ABSTRACT Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women globally. Healthy eating, a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet (MD), has been associated with a lower risk of developing BC, although this relationship remains inconclusive. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between MD adherence and the risk of BC development. A case-control study was carried out with 181 women divided into two groups: with BC (n= 90) and without breast cancer (WBC) (n= 91). Clinical and reproductive aspects were investigated through interviews, and food consumption was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to the MD was evaluated using the MD score. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS® software, with p<0.05. The results showed that the main type of breast carcinoma was invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for oestrogen or progesterone receptors. The mean MD score was 4.08 ± 1.61 and 4.22 ± 1.69 among women with BC and without BC, respectively, with no difference between the groups. The risk assessment of BC with respect to adherence to MD showed no significant difference after adjustments were made in the logistic regression models. In conclusion, this study showed that women with and without breast cancer had “medium adherence” to MD, with no difference between the groups. In the group of women investigated, adherence to MD did not affect the risk of developing the disease.

RESUMEN El cáncer de mama (CM) es la neoplasia más frecuente entre las mujeres del mundo, y la alimentación saludable, característica del patrón de la dieta mediterránea (DM), se ha asociado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar CM, aunque esta relación sigue sin ser concluyente. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre la adherencia a la DM y el riesgo para el desarrollo de CM. Estudio de casos y controles realizados con 181 mujeres divididas en dos grupos: con cáncer de mama (n=90) y sin cáncer de mama (SCM; n= 91). Los aspectos clínicos y reproductivos se evaluaron a través de una entrevista; consumo de alimentos a través del cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (FFQ) y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea evaluada según la puntuación de DM. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el software SPSS®, considerando valores significativos de p<0,05. Los resultados mostraron que el principal tipo de carcinoma de mama fue el carcinoma ductal invasivo, positivo para el receptor de estrógenos y progesterona. La puntuación media de DM fue de 4,08 ± 1,61 entre las mujeres con CM y de 4,22 ± 1,69 entre las que no tenían la enfermedad, sin diferencia entre los grupos. La evaluación del riesgo de CM en relación con la adherencia a la DM mostró que, después de ajustes en los modelos de regresión logística, no hubo diferencia significativa. En conclusión, el estudio muestra que las mujeres con y sin CM tuvieron “adherencia media” a la DM, sin diferencia entre los grupos. También mostró que, en el grupo de mujeres investigadas, la adherencia a la DM no influyó en el riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad.

Resumo Identificar as justificativas apresentadas pelos gestores estaduais e do Distrito Federal para as irregularidades observadas na utilização dos recursos federais destinados ao combate do Aedes aegypti. Tendo por base a Teoria da Atribuição, que postula que os indivíduos indicam causas percebidas para os eventos com base em suas informações, suas crenças e suas motivações pessoais, foram analisados 27 relatórios referentes às fiscalizações realizadas durante 2016 nos 26 estados e no Distrito Federal no âmbito do Programa de Fiscalização em Entes Federativos (PFEF). A interpretação dos relatórios foi realizada por meio da análise de conteúdo, de estatísticas descritivas e do teste de Mann-Whitney. De modo geral, os resultados indicaram que a ocorrência de irregularidades classificadas nas categorias “Desempenho”, “Infraestrutura” e “Licitações e Contratos” foram frequentes. Ademais, observou-se que, independentemente do tipo de irregularidade observado, a justificativa dos gestores estaduais para eventos negativos tende a ser pautada em causas externas, principalmente se o ato irregular for associado a uma possibilidade de corrupção. Essa tendência de comportamento ocorre independentemente do nível de desempenho dos gestores estaduais. Os resultados indicam que o viés autosservidor dos gestores em relação às suas irregularidades pode constituir um desafio à consecução dos objetivos do programa de combate ao mosquito Aedes aegypti, pois estes tendem a não destacar os fatores internos que afetam seus resultados.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the justifications presented by managers operating at the state level in Brazil for irregularities observed in the execution of federal resources destined to combat Aedes aegypti. According to the attribution theory, individuals allocate causes perceived for events based on their knowledge, beliefs, and personal motivations. The theory was used to analyze 27 reports on the inspections carried out within the scope of the Inspection Program in Federative Entities (IPFE) during 2016 in the 26 Brazilian states and the federal district. The attribution theory was adopted to analyze 27 reports on the inspections carried out within the scope of the Inspection Program in Federative Entities (IPFE) during 2016 in the 26 Brazilian states and the federal district. The reports were examined through content analysis, descriptive statistics, and the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed the frequent occurrence of irregularities classified in the categories performance, infrastructure, and public procurement and contracts. Furthermore, regardless of the type of irregularity observed, the state managers’ justification tends to point to external causes, especially if the irregularity is associated with corruption. This behavior occurs regardless of the state managers’ performance. These results indicate that managers’ self-serving bias concerning irregularities can be a challenge to achieve the objectives of the Aedes aegypti mosquito control program since internal factors affecting the program’s outcomes are not highlighted.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las justificaciones presentadas por los administradores de los estados y del Distrito Federal ante las irregularidades observadas en la implementación de los recursos federales destinados a combatir el Aedes aegypti. Con base en la teoría de la atribución, que postula que los individuos indican las causas percibidas de los eventos en función de su información, sus creencias y sus motivaciones personales, se analizaron 27 informes sobre las inspecciones realizadas durante 2016 en los 26 estados y el Distrito Federal dentro del alcance del Programa de Inspección de Entidades Federales (PFEF). Los informes fueron interpretados mediante análisis de contenido, estadísticas descriptivas y el test de Mann-Whitney. En general, los resultados indicaron que la ocurrencia de irregularidades clasificadas en las categorías “Rendimiento”, “Infraestructura” y “Licitaciones y contratos” era frecuente. Además, se observó que, independientemente del tipo de irregularidad observada, la justificación de los gestores estatales para eventos negativos tiende a basarse en causas externas, especialmente si el acto irregular está asociado a una posibilidad de corrupción. Esta tendencia de comportamiento se da independientemente del nivel de desempeño de los administradores estatales. Estos resultados indican que el sesgo egoísta de los gestores en relación a sus irregularidades puede ser un desafío para lograr los objetivos del programa de control del mosquito Aedes aegypti, ya que tienden a no resaltar los factores internos que afectan sus resultados.

Abstract The use of polymer blends and composites based on fossil-based and bio-based polymers has become an important environmentally protective alternative for common use and disposable plastics applications such as packaging, bottles and trays. The disposal of these more degradable products, however, may also harm the environment and, therefore, recycling these systems becomes relevant. Recycling involves reprocessing which can significantly change the morphology and properties of polymeric products. Therefore, this study deals with the effects of reprocessing cycles on the properties and morphology of blends and nanocomposites based on fossil and bio-based polymers. The systems investigated were: a) neat polypropylene (PP), b) a polypropylene/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PP/PHB) blend and c) PP/PHB/organoclay nanocomposite compatibilized with polypropylene-g-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and erucamide. These materials were submitted to up to seven extrusion cycles in a single screw extruder operating at 60 rpm. Samples were taken after the first, third, fifth and seventh extrusion cycles and their tensile properties and morphology were determined. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that two phases were observed in the blend which showed spherical PHB domains. The addition of clay, PP-g-MA and erucamide improved the adhesion between the nanocomposites components. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that crystallinity tended to increase with the number of reprocessing cycles for all systems investigated up to the fifth cycle and then tended to decrease. A 10% crystallinity increase was observed for neat PP in the fifth cycle. In general, the tensile properties of all systems decreased with reprocessing and the highest losses were observed for the PP/PHB blend after seven processing cycles with 50% and 37% decreases in stress at break and elastic modulus, respectively. Impact strength of the PP matrix and of the PP/PHB blend tended to decrease with reprocessing, except for the nanocomposite which showed a slight increase especially after the seventh processing cycle in which an 18% increase in impact strength was observed.

RESUMO Entre os métodos utilizados para a restauração de áreas alteradas, tem-se o plantio de mudas arbóreas nativas como um dos mais tradicionais. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a sobrevivência e o crescimento de mudas de Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos e Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan, em área alterada, de acordo com o recipiente utilizado na produção das mudas em viveiro e do uso de mulching no plantio, por meio de atributos morfológicos e fisiológicos. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 2x2, considerando tipos de recipientes na produção das mudas (saco plástico e tubete) e presença ou ausência de mulching no entorno das mudas no plantio. As três espécies apresentaram médias de sobrevivência semelhantes aos 24 meses. As taxas entre os tratamentos foram 72,5; 85,0 e 80,0%, respectivamente. Obteve-se efeito positivo do uso de saco plástico para incremento em altura (IncH) e em diâmetro coleto (IncDC), área da copa (AC) e massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) para C. sylvestris e H. heptaphyllus, enquanto para P. rigida, o uso do saco plástico favoreceu à AC e MSPA. A presença de mulching favoreceu os atributos IncH, IncDC, AC e MSPA de H. heptaphyllus, bem como a AC e a MSPA de C. sylvestris. Quanto aos parâmetros fisiológicos (níveis relativos de clorofila a e b e fluorescência de clorofila a), não foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos testados. Indica-se que mudas de C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus e P. rigida, para plantio em área antropizada, sejam produzidas em recipiente saco plástico de 1,5 L visando maior crescimento a campo. Além disso, no plantio de C. sylvestris e H. heptaphyllus deve-se utilizar o mulching para favorecer seu crescimento.

ABSTRACT Among the methods used for the restoration of altered areas, the planting of native tree seedlings is one of the most traditional ones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival and initial growth of Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos and Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan seedlings in altered areas, according to containers used in nursery seedlings production and use of mulching on planting, using morphological and physiological attributes. The experiment was conducted in a 2x2 factorial scheme. The type of containers used (plastic bag and tube) was considered, and the presence or absence of mulching around the seedlings. The three species presented similar survival averages at 24 months. The rates between the treatments were 72.5; 85.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The use of plastic bags had a positive impact on the height (IncH) and stem collar (IncDC), crown area (CA) and shoot dry mass (SDM) for C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus, while for P. rigida, the use of plastic bags favored the CA and the SDM. The presence of mulching favored the attributes IncH, IncDC, AC, and MSPA of H. heptaphyllus, as well as CA and SDM of C. sylvestris. Regarding the physiological parameters (relative levels of chlorophyll a and b and fluorescence of chlorophyll a), no difference was observed between the treatments tested. It is recommended that for the planting of seedlings of C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus, and P. rigida, in altered areas by anthropization, they be produced in a 1.5 L plastic bag, aiming at greater field growth. Also, in the planting of C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus the mulching should be used to favor their growth.

Abstract Objective the aim of this study was to describe the frequency of psychosocial diagnoses in a large sample of patients attending a tertiary clinic for treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Material and Methods six hundred and ninety-one patients who sought treatment for pain-related TMD were selected. Chronic pain-related disability (Graded Chronic Pain Scale, GCPS), depression [Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale for depression, DEP] and somatization levels (SCL-90 scale for non-specific physical symptoms, SOM) were evaluated through the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) Axis II psychosocial assessment; TMD diagnoses were based on the Axis I criteria. Results the majority of patients presented a low disability or no disability at all, with only a small portion of individuals showing a severely limiting, high disability pain-related impairment (4.3%). On the other hand, abnormal scores of depression and somatization were high, with almost half of the individuals having moderate-to-severe levels of depression and three-fourths presenting moderate-to-severe levels of somatization. The prevalence of high pain-related disability (GCPS grades III or IV), severe/moderate depression and somatization was 14.3%, 44% and 74.1% respectively. Gender differences in scores of SCL-DEP (p=0.031) and SCL-SOM (p=0.001) scales were signficant, with females presenting the highest percentage of abnormal values. Conclusion patients with TMD frequently present an emotional profile with low disability, high intensity pain-related impairment, and high to moderate levels of somatization and depression. Therefore, given the importance of psychosocial issues at the prognostic level, it is recommended that clinical trials on TMD treatment include an evaluation of patients’ psychosocial profiles.

BACKGROUND Serological evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection has been reported in different regions of Brazil from equine and human hosts but the virus had never been isolated in the country. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify the viral etiology of equine encephalitis in Espírito Santo state. METHODS We performed viral culture in C6/36 cells, molecular detection of WNV genome, histopathology and immunohistochemistry from horse cerebral tissue. We also carried out sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and molecular clock. FINDINGS Histopathologic analysis from horse cerebral tissue showed injury related to encephalitis and WNV infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The virus was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from brain tissue and subsequently isolated in C6/36 cells. WNV full-length genome was sequenced showing the isolated strain belongs to lineage 1a. The molecular clock indicated that Brazilian WNV strain share the same common ancestor that were circulating in US during 2002-2005. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Here we report the first isolation of WNV in Brazil from a horse with neurologic disease, which was clustered into lineage 1a with others US WNV strains isolated in beginning of 2000’s decade.

ABSTRACT Conservation units are legally protected areas containing natural fragments of Brazilian biomes. They may contain forest areas and can be found near to urban areas, which exposes them to pollutants. The Cicuta Forest Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE) is located in Volta Redonda and Barra Mansa-RJ, cities with industrial activity and near to the President Dutra Highway (BR 116), which connects the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. This study aimed to analyze the seasonal variability of the trace elements Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn and Ni in relation to soil depth in this ARIE, using the slice-wise algorithm to divide-up the soil data into 1 cm thick layers. The results show differences between sampling sites and seasonal variation by depth for trace elements. The highest Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations in the areas bordering the forest show that forest conservation minimized anthropic impact.

ResumoO propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de suportes externos de tornozelo na propriocepção e equilíbrio dinâmico em atletas de voleibol. Dezessete atletas de voleibol (18,94±2,49 anos; 65,45±9,49 kg; 1,71±0,05 m; IMC=22,0±2,67 kg/m²) foram analisadas. O equilíbrio dinâmico foi avaliado por meio do Star Excursion Balance Test(SEBT). Comparações foram realizadas entre os modos de estabilização (Sem Estabilizador/SE, Órtese/ORT e Bandagem Funcional/BF) e as linhas da grade do SEBT e comparação inter-membros. A avaliação do SEBT mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p < 0,01), SE x ORT e SE x BF e entre as linhas (p< 0,01), além de interação linha/membro, no MD e MND (p < 0,01). Os suportes externos testados (ORT e BF) se comportaram de forma semelhante, restringindo o alcance do membro inferior na execução do SEBT em algumas das direções testadas.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ankle external supports on proprioception and dynamic balance in volleyball players. Seventeen female volleyball players (18.94±2.49 years; 65.45±9.49 kg; 1.71±0.05 m; BMI=22.0±2.67 kg/m²) took part in this study. The dynamic balance was assessed through the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Comparisons between stabilization (no stabilizer/NS, orthosis/ORT and functional bandaging/FB) modes and the SEBT grid lines and inter-limb were carried out. The SEBT assessment showed a significant difference between the groups NS x ORT and NS x FB (p < .01), and between the lines (p< .01). Significant line/limb interaction in DL and NDL (p< .01) was detected. The external supports tested herein showed similar effects on balance, restricting lower limb's reach in the SEBT execution in some of tested directions.

ResumenEl propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de los apoyos externos de tobillo en la propiocepción y el equilibrio dinámico en atletas de voleibol. Diecisiete jugadores de voleibol (18,94±2,49 años; 65,45±9,49 kg, 1,71±0,05 m, IMC=22,0±2,67 kg/m²). El equilibrio dinámico fue evaluado por el Star Excursion Balance Test(SEBT). Comparación de los modos de estabilización (Si Estabilizador/SE, Ortesis/ORT y Vendaje Funcional/VF) y las líneas de cuadrícula SEBT, y inter-miembros se fuera realizado. Evaluación del SEBT mostró una diferencia significativa entre los grupos (p< 0,01), SE x ORT, SE x BF y entre líneas (p < 0,01), además de la interacción línea/miembro en el MD y MND (p < 0,01). Los medios de estabilización externa probados (ORT x BF) se comportaron de manera similar, lo que restringe el alcance de las extremidades inferiores en la ejecución del SEBT en algunas de las direcciones probadas.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Comparar a relação entre indicadores antropométricos e triglicerídeos séricos e identificar os indicadores mais associados à hipertrigliceridemia em idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com 316 idosos (> 60 anos), em 2011. Foram verificados os triglicerídeos (sistema Accutrend(r) Plus), o índice de massa corporal, a razão cintura-quadril, a razão cintura-estatura, o índice de conicidade, o índice de adiposidade corporal, a dobra cutânea tricipital e as circunferências da cintura e da panturrilha. RESULTADOS: As análises de regressão linear mostraram que a razão cintura-quadril (6,5%), nas mulheres e o índice de massa corporal (12,3%), nos homens, foram os indicadores que mais explicaram a variabilidade dos triglicerídeos. A regressão de Poisson mostrou que o índice de massa corporal, a circunferência da panturrilha e a dobra cutânea tricipital foram os indicadores associados a hipertrigliceridemia (triglicérides > 150 mg/dl), no sexo feminino. Para os homens, à exceção da razão cintura-quadril e do índice de conicidade, os demais indicadores foram associados à hipertrigliceridemia. CONCLUSÕES: Os indicadores antropométricos que melhor discriminam a variabilidade dos triglicerídeos diferem entre os sexos. O índice de massa corporal, a circunferência da panturrilha e a dobra cutânea tricipital se destacam como os melhores indicadores antropométricos para hipertrigliceridemia em idosos de ambos os sexos.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the relation between anthropometric indicators and serum triglycerides, and to identify the indicators most strongly associated with hypertriglyceridemia in older adults. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study conducted with 316 subjects (> 60 years old) in 2011. The following were checked: triglycerides, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, conicity index, body adiposity index, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist and calf circumference. RESULTS: Linear regression analyses showed that waist-to-hip ration (R2 = 0.065) in women and body mass index (R2 = 0.123) in men were the indicators that best correlated with triglyceride. Poisson's regression showed that body mass index, calf circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness were the only indicators associated with hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides > 150 mg/dl) among female subjects. For male subjects, with the exception of waist-to-hip ratio and the conicity index, all other indicators were associated with hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSION: The anthropometric indicators that best explain the variability of triglyceride differ according to sex. Body mass index, calf circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness are the best anthropometric indicators for hypertriglyceridemia in older adults of both sexes.

Garcinia brasiliensis, popularly known as Bacupari, is native to the Amazon and commonly used in folk medicine for its therapeutic properties. This plant is rich in bioactive compounds like benzophenones. However, there are no works about the in vitro establishment and achievement of secondary metabolites in this plant. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the growth curve and to perform the biochemical and phytochemical analyses in calli obtained from the procambium segments of Bacupari. The growth curve of calli followed a sigmoidal pattern, with four distinct phases (lag, exponential, linear, deceleration). Total soluble sugars were higher on the inoculation day and the reducing sugars on the 20 th day. Amino acids increased from the 60 th day up to the stabilization on the 120 th day. The protein content varied, but it seemed to be related to the amino acids metabolism. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the calli and the HPLC analysis allowed the identification of Fukugetin, Guttiferone A and 7-epiclusianone.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação do estado nutricional com fatores sociodemográficos, estilo de vida e condições de saúde em idosos de dois municípios de regiões distintas do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico transversal, de base domiciliar, envolvendo 477 e 316 idosos (> 60 anos) dos municípios de Antônio Carlos (AC-SC) e Lafaiete Coutinho (LC-BA), respectivamente. O estado nutricional foi verificado usando-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC). As variáveis explanatórias do estudo foram: sexo, idade, escolaridade, arranjo familiar, ocupação ao longo da vida, tabagismo, consumo de álcool, tempo sentado, hipertensão, diabetes, artrose, doenças respiratórias e uso de medicamentos. Utilizou-se análise de regressão logística (bruta e ajustada). RESULTADOS: O baixo peso (IMC < 22,0 kg/m²) foi mais frequente entre os idosos de LC-BA (28,9% vs. 8,2%) e o excesso de peso (IMC > 27,0 kg/m²) foi mais prevalente entre os indivíduos de AC-SC (52,8% vs. 28,2%). Em AC-SC, o baixo peso foi positivamente associado ao grupo etário mais velho (> 75 anos) e aos fumantes, e inversamente associado ao maior tempo sentado (> 6h/dia). O excesso de peso foi positivamente associado ao maior tempo sentado, à hipertensão e à artrose, e inversamente associado aos idosos mais velhos, ao sexo masculino, ao trabalho na zona rural e ao consumo de álcool. Em LC-BA, nenhuma variável explanatória foi associada ao baixo peso. O excesso de peso foi positivamente associado à hipertensão e inversamente associado aos idosos de 75 anos e mais e ao fato de viverem sozinhos. CONCLUSÃO: O baixo peso foi mais prevalente em LC-BA e o excesso de peso em AC-SC. Os fatores associados ao estado nutricional são específicos a cada município.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association of nutritional status with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and health status in elderly individuals from two cities in different regions of Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional epidemiological home-based study, involving 477 and 316 elderly individuals (> 60 years) from the towns of Antônio Carlos (AC-SC) and Lafaiete Coutinho (LC-BA), respectively. Nutritional status was verified using the body mass index (BMI). Explanatory variables in the study were gender, age, level of schooling, living arrangements, lifelong occupation, smoking status, alcohol consumption, time spent sitting, hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, respiratory diseases, and medications. Logistic regression analyses were used (crude and adjusted). RESULTS: Underweight (BMI < 22.0 kg/m²) was more frequent among the elderly from LC-BA (28.9% vs. 8.2%), and overweight (BMI > 27.0 kg/m²) was more prevalent among individuals from AC-SC (52.8% vs. 28.2%). In AC-SC, underweigth was positively associated with older age (> 75 years) and smoking, and inversely associated with longer periods spent sitting (> 6 hrs/day). Overweigth was positively associated with longer periods spent sitting, hypertension, and arthritis, and inversely associated with older age, male gender, working in rural areas, and alcohol consumption. In LC-BA, no explanatory variable was associated with underweigth. Overweigth was positively associated with hypertension, and inversely associated with individuals aged > 75 years, and with living alone. CONCLUSION: Underweigth was more prevalent in LC-BA and overweight was more prevalent in AC-SC. Factors associated with nutritional status are specific to each municipality.