Throughout Brazil, Cryptococcus neoformans is the cause of cryptococcosis, whereas Cryptococcus gattii is endemic to the northern and northeastern states. In this study, the molecular types of 63 cryptococcal isolates recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients diagnosed between 2008-2010 in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, were analysed. Out of the 63 patients, 37 (58.7%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 26 (41.3%) were HIV-negative. URA5-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis identified 37/63 (58.7%) isolates as the C. neoformans VNI genotype, predominantly in HIV-positive patients (32/37, 86.5%), and 24/63 (38.1%) as the C. gattii VGII genotype, mostly in HIV-negative patients (21/26, 80.8%). The occurrence of C. gattii VGII in six apparently healthy children and in seven adolescents/young adults in this region reaffirms the endemic occurrence of C. gattii VGII-induced primary cryptococcosis and early cryptococcal infection. Lethality occurred in 18/37 (48.6%) of the HIV-positive subjects and in 13/26 (50%) of the HIV-negative patients. Our results provide new information on the molecular epidemiology of C. neoformans and C. gattii in Brazilian endemic areas.

Este artigo trata de conflitos entre o absolutismo e o constitucionalismo tanto em Portugal como no Brasil; a província Pernambuco, entretanto, enfrenta problemas entre o constitucionalismo defendido pelo regente Pedro, no Rio de Janeiro, e o constitucionalismo dos vintistas portugueses. Os revolucionários sobreviventes de 1817 retornam ao poder dentro de uma perspectiva constitucionalista, mas monárquica.

This article is about the conflicts between absolutism and constitutionalism, both in Portugal and in Brazil. Pernambuco, in its turn, faced problems concerning the constitutionalism defended by the Regent Pedro, in Rio de Janeiro, and the constitutionalism of the twenties in Portugal. The revolutionaries of Pernambuco who survived the conflicts of 1817, take back the power in 1821, within a constitutionalist yet monarquist perspective.

Cet article étudie les conflits entre l'absolutisme et le constitutionalisme au Portugal et au Brésil. La province de Pernambouc affronte alors des problèmes entre le constitutionalisme soutenu par le Régent Pedro, à Rio de Janeiro, et le constitutionalisme des portugais des années vingt. Les révolutionnaires rescapés de 1817 reviennent au pouvoir avec une perspective constitutionnelle, mais monarchique.