucas

; Bellini, Helena

; Razza, Lais Boralli

; Avila, Ana G.

; Baeken, Chris

; Brem, Anna-Katharine

; Busatto, Geraldo

; Carvalho, Andre F.

; Chekroud, Adam

; Daskalakis, Zafiris J.

; Deng, Zhi-De

; Downar, Jonathan

; Gattaz, Wagner

; Loo, Colleen

; Lotufo, Paulo A.

; Martin, Maria da Graça M.

; McClintock, Shawn M.

; O’Shea, Jacinta

; Padberg, Frank

; Passos, Ives C.

; Salum, Giovanni A.

; Vanderhasselt, Marie-Anne

; Fraguas, Renerio

; Benseñor, Isabela

; Valiengo, Leandro

; Brunoni, Andre R.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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aug 2020, Volume 42 N. 4 Pages 403 - 419

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Current first-line treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) include pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, one-third of depressed patients do not achieve remission after multiple medication trials, and psychotherapy can be costly and time-consuming. Although non-implantable neuromodulation (NIN) techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, and magnetic seizure therapy are gaining momentum for treating MDD, the efficacy of non-convulsive techniques is still modest, whereas use of convulsive modalities is limited by their cognitive side effects. In this context, we propose that NIN techniques could benefit from a precision-oriented approach. In this review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in implementing such a framework, focusing on enhancing NIN effects via a combination of individualized cognitive interventions, using closed-loop approaches, identifying multimodal biomarkers, using computer electric field modeling to guide targeting and quantify dosage, and using machine learning algorithms to integrate data collected at multiple biological levels and identify clinical responders. Though promising, this framework is currently limited, as previous studies have employed small samples and did not sufficiently explore pathophysiological mechanisms associated with NIN response and side effects. Moreover, cost-effectiveness analyses have not been performed. Nevertheless, further advancements in clinical trials of NIN could shift the field toward a more “precision-oriented” practice.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0741 1546 downloads

11.

Effects of feed particle size on energy values for broiler chickens at various ages
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Frank, R.

; Pozza, P.C.

; Scherer, C.

; Schöne, R.A.

; Avila, A.S.

; Oliveira, P.L.

; Broch, J.

; Eyng, C.

; Nunes, R.V.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2020, Volume 50 N. 6 Pages 830 - 839

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various geometric mean diameters (GMDs) of particles of corn, pelleted soybean meal and a corn-soy mixture in the proportion of 70% and 30%, respectively, on the nutritional value of the feeds. The study evaluated energy consumption, the contents of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and the metabolizability coefficients for broiler chickens at various ages. A total of 540 Cobb 500 male broilers were housed in metabolic cages (experimental units). Trials were performed separately with each feed. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments, namely corn with 573, 636, 851, and 1012 μm GMDs; pelleted soybean meal with 538, 550, 665, and 741 μm GMDs; and the corn-soy mixture with 627, 658, 893, and 1040 μm GMDs. Birds were evaluated on days 1 - 10, 11 - 20, 21 - 30, and 31 - 40. Larger GMDs resulted in lower energy consumption. From 1 to 10 days, birds consumed less metabolizable energy than older birds. Birds fed corn from days 1 to 10 had higher metabolizable energy (P <0.05) with increasing GMD up to 1042 μm. However, the results varied, depending on the feed and its combinations. The use of coarse particles could reduce the costs of grinding, and would have few effects on the metabolizable energy of broiler chickens.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i6.9 140 downloads

12.

Association of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism with clopidogrel resistance among patients with high cardiovascular risk in Northeastern Mexico
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Cedillo-Salazar, Félix R.

; Martínez-Jacobo, Lizeth

; Pérez-Páramo, Yadira X.

; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo

; Martínez, Laura E.

; Jaime-Pérez, José C.

; Moreno-Treviño, María G.

; Pérez-Rodríguez, Edelmiro

; Bosques-Padilla, Francisco J.

; Cedillo-Avila, Montserrat

; Cedillo-Avila, María A.

; Zamudio-Osuna, Michelle

Archivos de cardiología de México

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dec 2019, Volume 89 N. 4 Pages 324 - 329

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

abstract Objective: Oral antiplatelet drugs are a key to modern pharmacotherapy in cardiovascular atherothrombotic diseases. Clopidogrel (CLO) constitutes the main preventive treatment of atherothrombosis. However, a considerable inter-individual variation in CLO response has been documented, resulting in suboptimal therapy and an increased risk of recurrent adverse effects in some patients. The enzyme CYP2C19 has been reported to be the CYP isoform that activates CLO to its active metabolite. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2C19 gene have been identified as strong predictors of CLO-impaired pharmacological response. At least 16 variants have been associated with changes in CYP2C19 activity. Materials and Methods: The following research was composed of a total of 102 subjects with high cardiovascular risk in the northeast of Mexico, with a maintenance dose of 75 mg of CLO per day. The platelet reactivity was measured with VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, while the presence of CYP2C19*2 was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Patients were categorized by CYP2C19 metabolizer status based on *2 genotypes using the common consensus star allele nomenclature as normal metabolizer (G/G), intermediate metabolizer (G/A), and poor metabolizer (A/A), respectively. The phenotype frequency for CYP2C19*2 was 74.5% (G/G), 21.6% (G/A), and 3.9% (A/A). The subjects with the A allele presented ≥235 P2Y12 reaction unit levels, classifying them how poor metabolizer. The prevalence of reduced CLO effectiveness was associated with the presence of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism among Mexican patients. Conclusion: The presence of the CYP2C19*2 allele is related to resistance to the antiplatelet effect of CLO (p = 0.003).

Resumen Objetivo: Los antiplaquetarios orales son clave en la farmacoterapia moderna de las enfermedades aterotrombóticas cardiovasculares. Clopidogrel (CLO) constituye el principal tratamiento preventivo de aterotrombosis (AT). Sin embargo, se ha documentado una considerable variación interindividual en la respuesta a CLO, lo que da como resultado una terapia subóptima y mayor riesgo de efectos adversos en algunos pacientes. La enzima CYP2C19 es la isoforma CYP que activa CLO a su metabolito activo. Se han identificado varios polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido en el gen CYP2C19 como fuertes predictores de respuesta farmacológica alterada a CLO. Al menos 16 variantes se han asociado con cambios en la actividad de CYP2C19. Método: Se reclutaron un total de 102 sujetos con alto riesgo cardiovascular del noreste de México, con dosis de mantenimiento de 75 mg de CLO/día. La reactividad plaquetaria se midió con el ensayo Verify Now P2Y12, la presencia de CYP2C19*2 se identificó mediante polymerase chain reaction en tiempo real. Resultado: Los pacientes fueron clasificados por el estado metabolizador CYP2C19*2 utilizando nomenclatura consenso, como metabolizador normal (G/G), metabolizador intermedio (G/A) y metabolizador pobre (A/A), respectivamente. La frecuencia del fenotipo para CYP2C19*2 fue 74.5% (G/G), 21.6% (G/A) y 3.9% (A/A). Los sujetos con alelo A presentaron ≥235 niveles P2Y12 reaction unit, clasificándolos como metabolizadores deficientes. La prevalencia de eficacia reducida a CLO se asoció con la presencia del polimorfismo CYP2C19*2 en pacientes mexicanos. Conclusiones: La presencia del alelo CYP2C19*2 se relaciona con resistencia al efecto antiagregante plaquetario del CLO (p = 0.003).

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.19000033 351 downloads

13.

PROPOSAL METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF POPULATION VULNERABILITY AT HAZARD AREAS
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Trentin, R.

; Robaina, L. E. S.

; Avila, L. O.

Mercator (Fortaleza)

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2019, Volume 18 elocation e18004

Abstract: Pt En Fr | Text: Pt En Fr | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Fr

RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre a metodologia utilizada para estabelecer a vulnerabilidade associada às áreas de risco na cidade de Santa Maria. Para analisar a vulnerabilidade, foram utilizados: variáveis urbano-construtivas, que definem o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Urbana (InVU), além de variáveis socioeconômicas e densificação urbana, que definem o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Humana (InVH). O InVU é determinado pelo Padrão de Construção Urbana, identificado através da análise do planejamento de ocupação, características da moradia e infraestrutura disponível. O InVH foi determinado por uma análise das Variáveis Socioeconômicas e da Densificação. As variáveis socioeconômicas utilizadas são a faixa etária da população, a renda mensal e a taxa de alfabetização.

ABSTRACT This work presents a discussion of the methodology used to establish the vulnerability associated with at-risk areas in Santa Maria city. The following were used in order to analyze vulnerability: urban-constructive variables, which define the Urban Vulnerability Index (InVU), in addition to further socio-economic variables and urban densification, which define the Human Vulnerability Index (InVH). The InVU is determined by the Urban-Construction Standard, identified through the analysis of occupation planning, housing characteristics and the available infrastructure. The InVH was determined by an analysis of Socioeconomic Variables and Densification. The socioeconomic variables used are the age range of the population, monthly income and the literacy rate.

RÉSUMÉ Ce travail présente une discussion sur la méthodologie utilisée pour établir la vulnérabilité associée aux zones à risque dans la ville de Santa Maria. Pour analyser la vulnérabilité, nous avons utilisé: caractéristiques constructives et infrastructures urbaines, qui définissent l'indice de vulnérabilité urbaine (InVU) ajouté aux variables socio-économiques et à la densification urbaine, qui définissent l'indice de vulnérabilité humaine (InVH). L'indice InVU est déterminé par la norme de construction urbaine identifiée par l'analyse de la planification de l'occupation, des caractéristiques du logement et de l'infrastructure disponible. L'indice InVH a été déterminé par une analyse des variables socio-économiques et de la densité d'occupation. Les variables socio-économiques sont obtenues grâce à l'utilisation de la base d'information d'âge de la population; revenu mensuel et taux d'alphabétisation.

https://doi.org/10.4215/rm2019.e18004 492 downloads

14.

Post-fire recovery of a dense ombrophylous forest in Amazon
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ANDRADE, DÁRLISON F.C. DE

; GAMA, JOÃO R.V.

; RUSCHEL, ADEMIR R.

; MELO, LIA O.

; AVILA, ANGELA L. DE

; CARVALHO, JOÃO O.P. DE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2019, Volume 91 N. 2 elocation e20170840

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: The fires that occur in the Amazon are as damaging as the deforestation is. There is a need for further long-term studies on dynamics of tree communities in forests affected by fires. In the present study we evaluated the dynamics of tree species, before and after an accidental fire that occurred in 1997 in an experimental area of terra firme forest in the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, in western Pará State, Brazil. Approximately 3500 trees with diameter measured at 1.30 m above ground (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were botanically identified and measured in 12 permanent plots of 0.25 ha (50 m x 50 m), in 1983, 1987, 1989, 1995, 2008 and 2012. Analyses of survival, mortality and recruitment of trees were performed. The results showed that although the fire has increased the mortality and recruitment rates after 15 years, the highest mortality occurred on trees with smaller diameters (DBH < 30 cm), so the fire did not affect the survival of large trees in the long term, explaining why the reduction in density of living trees has not greatly influenced the decrease in basal area in the burned forest.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920170840 1320 downloads

15.

Diet and trophic niche overlap of Boana bischoffi and Boana marginata (Anura: Hylidae) in southern Brazil
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Moser, Camila F.

; Oliveira, Mateus de

; Avila, Fernanda R. de

; Dutra-Araújo, Diogo

; Farina, Renata K.

; Tozetti, Alexandro M.

Biota Neotropica

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2019, Volume 19 N. 1 elocation e20180542

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: As espécies Boana bischoffi e Boana marginata, são endêmicas da Mata Atlântica onde frequentemente ocorrem em simpatria. Existe uma grande lacuna no conhecimento da história natural de ambas as espécies. Nesse estudo, nosso objetivo foi descrever e comparar a composição da dieta de B. bischoffi e B. marginata no limite sul da Mata Atlântica brasileira. Analisamos o conteúdo gastrointestinal de 43 indivíduos de B. bischoffi e 30 indivíduos de B. marginata. Ambas apresentaram elevada sobreposição de seus nichos tróficos (0,90 Ojk). As categorias de presas mais importantes para ambas as espécies pertenciam as ordens Araneae e Coleoptera. A amplitude de nicho das espécies (Bsta) variou de 0,35 a 0,42, sugerindo comportamento alimentar generalista para ambas. Nossos dados trazem informações inéditas sobre a composição alimentar destas espécies, contribuindo para um maior conhecimento da história natural dos anuros neotropicais.

Abstract: The species Boana bischoffi and Boana marginata are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, where they often occur in sympatry. There is a large gap in the knowledge of natural history of both species. In this study, we aimed to describe and compare the diet composition of B. bischoffi and B. marginata in the southern domain of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We analyzed the gastrointestinal contents of 43 individuals of B. bischoffi and 30 individuals of B. marginata. Both showed a high trophic niche overlap (0.90 Ojk). The most important prey categories for both species belonged to the orders Araneae and Coleoptera. The species niche breadth (Bsta) varied from 0.35 to 0.42, suggesting a generalist feeding behavior for both species. Our data provide unprecedented information on these species' food composition, contributing to a better knowledge of the natural history of neotropical anurans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0542 1703 downloads

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