ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis, a disease of significant economic impact on livestock and public health concern, may exhibit unique epidemiological characteristics in indigenous villages, particularly those located within semiarid climates such as the Caatinga biome in Brazil. This environment often presents conditions unfavorable for leptospire survival. This study conducted serological diagnoses of livestock in indigenous villages within the Caatinga biome, Northeastern Brazil. The survey was carried out in the Mãe Maria and Santa Helena indigenous villages, home to the Xukuru de Cimbres tribe, in the county of Pesqueira, Pernambuco State, Brazil, within the Caatinga biome. Blood samples were collected from cattle (n = 42), goats (n = 41), and sheep (n = 19). Out of the 102 samples tested, 73 (71.6%; 95% CI = 62.8% - 80.3%) were seroreactive (cut-off ≥ 100). The seropositivity rates for cattle, goats, and sheep were 54.8%, 80.5%, and 89.5%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the proportion of seropositive animals between cattle and goats and cattle and sheep (P < 0.05). Icterohaemorrhagiae was identified as the most probable serogroup across all animal species. The study revealed that livestock in indigenous villages within the Caatinga biome are frequently exposed to leptospires. This finding underscores the importance of a One Health approach, emphasizing the need for comprehensive studies in areas where large human and animal populations coexist. Such studies are crucial for investigating zoonotic infections and for planning and implementing control measures against livestock-associated leptospirosis.

RESUMO: A leptospirose causa perdas econômicas na pecuária e é um problema de saúde pública, sendo possível que existam peculiaridades na epidemiologia dessa doença em aldeias indígenas, principalmente naquelas de áreas de clima semiárido, como o bioma Caatinga no Nordeste do Brasil, onde o ambiente é frequentemente adverso à sobrevivência de leptospiras. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o diagnóstico sorológico em rebanhos de aldeias indígenas no bioma Caatinga. A pesquisa foi realizada nas aldeias indígenas Mãe Maria e Santa Helena, tribo Xukuru de Cimbres, município de Pesqueira, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, dentro do bioma Caatinga. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de bovinos (n = 42), caprinos (n = 41) e ovinos (n = 19). No geral, das 102 amostras testadas 73 (71,6%; IC 95% = 62,8% - 80,3%) foram sororreativas (ponto de corte ≥ 100). Para bovinos, caprinos e ovinos as taxas de soropositividade foram de 54,8%, 80,5% e 89,5%, respectivamente. Houve diferença estatística na proporção de animais soropositivos entre bovinos e caprinos e bovinos e ovinos (P < 0,05). Icterohaemorrhagiae foi o sorogrupo mais provável em todas as espécies animais. O estudo mostra que animais de produção de aldeias indígenas são comumente expostos a leptospiras no bioma Caatinga, o que constitui uma preocupação do ponto de vista de Saúde Única e demonstra a importância de estudos amplos em que coexistem grandes números de humanos e animais na investigação de infecções zoonóticas e no planejamento e implementação de medidas de controle da leptospirose associada a animais de produção.

ABSTRACT Among the multi-trait models selected to study several traits and environments jointly, the Bayesian framework has been a preferred tool when constructing a more complex and biologically realistic model. In most cases, non-informative prior distributions are adopted in studies using the Bayesian approach. However, the Bayesian approach presents more accurate estimates when informative prior distributions are used. The present study was developed to evaluate the efficiency and applicability of multi-trait multi-environment (MTME) models within a Bayesian framework utilizing a strategy for eliciting informative prior distribution using previous data on rice. The study involved data pertaining to rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in three environments and five crop seasons (2010/2011 until 2014/2015) for the following traits: grain yield (GY), flowering in days (FLOR) and plant height (PH). Variance components, genetic and non-genetic parameters were estimated using the Bayesian method. In general, the informative prior distribution in Bayesian MTME models provided higher estimates of individual narrow-sense heritability and variance components, as well as minor lengths for the highest probability density interval (HPD), compared to their respective non-informative prior distribution analyses. More informative prior distributions make it possible to detect genetic correlations between traits, which cannot be achieved with non-informative prior distributions. Therefore, this mechanism presented to update knowledge for an elicitation of an informative prior distribution can be efficiently applied in rice breeding programs.

Abstract The present study aimed for the molecular detection of Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from military training areas in southeastern Brazil. Previously, a total of 9,374 free-living ticks in 66 military instruction areas of five Military Organizations (MOs) were collected. From these, a sample of 1,885 ticks was used for molecular analysis..DNA extraction was performed using the “HotSHOT” technique, and PCR was performed using the Rickettsia spp. gltA, 17kDa and ompA genes. It was found that 11 samples produced DNA sequences of sizes compatible with the Rickettsia spp. gltA and 17kDa gene and two of these, also for ompA, with a prevalence of 0.58% (11/1885). Analyses of amplified fragments of gltA identified the samples as Rickettsia bellii in seven nymphs of Amblyomma dubitatum and one nymph of Amblyomma sculptum, and identified samples as Rickettsia sp. in two nymphs of A. dubitatum and one of A. sculptum. This finding warns the possibility of the risk of exposure of military personnel to ticks infected with Rickettsia spp. during training.

Abstract Introduction The Hawaiian canoe has numerous bene-fits for those who use it. Furthermore, it is considered a moderate/high-intensity cyclic sport that can cause injuries. Studies on factors associated with injuries in Hawaiian canoe paddlers are considered limited and scarce. Objective To identify the profile of canoe paddlers and determine the main factors associated with injuries. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 Hawaiian canoe paddlers (54% females, 45.6 ± 10.0 years old; 46% males, 44.8 ± 11.7 years old) using an online survey, with questions on sociodemographic and anthropometric information and practice and injuries. Results Participants reported having at least four years of experience with the modality, training approximately four times a week for a total of six hours. Almost half (45%) of the sample reported having been injured at least once while canoeing. The back/spine was the body region with the highest injury prevalence, with 38.6%. Intense training was considered the only associated factor for injuries (odds ratio: 3.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.71 - 9.26). Conclusion This pioneering study in Brazil allowed us to profile Hawaiian canoe paddlers and identify the main factors associated with injuries. Paddlers who train intensely are more likely to develop injuries during practice. Therefore, this variable must be considered when planning sessions.

Resumo Introdução A canoagem havaiana apresenta inúmeros benefícios para os praticantes. Apesar disso, é uma prática considerada com gestos cíclicos, realizada com intensidade moderada/intensa e que pode ocasionar lesões. As evidências sobre os fatores associados às lesões em remadores de canoa havaiana são consideradas limitadas e escassas. Objetivo Identificar o perfil dos remadores brasileiros de canoa havaiana e verificar os fatores associados às lesões. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal conduzido em 100 remadores de canoa havaiana (54% sexo feminino, 46,2 ± 8,5 anos; 46% do sexo masculino, 44,8 ± 11,7 anos) por meio de uma pesquisa online. O instrumento utilizado continha perguntas sobre as variáveis sociodemográ-ficas, antropométricas, prática da modalidade e lesões. Resultados Os participantes reportaram ter experiência de pelo menos quatro anos com a modalidade, treinando aproximadamente quatro vezes por semana e totalizando seis horas de treino semanal. Quarenta e cinco por cento da amostra relatou ter sido lesionada pelo menos uma vez durante a prática da modalidade. As costas/coluna foi a região corporal com maior prevalência de lesão, com 38,6%. Treinos intensos foram considerados os únicos fatores associados para lesões (razão de chance: 3,98; intervalo de confiança: 1,71 - 9,26). Conclusão Este estudo pioneiro no Brasil permitiu traçar o perfil dos remadores de canoa havaiana, bem como identificar os principais fatores associados a lesões. Remadores que treinam intensamente estão mais propensos a desenvolver lesões durante a prática, portanto, esta variável deve ser levada em consideração no planejamento das sessões.

ABSTRACT The most common feature of geopolymer cements is that they contain a relatively small amount of iron oxides. This is due to the fact that several scientists suspect the harmful action of some Fe++ ferrous compounds in the development of the geopolymeric reaction. For some researchers, Fe can interfere negatively in the geopolymerization process of the material, while, in some new studies, the role of Fe has revealed interesting results for geopolymers. In order to verify the mechanical resistance achieved by the geopolymer obtained from the bauxite washing waste, which has a high iron content in its composition, the present research intends to use 100% of this calcined raw material as a precursor, and reagents such as NaOH and Na2SiO3 as activators in the process. All materials were characterized in terms of their physical and mineralogical properties, in order to enable the correct dosage of materials. With the geopolymers obtained, the compressive strength was evaluated, varying the concentration of NaOH in 8 M and 10 M for different curing times (7 and 28 days). X-ray diffraction analysis (DRX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), granulometric analysis and mechanical resistance tests. Even with approximately 25% of iron, the geopolymers presented a mechanical behavior compatible with assigned functions and similar to the norms established for Portland cement, with a maximum resistance of 25.85 MPa.

RESUMO A característica mais comum dos cimentos geopoliméricos é que eles contêm uma quantidade relativamente pequena de óxidos de ferro. Isso se deve ao fato de que vários cientistas desconfiam da ação nociva de alguns compostos ferrosos no desenvolvimento da reação geopolimérica. Para alguns pesquisadores o Fe pode interferir negativamente no processo de geopolimerização do material, enquanto que, em alguns novos estudos o papel do Fe tem revelado resultados interessantes. No intuito de verificar a resistência mecânica alcançada pelo geopolímero obtido a partir do rejeito da lavagem da bauxita, que possui em sua composição alto teor de ferro, a presente pesquisa pretende utilizar 100% dessa matéria-prima calcinada como precursor, e reagentes como o NaOH e Na2SiO3 como ativadores no processo. Todos os materiais foram caracterizados perante suas propriedades físicas e mineralógicas, a fim de possibilitar a correta dosagem dos materiais. Com os geopolímeros obtidos, avaliou-se a resistência a compressão, variando a concentração de NaOH em 8 M e 10 M para diferentes tempos de cura (7 e 28 dias). Análise de difração de raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise granulométrica e testes de resistência mecânica. Mesmo com aproximadamente 25% de ferro, os geopolímeros apresentaram comportamento mecânico compatível com funções atribuídas e similares a normativa estabelecida para o cimento Portland, com resistência máxima de 25,85 MPa.

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the most prevalent psychoactive substances used among undergraduate students in the health area and their interference in academic performance. Methods: a total of 115 Nursing and Physical Education students from a public university in inland Ceará, Brazil, answered the Drug Use Screening Inventory questionnaire in 2021. To analyze the results, Pearson’s chi-square and likelihood ratio statistical tests were used. Results: a total of 65 (56%) students used analgesics, 54 (47%) drank alcohol and 14 (12.2%) smoked marijuana. There was no statistical association between use of psychoactive substances and academic performance. However, among those who used analgesics or alcohol, more than 1/3 analyzed their performance as poor/terrible or fair, and half of those who smoked marijuana analyzed it in the same way. Conclusion: the study contributed to understanding the psychoactive substances prevalent in the university context and associated aspects, emphasizing the need for interventions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar las sustancias psicoactivas más prevalentes en los estudiantes de grado del área de la salud y su interferencia en el rendimiento académico. Métodos: 115 estudiantes de Enfermería y Educación Física de una universidad pública del interior de Ceará, Brasil, respondieron el cuestionario Drug Use Screening Inventory, en 2021. Para analizar los resultados se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas chi-cuadrado de Pearson y de razón de verosimilitud. Resultados: 65 (56%) estudiantes utilizaron analgésicos; 54 (47%) alcohol y 14 (12,2%) marihuana. No hubo asociación estadística entre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y el rendimiento académico. Sin embargo, más de 1/3 de los que consumía analgésicos o alcohol, consideró que el desempeño era malo/pésimo o regular, al igual que la mitad de los que consumía marihuana. Conclusión: el estudio contribuyó a comprender cuales son las sustancias psicoactivas prevalentes en el contexto universitario y los aspectos asociados, y destacó la necesidad de intervenciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar as substâncias psicoativas mais prevalentes entre alunos de cursos de graduação da área de saúde e a interferência destas no desempenho acadêmico. Métodos: 115 acadêmicos de Enfermagem e Educação Física de Universidade pública do interior do Ceará, Brasil, responderam ao questionário Drug Use Screening Inventory, em 2021. Para análise dos resultados, utilizaram-se dos testes estatísticos de qui-quadrado de Pearson e da razão de verossimilhança. Resultados: 65 (56%) alunos usavam analgésicos; 54 (47%) o álcool e 14 (12,2%) a maconha. Não houve associação estatística entre o uso de substâncias psicoativas e o desempenho acadêmico. Todavia, dentre aqueles que utilizavam analgésicos ou álcool, mais de 1/3 analisaram o desempenho como ruim/péssimo ou regular e metade dos que usavam maconha analisaram da mesma maneira o desempenho acadêmico. Conclusão: o estudo contribuiu para o entendimento sobre as substâncias psicoativas prevalentes no contexto universitário e os aspectos associados, enfatizando a necessidade de intervenções.

Abstract Behavioral characteristics may also take part in the etiology of dental caries. Sedentary behavior, especially watching television, is associated with increased intake of foods high in fat or free sugar, which could influence the occurrence of dental caries. The aim of this study was to assess the mediating effect of eating pattern on the relationship between television exposure time and the presence of dental caries in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 580 parent-child dyads with children aged 7 to 8 years in 20 public schools in Pelotas, Brazil. Parents or legal guardians were interviewed and provided information on demographic/socioeconomic data, children’s daily television exposure time, and answered the Biological Rhythms Interview for Assessment in Neuropsychiatry for Kids (BRIAN-K-eating pattern domain). Caries was evaluated through clinical examination. The mediating effect of eating pattern on the relationship between television exposure and presence of dental caries was estimated using the parametric g-formula. Prevalence of dental caries was 63%, and 22% of children watched TV 4 or more hours per day. Television exposure had no direct effect on the dental caries experience [odds ratio (OR): 1.05 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.92–1.19)]. Nevertheless, difficulty maintaining regular eating pattern mediated the natural indirect effect of television exposure time (≥ 4 hours/day) on dental caries experience [OR: 1.07 (95%CI): 1.01–1.14)]. The results of this study confirm the indirect pathway between television viewing and dental caries and the role of disordered eating patterns in this association.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze vaccination coverage spatial distribution in children under one year old and the socioeconomic factors associated with meeting the recommended goals in Minas Gerais. Methods: an ecological study, carried out in 853 municipalities in the state. Pentavalent, poliomyelitis, meningococcal conjugate, yellow fever, rotavirus, and 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination coverage were analyzed. Scan statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed to identify spatial clusters and factors associated with meeting coverage goals. Results: spatial analysis revealed clusters with risk of low coverage for all vaccines. Number of families with per capita income of up to 1/2 wage, Minas Gerais Social Responsibility Index and percentage of the poor or extremely poor population were associated with meeting the established goals. Conclusions: the results are useful for designing interventions regarding the structuring of vaccination services and the implementation of actions to increase vaccination coverage in clusters with less propensity to vaccinate.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la distribución espacial de las coberturas de vacunación en menores de un año y los factores socioeconómicos asociados al cumplimiento de las metas recomendadas en Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudio ecológico, realizado en 853 municipios del estado. Se analizaron las coberturas vacunales de pentavalente, poliomielitis, meningococo C, fiebre amarilla, rotavirus y neumococo conjugado decavalente. Se realizaron estadísticas de escaneo y regresión logística múltiple para identificar grupos espaciales y factores asociados con el cumplimiento de los objetivos de cobertura. Resultados: el análisis espacial reveló conglomerados con riesgo de baja cobertura para todas las vacunas. Número de familias con renta per cápita de hasta 1/2 salario, Índice de Responsabilidad Social Minas Gerais y porcentaje de población pobre o extremadamente pobre se asociaron al cumplimiento de las metas establecidas. Conclusiones: los resultados son útiles para el diseño de intervenciones en cuanto a la estructuración de los servicios de vacunación y la implementación de acciones para aumentar las coberturas de vacunación en los conglomerados con menor propensión a vacunar.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial da cobertura vacinal em menores de um ano e os fatores socioeconômicos associados ao cumprimento das metas preconizadas em Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudo ecológico, realizado nos 853 municípios do estado. Foram analisadas as coberturas vacinais da pentavalente, poliomielite, meningocócica C, febre amarela, rotavírus, e pneumocócica conjugada 10-valente. Realizou-se estatística de varredura e regressão logística múltipla para identificar agrupamentos espaciais e fatores associados ao cumprimento das metas de cobertura. Resultados: a análise espacial revelou aglomerados com risco de baixas coberturas para todas as vacinas. Número de famílias com renda per capita até 1/2 salário, Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social e percentual da população pobre ou extremamente pobre se mostraram associados ao cumprimento das metas preconizadas. Conclusões: os resultados são úteis para projetar intervenções quanto à estruturação dos serviços de vacinação e implementação de ações para aumentar a cobertura vacinal nos aglomerados com menor propensão à vacinação.

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Version of Lay Person's Social Judgement about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S). A standardized photograph of a 16-year-old girl was manipulated by using photo editing software, to simulate different cleft-lip situations. The cleft-free image was used as a control. The researchers structured an initial questionnaire that was evaluated by experts and a sample of the target population to evaluate the construct. After analysis by the researchers, a final version of the B-LSojCleft-S containing 14 items was generated. Each answer was awarded score from 1 to 3 points, yielding a total score of 14 to 42 points. Higher scores represented better social judgements. The B-LSojCleft-S was applied online to 103 test participants and 73 retest participants with an interval of 20 days between application. Aspects of acceptability, discriminant property, internal consistency, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed using the Friedman test (p < 0.05). Reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha > 0.81. The B-LSojCleft-S showed high acceptability, strong discriminant property, excellent internal consistency and reliability, but had a floor and ceiling effect. The instrument reached valid and reliable scores and had acceptable psychometric properties to evaluate the social judgments of lay persons about different cleft lip situations in a Brazilian population.

Abstract This study sought to analyze the practice of physical activity (PA) among university students, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study with an analytical approach, carried out with 857 university students enrolled in higher education institutions in Montes Claros, in the state of Minas Gerais. Data collection was carried out using the Google forms, which was shared via social networks, containing questions regarding sociodemographic profile, physical activity, clinical factors, and behavioral and health habits. A descriptive exploratory analysis of the data was carried out, with frequency distribution of the study variables. Subsequently, bivariate analyses were performed and the associated variables with up to a level of 20% (p ≤ 0.20) were selected for multiple analysis using Poisson Regression. The prevalence non-practice of PA during the pandemic was of 56.8% among college students. Variables, such as being with a partner (PR=1.28), presence of respiratory diseases (PR=1.17), negative self-perception of health (PR=1.37), increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (PR=1.29), and presence of depression (PR=1.21), showed statistically significant associations with the practice of physical activity. We concluded that the non-practice of PA in university students during the social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with marital status, presence of respiratory diseases, negative self-perception of health, increased consumption of ultra-processed foods, and presence of depression.

Resumo Este estudo buscou analisar a prática de atividade física entre universitários durante a pandemia de COVID19, e os fatores associados. Trata-se de estudo transversal de abordagem analítica, realizado com 857 universitários matriculados em instituições de ensino superior de Montes Claros-Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados foi realizada através do formulário Google forms, divulgado por redes sociais, contendo perguntas referentes ao perfil sociodemográfico, prática de atividade física, fatores clínicos, hábitos comportamentais e de saúde. Realizou-se análise descritiva exploratória dos dados, com distribuição de frequências das variáveis do estudo. Em seguida foram realizadas análises bivariadas e as variáveis associadas até o nível de 20% (p ≤ 0,20) foram selecionadas para a análise múltipla através da Regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de ausência da prática de AF durante a pandemia foi de 56,8% entre os universitários. Variáveis como estar com companheiro (RP=1,28), presença de doenças respiratórias (RP=1,17), autopercepção negativa da saúde (RP=1,37), aumento do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (RP=1,29) e presença de depressão (RP=1,21) demonstraram associações estatisticamente significativas com a prática de atividade física. Neste estudo, observou-se elevada prevalência de universitários que não praticam AF durante o isolamento social, sendo associado a diversos fatores, como o estado conjugal, à presença de doenças, hábitos alimentares e a autopercepção do estado de saúde. Dessa forma, tais características podem subsidiar intervenções com o intuito de incentivar hábitos saudáveis e sobretudo, promover a prática de AF como promoção a saúde física e mental.

The NixCu(1-x)Fe2O4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.8, 1) mixed nickel and copper ferrites were synthesized using the EDTA-Citrate complexation method and calcined at 700°C. The structure, properties and characterization of the samples were analyzed by DRX, Rietveld refinement, SEM, and DRE UV-Vis, indicating the phase formation of tetragonal (CuFe2O4 and Ni0.2Cu0.8Fe2O4) and cubic (Ni0.8Cu0.2Fe2O4 and NiFe2O4). The materials exhibited morphologies suitable for photocatalytic applications and a UV-Vis absorption range near 2 eV as expected for spinel ferrites. These materials were evaluated as photocatalysts for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye under heterogeneous photocatalysis conditions, simulating solar light irradiation, air injection, and different pH levels (2, 6, and 10). The results showed that the catalytic efficiency was higher for samples with a higher copper content and in a basic medium. Therefore, NixCu(1-x)Fe2O4 mixed ferrites have promising potential as photocatalysts.

Abstract The need to predict the occurrence of rainfall events is essential for planning urban and rural activities. Thus, the objective of this work was to estimate the probable values of rainfall at different levels of probability for the city of Rio Branco, Acre, from the total monthly rainfall records, computed from the historical series from 1970 to 2021. The method of maximum-likelihood was used for estimate the parameters of the Gamma distribution. In the evaluation of the historical rainfall series, it was observed that from june to august is considered the period with less rainfall, while from november to march it is considered the rainy period in the study region. The estimated values of rainfall at different levels of probability for the city of Rio Branco, Acre, allowed verifying that during the period from 1970 to 2021, the estimates comprised in the range of 50% of probability were similar to the monthly average values of the rainfall recorded in the municipality. Therefore, the rainfall values estimated in the present study are tools to support decision-making, especially with regard to planning and undertaking urban and rural activities in the city of Rio Branco.

Resumo A necessidade de prever a ocorrência de eventos pluviométricos é essencial para o planejamento das atividades urbanas e rurais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os valores prováveis de precipitação em diferentes níveis de probabilidade para a cidade de Rio Branco, Acre, a partir dos registros totais mensais de precipitação, computados a partir da série histórica de 1970 a 2021. O método de máxima verossimilhança foi utilizado para estimar os parâmetros da distribuição Gama. Na avaliação da série histórica de chuva observou que de junho a agosto é considerado o período com menor pluviosidade, enquanto que de novembro a março considera-se o período chuvoso da região de estudo. Os valores estimados de chuva em diferentes níveis de probabilidade para a cidade de Rio Branco, Acre, permitiram verificar que durante o período de 1970 a 2021, as estimativas compreendidas na faixa de 50% de probabilidade foram semelhantes aos valores médios mensais da chuva registrada no município. Portanto, os valores pluviométricos estimados no presente estudo são ferramentas de apoio à tomada de decisões, principalmente no que se refere ao planejamento e desenvolvimento de atividades urbanas e rurais no município de Rio Branco.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In healthy individuals and in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the curvature of the cervical spine varies greatly, with approximately 36-40% of AIS patients having kyphosis of the cervical spine. Aim: To assess the curvature of the cervical spine in AIS patients and subgroups according to Lenke’s classification (1 to 6). Methods: 107 patients with AIS were assessed for cervical lordosis (C2-C7) using the Cobb method, subdivided into lordosis and cervical kyphosis. The following parameters were assessed and compared between the subgroups: T5-T12 thoracic kyphosis (TK); L1-S1 lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), C2-C7 cervical lordosis, C1-C2 cervical lordosis, T1 slope (T1s), neck tilt, thoracic inlet angle (TIA) and cervical sagittal axis (CSVA). Results: Kyphosis of the cervical spine was observed in 48% of patients. The Lenke classification curves (1 to 6) showed no difference with regard to the curvature of the cervical spine. In the subgroup with cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and T1 slope were significantly higher. Neck tilt was significantly higher in the subgroup with kyphosis. Conclusions: Almost half of the patients have kyphosis of the cervical spine, and the curvature of the cervical spine in AIS patients varies widely. Thoracic kyphosis, T1 slope, and neck tilt are significantly different between the subgroups of patients with lordosis or kyphosis. Level of Evidence III; Observational and Retrospective Study.

RESUMEN Introducción: En individuos sanos y en pacientes con escoliosis idiopática del adolescente (EIA), la curvatura de la columna cervical varía enormemente, y aproximadamente el 36-40% de los pacientes con EIA presentan cifosis de la columna cervical. Objetivo: Evaluar la curvatura de la columna cervical en pacientes con EIA y subgrupos según la clasificación de Lenke (1 a 6). Métodos: Se evaluó la lordosis cervical (C2-C7) de 107 pacientes con EIA mediante el método de Cobb, subdivididos en dos grupos: lordosis y cifosis cervical. Se evaluaron y compararon los siguientes parámetros entre los subgrupos: Cifosis torácica (TK) T5-T12; lordosis lumbar (LL) L1-S1, incidencia pélvica (PI), eje vertical sagital (SVA), ángulo pélvico T1 (TPA), lordosis cervical C2-C7, lordosis cervical C1-C2, inclinación T1 (T1s), inclinación del cuello, ángulo de la entrada torácica (TIA) y eje sagital cervical (CSVA). Resultados: Se observó cifosis de la columna cervical en el 48% de los pacientes. Las curvas de clasificación de Lenke (1 a 6) no mostraron diferencias con respecto a la curvatura de la columna cervical. En el subgrupo con lordosis cervical, la cifosis torácica y la inclinación T1 eran significativamente mayores. La inclinación cervical fue significativamente mayor en el subgrupo con cifosis. Conclusiones: Casi la mitad de los pacientes presentan cifosis de la columna cervical, y la curvatura de la columna cervical en los pacientes con EIA varía ampliamente. La cifosis torácica, la inclinación T1 y la inclinación cervical son significativamente diferentes entre los subgrupos de pacientes con lordosis o cifosis. Nivel de Evidencia: III; Estudio Observacional y Retrospectivo.

RESUMO Introdução: Nos indivíduos saudáveis e nos pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) a curvatura da coluna cervical apresenta grande variação, sendo que aproximadamente 36-40% dos pacientes com EIA apresentam cifose da coluna cervical. Objetivo: Avaliar a curvatura da coluna cervical nos pacientes com EIA e nos subgrupos, de acordo com a classificação de Lenke (1 a 6). Métodos: Foram avaliados 107 pacientes com EIA quanto a lordose cervical (C2-C7), pelo método de Cobb, subdivididos em dois grupos: lordose e cifose cervical. Foram avaliados e comparados entre os subgrupos os seguintes parâmetros: cifose torácica T5-T12 (TK); lordose lombar L1-S1 (LL), incidência pélvica (PI), eixo sagital vertical (SVA), ângulo T1 pélvico (TPA), lordose cervical C2-C7, lordose cervical C1-C2, inclinação T1 (T1s), inclinação cervical (neck tilt), ângulo entrada torácica (TIA) e eixo cervical sagital (CSVA). Resultados: A cifose da coluna cervical foi observada em 48% dos pacientes. As curvas de classificação de Lenke (1 a 6) não apresentaram diferença com relação à curvatura da coluna cervical. No subgrupo com lordose cervical a cifose torácica e a inclinação de T1 foram significativamente maiores. A inclinação cervical foi significativamente maior no subgrupo com cifose. Conclusões: Quase a metade dos pacientes apresenta cifose da coluna cervical, sendo amplamente variável a curvatura da coluna cervical nos pacientes com EIA. A cifose torácica, a inclinação de T1 e a inclinação cervical são significativamente diferentes entre os subgrupos de pacientes com lordose ou cifose. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo Observacional e Retrospectivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The correlation between sagittal and coronal parameters in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) presents contradictory results and is not fully understood. Objective: To evaluate the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and its correlation with sagittal parameters and the main curve in patients diagnosed with AIS. Methods: 109 patients with AIS and indications for surgical treatment were evaluated. The correlation of the SVA with sagittal parameters (thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, pelvic version, and sacral inclination) and with the main curves (main thoracic and thoracolumbar/lumbar) was evaluated. Results: The SVA ranged from -208 to 66.30 mm (mean -19.64 ± 36.21), above 50 mm in two patients (1.83%). There was no correlation between the sagittal parameters and the magnitude of the main curve and the SVA. Conclusion: The SVA showed great variability in the group of patients with AIS; a small percentage of patients had an SVA greater than 50 mm. The low percentage of patients with sagittal misalignment showed the compensatory capacity of young patients with vertebral deformity. Level of Evidence: III; Observational and Retrospective Study.

RESUMEN Introducción: La correlación entre los parámetros sagitales y coronales en pacientes con escoliosis idiopática del adolescente (EIA) presenta resultados contradictorios y no se comprende completamente. Objetivo: Evaluar el eje vertical sagital (SVA) y su correlación con los parámetros sagitales y la curva principal en pacientes diagnosticados de EIA. Métodos: Se evaluaron 109 pacientes con EIA e indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico. Se evaluó la correlación del SVA con parámetros sagitales (cifosis torácica, lordosis lumbar, incidencia pélvica, lordosis lumbar, versión pélvica e inclinación sacra) y con las curvas principales (torácica principal y toracolumbar/lumbar). Resultados: El SVA osciló entre -208 y 66,30 mm (media -19,64 ± 36,21), siendo superior a 50 mm en dos pacientes (1,83%). No hubo correlación entre los parámetros sagitales o la magnitud de la curva principal y el SVA. Conclusión: El SVA mostró una gran variabilidad en el grupo de pacientes con EIA y un pequeño porcentaje de pacientes presentó una SVA superior a 50 mm. El bajo porcentaje de pacientes con desalineación sagital mostró la capacidad compensatoria de los pacientes jóvenes con deformidad vertebral. Nivel de Evidencia: III; Estudio Observacional y Retrospectivo.

RESUMO Introdução: A correlação entre os parâmetros sagitais e coronais nos pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) apresenta resultados contraditórios e não está totalmente esclarecida. Objetivo: Avaliar o eixo sagital vertical (SVA) e sua correlação com parâmetros sagitais e a curva principal de pacientes com diagnóstico de EIA. Métodos: Foram avaliados 109 pacientes com EIA e indicação de tratamento cirúrgico. Foi avaliada a correlação do SVA com parâmetros sagitais (cifose torácica, lordose lombar, incidência pélvica, lordose lombar, versão pélvica e inclinação do sacro) e com as curvas principais (torácica principal e toracolombar/lombar). Resultados: O SVA variou de -208 a 66,30 mm (média -19,64 ± 36,21), ficando acima de 50 mm em dois pacientes (1,83%). Não foi observada correlação dos parâmetros sagitais e da magnitude da curva principal com o SVA. Conclusão: O SVA apresentou grande variabilidade no grupo de pacientes com EIA e pequena porcentagem dos pacientes apresentaram SVA maior que 50 mm. A baixa porcentagem de pacientes com desalinhamento sagital evidenciou a capacidade compensatória dos pacientes jovens e com deformidade vertebral. Nível de Evidência: III; Estudo Observacional e Retrospectivo.