RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) apresenta sinais clínicos e sintomas envolvendo músculos mastigadores, articulação temporomandibular (ATM) e estruturas associadas, não incide igualitariamente em todas as pessoas e todos os indivíduos não são igualmente suscetíveis a mesma. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar sinais e sintomas presentes em indivíduos com DTM. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal retrospectivo em 471 indivíduos portadores de DTM, 394 mulheres e 77 homens, a partir de dados obtidos de fichas clínicas, exames de diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes atendidos na Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no período de 2000 a 2017. RESULTADOS: Dados mostraram que 84% dos indivíduos foram mulheres. A faixa etária mais prevalente foi dos 20-39 anos (45%, p<0,01). As queixas principais relatadas foram dor na ATM (29,9%, p<0,01) para ambos os sexos e dor facial (18%, p<0,01). Os sinais e sintomas mais presentes foram dor muscular, dor na ATM, dor facial e estalidos em mulheres e hábitos parafuncionais em homens, seguidos por limitação de abertura bucal e cefaleia tensional. A maioria dos pacientes eram dentados (58%, p<0,01), seguidos pelos edentados parciais (30%, p<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados encontrados evidenciaram elevada prevalência da DTM e a importância da sua prevenção com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar da população.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The temporomandibular disorder (TMD) comprises clinical signs and symptoms involving masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures, does not affect all people equally, and all individuals are not equally susceptible to it. The aim of this study was to investigate signs and symptoms present in individuals with TMD. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 471 individuals with TMD, 394 women and 77 men, based on data from clinical records, diagnostic exams and treatment of patients seen at the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, from 2000 to 2017. RESULTS: Data showed that 84% of the individuals were women. The most prevalent age group was 20-39 years old (45%, p<0.01). The most reported main complaints were TMJ pain (29.9%, p<0.01) for both genders, and facial pain (18%, p<0.01). The most common signs and symptoms were muscle pain, TMJ pain, facial pain and clicks in women and parafunctional habits in men, followed by limited mouth opening and tension headache. Dentate patients were the majority in the study (58%, p<0.01), followed by partial edentates (30%, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The data found showed a high prevalence of TMD and the importance of its prevention in order to improve the health and well-being of the population.

This article describes the use of a projection spectrograph based on an overhead projector for use in classroom demonstrations on light polarization and optical activity. A simple adaptation on a previously developed apparatus allows illustrating several aspects of optical activity, such as circular and linear birefringence, including their wavelength dependence. Specifically, we use the projection spectrograph to demonstrate the optical activity of an aqueous solution of sugar (circular birefringence), of a quartz plate and of an overhead projector transparence film (linear birefringence). A historical survey about the optical activity discovery and the main principles involved is also presented.

O presente estudo avaliou, in vitro, as alterações térmicas na superfície externa radicular de dentes submetidos à instrumentação rotatória com quatro sistemas diferentes. Um total de 20 incisivos laterais superiores humanos foram divididos em 4 grupos e instrumentados com os sistemas ProFile, MicroMega, Quantec ou K³, sendo as variações térmicas da superfície radicular registradas por meio de 3 pares termoelétricos acoplados aos terços cervical, médio e apical das raízes dos dentes. Variações médias de temperatura não superiores a 0.4ºC ± 1.0ºC foram registradas (sistema ProFile), o que indica que estes instrumentos são seguros do ponto de vista biológico aos tecidos periodontais circunjacentes.

The present study evaluated, in vitro, the temperature alterations on the external root surface during instrumentation with four different rotary systems. A total of 20 extracted human maxillary lateral incisors were instrumented using either the ProFile, MicroMega, Quantec or K³ systems and the thermal alterations on the root surface were recorded by means of three thermocouples attached to the coronal, middle and apical portions of the root. Mean temperature increases no higher than 0.4ºC ± 1.0ºC (ProFile system) were recorded, which indicates that these instruments are safe for the surrounding periodontal tissues.