HIGHLIGHTS Production of lipid nanoemulsions (<100 nm) of industrial interest with low energy demand. The antioxidant properties of babassu oil have been improved and the nanoemulsions are not cytotoxic. Babassu oil is a food and medicinal product. The nanoemulsion is strategic for the developed of new antioxidants phytotherapeutics.

Abstract Andirobeira is an Amazonian tree, the seeds of which produce a commercially valuable oil that is used in folk medicine and in the cosmetic industry. Andiroba oil contains components with anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing and insect-repellant actions. However, virtually nothing is known of the safety of this oil for humans. The aim of this work was therefore to investigate the hematotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of andiroba oil using the comet and micronucleus assays, and to assess its antioxidant properties and lipidome as a means of addressing safety issues. For the experiments, andiroba oil was administered by gavage for 14 consecutive days in nulliparous female Swiss mice randomly distributed in four groups: negative control and three doses of oil (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day). These doses were chosen based on recommendations of the OECD guideline no. 474 (1997). GC/MS was used to investigate the free fatty acid, cholesterol and triterpene content of andiroba oil in a lipidomic analysis. No clinical or behavioral alterations were observed throughout the period of treatment, and exposure to andiroba oil at the doses and conditions used here did not result in hematotoxic, genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Tests in vitro showed that oil sample 3 from southwestern of Brazilian Amazon had a high antioxidant capacity that may protect biological systems from oxidative stress, although this activity remains to be demonstrated in vivo.

El uso de nanopartículas magnéticas (MNPS) en los vehículos de suministro de fármacos debe abordar cuestiones como la capacidad de carga de las drogas, el perfil deseado de liberación, estabilidad de la dispersión acuosa, biocompatibilidad con las células, tejidos y la conservación o la modificación de las propiedades magnéticas después de la interacción con macromoléculas y/o reacciones químicas. La anfotericina B (AnB) continua siendo la primera opción para el tratamiento de la paracoccidioidomicosis grave, una importante infección sistémica causada por el hongo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Sin embargo, la AnB causa efectos secundarios agudos (principalmente problemas urinarios) tras la administración intravenosa, limitando su uso clínico. El uso de nanopartículas magnéticas estabilizadas con sustancias biocompatibles y conjugadas con fármacos, se ha convertido en una nueva estrategia nanotecnológica para el tratamiento de enfermedades en sitios específicos, como los pulmones en paracoccidoidiodomycosis. En esta revisión se hace una descripción general de la enfermedad, su agente etiológico y su tratamiento con énfasis en la principales estrategias para mejorar el uso de AnB en nanoformulaciones.

The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in drug delivery vehicles must address issues such as drugloading capacity, desired release profile, aqueous dispersion stability, biocompatibility with cells and tissue, and retention of magnetic properties after interaction with macromolecules or modification via chemical reactions. Amphotericin B (AmB) is still the first choice for the treatment of severe paracoccidioidomycosis, an important systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidoides brasiliensis. Unfortunately, AmB causes acute side effects (mainly urinary problems) following intravenous administration, which limits its clinical use. The use of magnetic nanoparticles stabilized with biocompatible substances, together with the possibility of their conjugation with drugs has become a new nanotechnological strategy in the treatment of diseases for drug delivery to specific locations, such as the lungs in paracoccidoidiodomycosis. This review provides an overview of the disease, its etiologic agent and treatment with emphasis on the main strategies to improve the use of AmB in nanoformulations.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OJETIVOS: Avaliação da contaminação dos aparelhos de anestesia por meio de coletas de 56 amostras para cultura no sistema circular do aparelho de anestesia, em traqueias previamente reprocessadas por desinfecção com hipoclorito à 1% ou glutaraldeído à 2% , após lavagem com sabão e água não estéreis, secas com jato de ar comprimido e armazenadas em papel com grau cirúrgico, e em outros locais do circuito respiratório não reprocessados, antes dos procedimentos anestésicos. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas culturas de amostras das traqueias dos ramos inspiratórios, ramos expiratórios, canister, cal sodada e frasco coletor (dreno), em swab com meio Stuart e semeadas em meio de cultura Agar sangue, Mac Conkey e Sabouraud. RESULTADOS: Nas traqueias reprocessadas dos ramos inspiratórios e expiratórios dos aparelhos de anestesia, o nível de contaminação em alguns sítios foi de até 39,3%, com a presença de fungos e bactérias e, em alguns casos, com a presença de mais de um micro-organismo sendo 75% da contaminação de fungos e 25% de bactérias. Foi encontrada cultura positiva para Candida sp., Dermatophytus sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticcu e Staphylococcus epidermidis. No canister houve contaminação em 25% com o crescimento de Candida sp., Penicillium sp., Dermatophytus sp., Aspergillus sp. e Fusarium sp. No frasco coletor, observou-se a contaminação de 36% das amostras analisadas com crescimento de Candida sp., Dermatophytus sp., Staphilocccus saprophyticus e Acinetobacter bauman nii. Nas culturas da cal sodada não houve crescimento de micro-organismos. CONCLUSÕES: Em todos os pontos analisados, com exceção da cal sodada, houve crescimento de micro-organismos com a possibilidade de haver contaminação cruzada.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of contamination of anesthesia circuits by collecting 56 culture samples from the circular system; previously reprocessed tracheas by disinfection with 1% hypochlorite or 2% glutaraldehyde after being washed in non-sterile water and soap and dried by using compressed air and stored in surgical grade paper; and from other places of the non-reprocessed respiratory circuit, before anesthetic procedures. METHODS: Samples from the inspiratory and expiratory branches of the tracheas, canister, soda-lime, and collector jar (drain) through swab in Stuart medium and streaked in Agar blood, Mac Conkey, and Sabouraud growth media. RESULTS: The level of contamination with fungus and bacteria in the inspiratory and expiratory branches of tracheas reached up to 39.3% in some sites; in some cases, more than one microorganism was present, 75% fungal and 25% bacterial contamination. Cultures were positive for Candida sp., Dermatophytus sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus epider midis. Contamination was observed in 25% of the canisters with growth of Candida sp., Penicillium sp., Dermatophytus sp., Aspergillus sp., and Fusarium sp. In the collector jar, a contamination rate of 36% was observed with growth of Candida sp., Dermatophytus sp., S. saprophyticus and Acinetobacter baumannii. Microorganisms did not grow in soda-lime cultures. CONCLUSIONS: In all sites investigated except for soda-lime growth of microorganisms was observed with the possibility of cross infection.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la contaminación de los aparatos de anestesia a través de recolecciones de 56 muestras para cultivo en el sistema circular del aparato de anestesia, en traqueas previamente reprocesadas por desinfección con hipoclorito al 1% o glutaraldehido al 2%, después del lavado con jabón y agua no estériles, secadas con chorro de aire comprimido y almacenadas en papel quirúrgico, y en otros locales del circuito respiratorio no reprocesados, antes de los procedimientos anestésicos. MÉTODO: Fueron realizados cultivos de muestras de las traqueas de los ramos inspiratorios, ramos espiratorios, caníster, cal sodada y frasco recolector (dreno), a través de swab con medio Stuart, y sembradas entre los cultivos Agar sangre, Mac Conkey y Sabouraud. RESULTADOS: En las traqueas reprocesadas de los ramos inspiratorios y espiratorios de los aparatos de anestesia, el nivel de contaminación en algunos sitios fue de hasta un 39,3%, con la presencia de hongos y bacterias, siendo que en algunos casos había más de un microorganismo, un 75% de la contaminación por hongos y un 25% de bacterias. Se encontró un cultivo positivo para Candida sp., Dermatophytus sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus y Staphylococcus epidermidis. En el caníster, hubo contaminación en un 25%, con el aumento de Candida sp., Penicillium sp., Dermatophytus sp., Aspergillus sp. y Fusarium sp. En el frasco recolector, se observó la contaminación de un 36% de las muestras analizadas, con un crecimiento de Candida sp., Dermatofitus sp., S. saprophyticcus y Acinetobacter baumannii. En los cultivos de la cal sodada no hubo crecimiento de microorganismos. CONCLUSIONES: En todos los puntos analizados, con excepción de la cal sodada, hubo un aumento de los microorganismos, con la posibilidad de contaminación cruzada.

La incidencia del cáncer de cabeza y cuello es aproximadamente 640.000 casos nuevos por año. El cáncer oral representa un tercio de todos los cánceres y es el octavo más diagnosticado en hombres. Los tratamientos más usados para estos tumores son la cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, o una combinación de estas modalidades terapéuticas. Debido al gran deterioro estructural, funcional y estético que causan los tratamientos convencionales, muchos estudios buscan nuevos métodos para remplazar o asistir el tratamiento del cáncer oral. La terapia fotodinámica (PDT) es una nueva modalidad promisoria en el tratamiento del cáncer que apenas está siendo usada clínicamente. Este artículo describe el uso de PDT como una alternativa para el tratamiento del cáncer oral. Salud UIS 2010; 42: 167-174

The worldwide incidence of head and neck cancer is, approximately, 640,000 new cases per year. Oral cancer accounts for one third of all cancers and it is the eighth most diagnosed in men. The most used treatments for these tumors are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these therapeutic modalities. Due to the large structural, functional and aesthetic impairment that conventional treatments cause, many studies seek new methods to replace or to assist the treatment of oral cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new modality of cancer treatment that is already being used clinically. This article describes the use of PDT as an alternative for the treatment of oral cancer. Salud UIS 2010; 42: 167-174.

A distração osteogênica é uma forma de engenharia de tecidos na qual a separação gradual de margens ósseas cirurgicamente seccionadas resulta na geração de novo osso, cujo processo geral de regeneração é similar à ossificação intramembranosa. A técnica ganhou muitas aplicações na região dentofacial que variam da movimentação dentária a avanços da mandíbula ou da face média. Esse artigo revisa a literatura sobre o assunto com o objetivo de proporcionar ao ortodontista e ao cirurgião bucomaxilofacial uma abordagem atualizada das características biológicas e clínicas dessa técnica.

Distraction osteogenesis is a tissue engineering technique in which the gradual separation of surgically sectioned bone edges results in the generation of new bone. The basic regeneration process is similar to intramembranous ossification. A great number of applications has been found for it in the dentofacial complex, ranging from tooth distraction to midface advancement. This article reviews the literature regarding distraction osteogenesis with the aim of providing the orthodontist and oral surgeon an updated approach to the clinical and biological aspects of this technique.