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Abstract Candida is becoming more resistant to conventional treatments, and causes persistent and severe infections. This study evaluates the antifungal and virulence activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus niruri (HE-Pn) on Candida. HE-Pn was prepared by maceration technique. Chemical composition of HE-Pn was determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GS-MS). Antifungal screening was done using agar well diffusion. CLSI M27-A3 was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory (MIC) and Fungicidal Concentrations (MFC). Effects of HE-Pn on adhesion and germ tube of C. albicans (ATCC MYA-2876) were determined using XTT assay and germ tube formation assay, respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was performed to visualize the post-exposure cellular changes. HE-Pn cytotoxicity was determined using human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Chlorhexidine digluconate (2 mg/mL) was used as the positive control. Linolenic acid ethyl ester was the most abundant chemical component of HE-Pn. All strains tested were sensitive to HE-Pn. MIC were 0.03 - 8 mg/mL and MFC were 0.5 - 64 mg/mL for all test strains. C. albicans (ATCC MYA-2876) showed 50% of adhesion reduction with > 4 mg/mL of HE-Pn and germ-tube formation was inhibited with 0.25 and 2 mg/mL. TEM exhibited cytoplasmic granulation, intracellular vacuoles, detachment of cell wall and plasma membrane and chromatin condensation of Candida. No toxicity of HE-Pn was noted on HaCaT cells. HE-Pn shows an anti-Candida activity and can be used as an inhibitory agent against adhesion and germ tube formation of Candida albicans (ATCC MYA-2876) without causing any toxicity to human cells.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022210539

First phytochemical and biological study of the ethanolic extract from leaves of Capirona decorticans (Rubiaceae)
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BARBOSA, Fernando Gomes

; SUGUI, Marina Mariko

; SINHORIN, Valéria Dornelles Gindri

; BICUDO, Rogério de Campos

; MOURA, Fernando Rafael de

; SINHORIN, Adilson Paulo

Acta Amazonica

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dec 2018, Volume 48 N. 4 Pages 338 - 346

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Capirona decorticans (Rubiaceae) é popularmente usada para tratar verrugas, feridas, micoses e sarna, e como um componente do chá de Ayahuasca. Apesar do uso popular, são limitadas as pesquisas fitoquímicas e farmacológicas sobre a espécie. Portanto, este estudo quantificou compostos fenólicos no extrato etanólico (EE) e na fração hidrometanólica (FM) (406 e 293 mgEAG g-1, respectivamente) de folhas de C. decorticans. Identificamos flavonoides por LC-MS / MS-MMR-ESI (apigenina, rutina, luteolina, miricetina, quercetina, quercetina-3-β-D-glicosídeo, quercetrina), e avaliamos o estresse oxidativo e o efeito mutagênico/antimutagênico de EE e FM em um experimento in vivo utilizando camundongos Swiss e ciclofosfamida (CP) como um indutor de danos no DNA e estresse oxidativo. Os camundongos foram pré-tratados por 15 dias consecutivos com EE ou FM (250 mg kg-1) e injetados intraperitonealmente com CP (25 mg kg-1). Proteínas carboniladas, ácido ascórbico, catalase e substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico foram dosadas em tecidos hepáticos e renais. O efeito mutagênico/antimutagênico foi avaliado através do Teste de Micronúcleo. Houve carbonilação protéica no fígado de animais expostos à CP, que foi reduzida pela FM. Não houve efeito significativo sobre outros marcadores de estresse oxidativo. Os grupos tratados com os extratos apresentaram uma redução percentual significativa (EE = 96% e FM = 71%) na frequência de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados induzidos pela PC. O EE também apresentou mutagenicidade quando utilizado isoladamente. O EE e FM das folhas de C. decorticans apresentaram potencial antioxidante equivalente ao observado em outras espécies, não causaram estresse oxidativo, nem toxicidade, e tiveram efeito protetor e antimutagênico, embora a EE tenha apresentado mutagenicidade.

ABSTRACT Capirona decorticans (Rubiaceae) is popularly used to treat warts, wounds, mycoses and scabies, and is also a component of the Ayahuasca tea. Despite its popular use, the phytochemical and pharmacological research on this species is limited. Therefore, this work quantified phenolic compounds in the ethanolic extract (EE) and hydromethanolic fraction (FM) (406, 293 mgEAG g-1, respectively) from leaves of C. decorticans. We identified flavonoids by LC-MS/MS-MMR-ESI (apigenin, rutin, luteolin, miricetin, quercetin, quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, quercetrin), and evaluated oxidative stress and mutagenic/antimutagenic effect of EE and FM through an in vivo experiment using Swiss mice and cyclophosphamide (CP) as an inducer of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Mice were pretreated for 15 consecutive days with EE or FM (250 mg kg-1) and then intraperitoneally injected with CP (25 mg kg-1). Carbonylated proteins, ascorbic acid, catalase and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were measured in hepatic and renal tissues. The mutagenic/antimutagenic effect was evaluated through the Micronucleus Test. Protein carbonylation in the liver of animals exposed to CP was reduced by FM. There was no significant effect on other markers of oxidative stress. The groups treated with the extracts showed a significant percentage reduction (EE = 96% and FM = 71%) in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes induced by CP. EE showed mutagenicity when used alone. The EE and FM of C. decorticans leaves showed antioxidant potential equivalent to that observed in other species, did not cause oxidative stress, nor toxicity, and had a protective and antimutagenic effect, although the EE showed signs of mutagenicity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201703483 1524 downloads

Incidence of tuberculosis among patients with rheumatoid arthritis using TNF blockers in Brazil: data from the Brazilian Registry of Biological Therapies in Rheumatic Diseases (Registro Brasileiro de Monitoração de Terapias Biológicas - BiobadaBrasil)
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Yonekura, Claudia Leiko

; Oliveira, Rene Donizeti Ribeiro

; Titton, David C.

; Ranza, Roberto

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Hayata, André L.

; Duarte, Ângela

; Silveira, Inês G.

; Carvalho, Hellen M. da S. de

; Moraes, Júlio C. Bertacini de

; Abreu, Mirhelen Mendes de

; Valim, Valéria

; Bianchi, Washington

; Brenol, Claiton Viegas

; Pereira, Ivanio A.

; Costa, Izaias

; Macieira, José C.

; Miranda, José R.S.

; Guedes-Barbosa, Luiz S.

; Bertolo, Manoel B.

; Sauma, Maria Fátima Lobato da C.

; Silva, Marília B.G.

; Freire, Marlene

; Scheinberg, Morton A.

; Toledo, Roberto A.

; Oliveira, Sheila K.F.

; Fernandes, Vander

; Pinheiro, Marcelo M.

; Castro, Glaucio

; Vieira, Walber Pinto

; Baaklini, Cesar Emile

; Ruffino-Netto, Antonio

; Pinheiro, Geraldo da Rocha Castelar

; Laurindo, Ieda Maria Magalhães

; Louzada-Junior, Paulo

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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2017, Volume 57 Suppl. 2 Pages s477 - s483

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar incidência de tuberculose e triagem para tuberculose latente em brasileiros com artrite reumatoide em uso de agentes biológicos na prática clinica. Pacientes e métodos Estudo de coorte com dados do Registro Brasileiro de Monitoração de Terapias Biológicas (BiobadaBrasil), de 01/2009 a 05/2013, abrangeu 1.552 tratamentos, 415 somente com drogas modificadoras do curso da doença (MMCDs) sintéticas, 942 MMCDs sintéticas em associação com anti-TNF (etanercepte, infliximabe, adalimumabe) e 195 MMCDs sintéticas em associação com outros biológicos (abatacepte, rituximabe e tocilizumabe). Avaliaram-se ocorrência de tuberculose, tempo de exposição às drogas e triagem para TB. Análise estatística: teste t não pareado e teste de Fisher bicaudal; p < 0,05. Resultados O tempo de exposição dos controles foi de 981 pacientes-ano, do grupo de anti-TNF foi de 1.744 pacientes-ano (adalimumabe = 676, infliximabe = 547 e etanercepte = 521 pacientes-ano) e o de outros biológicos de 336 pacientes-ano. A incidência de TB foi de 1,01/1.000 pacientes-ano nos controles e de 2,87 pacientes-ano nos usuários de anti-TNF (adalimumabe = 4,43/1.000 pacientes-ano; etanercepte = 1,92/1.000 pacientes-ano e infliximabe = 1,82/1.000 pacientes-ano). Não houve casos de tuberculose no grupo de outros biológicos. O tempo médio de exposição até a ocorrência de tuberculose foi de 27(11) meses para o grupo anti-TNF. Conclusões A incidência de tuberculose foi maior nos usuários de MMCDs sintéticas e anti-TNF do que nos usuários de MMCDs sintéticas e de MMCDs sintéticas e biológicos não anti-TNF, e também mais tardia, sugerindo infecção durante o tratamento, e não falha na triagem.

Abstract Objectives To assess the incidence of tuberculosis and to screen for latent tuberculosis infection among Brazilians with rheumatoid arthritis using biologics in clinical practice. Patients and methods This cohort study used data from the Brazilian Registry of Biological Therapies in Rheumatic Diseases (Registro Brasileiro de Monitoração de Terapias Biológicas - BiobadaBrasil), from 01/2009 to 05/2013, encompassing 1552 treatments, including 415 with only synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, 942 synthetic DMARDs combined with anti-tumor necrosis factor (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab) and 195 synthetic DMARDs combined with other biologics (abatacept, rituximab and tocilizumab). The occurrence of tuberculosis and the drug exposure time were assessed, and screening for tuberculosis was performed. Statistical analysis: Unpaired t-test and Fisher's two-tailed test; p < 0.05. Results The exposure times were 981 patient-years in the controls, 1744 patient-years in the anti-TNF group (adalimumab = 676, infliximab = 547 and etanercept = 521 patient-years) and 336 patient-years in the other biologics group. The incidence rates of tuberculosis were 1.01/1000 patient-years in the controls and 2.87 patient-years among anti-TNF users (adalimumab = 4.43/1000 patient-years; etanercept = 1.92/1000 patient-years and infliximab = 1.82/1000 patient-years). No cases of tuberculosis occurred in the other biologics group. The mean drug exposure time until the occurrence of tuberculosis was 27(11) months for the anti-TNF group. Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis was higher among users of synthetic DMARDs and anti-TNF than among users of synthetic DMARDs and synthetic DMARDs and non-anti-TNF biologics and also occurred later, suggesting infection during treatment and no screening failure.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2017.05.005 3602 downloads

The classic episode of biological invasion: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) versus Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) - evaluation of the biotic potential
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BARBOSA, LEANDRO S.

; COURI, MÁRCIA S.

; COELHO, VALÉRIA M.A.

; AVELINO-CAPISTRANO, FERNANDA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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sep 2016, Volume 88 N. 3 Pages 1401 - 1406

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The classic episode of biological invasion: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) versus Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) - evaluation of the biotic potential. The biotic of the native fly Cochliomyia macellaria and the exotic Chrysomya megacephala was compared, through the reproductive capacity and longevity. The experiment took place in a climatized chamber, with four repetitions of 15 grouped couples of each species. The posture, egg mass weight, and death of individuals were observed daily. C. macellaria showed an average of longevity of 27.72 days while in C. megacephala the average was 41.96 days. The egg mass weight average per repetition was 0.58 g and 1.22 g, respectively. These results give a better understanding about the population dynamics of these species in nature.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150270 1149 downloads

Early sensory re-education of the hand after peripheral nerve repair based on mirror therapy: a randomized controlled trial
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Paula, Mayara H.

; Barbosa, Rafael I.

; Marcolino, Alexandre M.

; Elui, Valéria M. C.

; Rosén, Birgitta

; Fonseca, Marisa C. R.

Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy

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feb 2016, Volume 20 N. 1 Pages 58 - 65

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Mirror therapy has been used as an alternative stimulus to feed the somatosensory cortex in an attempt to preserve hand cortical representation with better functional results. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the short-term functional outcome of an early re-education program using mirror therapy compared to a late classic sensory program for hand nerve repair. METHOD: This is a randomized controlled trial. We assessed 20 patients with median and ulnar nerve and flexor tendon repair using the Rosen Score combined with the DASH questionnaire. The early phase group using mirror therapy began on the first postoperative week and lasted 5 months. The control group received classic sensory re-education when the protective sensation threshold was restored. All participants received a patient education booklet and were submitted to the modified Duran protocol for flexor tendon repair. The assessments were performed by the same investigator blinded to the allocated treatment. Mann-Whitney Test and Effect Size using Cohen's d score were used for inter-group comparisons at 3 and 6 months after intervention. RESULTS: The primary outcome (Rosen score) values for the Mirror Therapy group and classic therapy control group after 3 and 6 months were 1.68 (SD=0.5); 1.96 (SD=0.56) and 1.65 (SD=0.52); 1.51 (SD=0.62), respectively. No between-group differences were observed. CONCLUSION: Although some clinical improvement was observed, mirror therapy was not shown to be more effective than late sensory re-education in an intermediate phase of nerve repair in the hand. Replication is needed to confirm these findings.

https://doi.org/10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0130 5047 downloads

Detection of fluoroquinolone resistance by mutation in gyrA gene of Campylobacter spp. isolates from broiler and laying (Gallus gallus domesticus) hens,from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
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Frasao, Beatriz da Silva

; Medeiros, Valéria

; Barbosa, André Victor

; de Aguiar, Waldemir Silva

; dos Santos, Felipe Faccini

; Abreu, Dayse Lima da Costa

; Clementino, Maysa Mandetta

; de Aquino, Maria Helena Cosendey

Ciência Rural

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nov 2015, Volume 45 N. 11 Pages 2013 - 2018

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As aves são consideradas o principal reservatório de Campylobacter spp., um importante patógeno para humanos e muitos estudos têm relatado uma rápida seleção de cepas resistentes às fluoroquinolonas após o uso destes antimicrobianos na produção avícola e na medicina humana. O principal mecanismo de resistência às fluoroquinolonas em Campylobacter consiste na mutação na Região Determinantes de Resistência às Quinolonas (RDRQ) do gene gyrA, que codifica para a subunidade A da enzima DNA girase, alvo das fluoroquinolonas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a mutação na RDRQ do gene gyrA em cepas de Campylobacter previamente isolados de carcaças de frangos de corte e fezes de galinhas poedeiras. Foram selecionadas 38 cepas de C. jejuni e 19 cepas de C. coli (n=57), previamente caracterizadas como resistentes à ciprofloxacina e enrofloxacina, pelo método da difusão em disco e pela determinação da concentração inibitória mínima. Para detecção da mutação, foi utilizado sequenciamento direto de um fragmento de 454pb da RDRQ do gene gyrA gerado por PCR. Todas as cepas apresentaram a mutação na RDRQ do gene gyrA no códon 86 (Tre-86-Ile), que confere resistência às fluoroquinolonas e outras mutações silenciosas foram observadas. A caracterização genotípica da resistência às fluoroquinolonas em Campylobacter confirmou a prévia detecção fenotípica dessa resistência e a mutação Tre-86-Ile foi observada na totalidade das amostras, comprovando ser esta a mutação predominante em cepas de C. jejuni e C. coli resistentes à enrofloxacina e ciprofloxacina.

Poultry are considered to be the main reservoir of Campylobacter spp. bacteria, an important pathogen for humans. Many studies have reported a rapid selection of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains following the widespread use of these antimicrobials in poultry production and human medicine. The main mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter is a mutation in the Quinolone Resistance Determinant Region (QRDR) in the gyrA gene, which codes for the subunit of the enzyme DNA gyrase, the target for fluoroquinolone. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutation in QRDR in the gyrA gene of Campylobacter strains previously isolated from broiler carcasses and feces of laying hens. Thirty-eight strains of C. jejuni and 19 C. coli strains (n=57), previously characterized as resistant to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin by the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), were selected. For detection of the mutation, a fragment of 454pb QRDR in the gyrA gene was used for direct sequencing. All strains presented the QRDR mutation in the gyrA gene at codon 86 (Thr-86-Ile), which confers resistance to fluoroquinolones. Other known silent mutations were observed. This genotypic characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter strains has confirmed the prior phenotypic detection of the resistance. The Thr-86-Ile mutation was observed in all samples confirming that this is the predominant mutation in enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin resistant strains of C. jejuni and C. coli.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141712 2237 downloads

II Diretriz de Ressonância Magnética e Tomografia Computadorizada Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia e do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia
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Sara, Leonardo

; Szarf, Gilberto

; Tachibana, Adriano

; Shiozaki, Afonso Akio

; Villa, Alexandre Volney

; Oliveira, Amarino Carvalho de

; Albuquerque, Andrei Skromov de

; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

; Nomura, César Higa

; Azevedo, Clerio Francisco

; Jasinowodolinski, Dany

; Tassi, Eduardo Marinho

; Medeiros, Fabio de Morais

; Kay, Fernando Uliana

; Junqueira, Flávia Pegado

; Azevedo, Guilherme S. A.

; Monte, Guilherme Urpia

; Pinto, Ibraim Masciarelli Francisco

; Gottlieb, Ilan

; Andrade, Joalbo

; Lima, João A. C.

; Parga Filho, José Rodrigues

; Kelendjian, Juliana

; Fernandes, Juliano Lara

; Iquizli, Leonardo

; Correia, Luis C. L.

; Quaglia, Luiz Augusto

; Gonçalves, Luiz Flavio Galvão

; Ávila, Luiz Francisco

; Zapparoli, Marcello

; Hadlich, Marcelo

; Nacif, Marcelo Souto

; Barbosa, Márcia de Melo

; Minami, Márcio Hiroshi

; Bittencourt, Marcio Sommer

; Siqueira, Maria Helena Albernaz

; Silva, Marly Conceição

; Lopes, Marly Maria Uellendahl

; Marques, Mateus Diniz

; Vieira, Mônica La Rocca

; Coellho Filho, Otávio Rizzi

; Schvartzman, Paulo R.

; Santos, Raul D.

; Cury, Ricardo C.

; Loureiro, Ricardo

; Cury, Roberto Caldeira

; Sasdelli Neto, Roberto

; Macedo, Robson

; Cerci, Rodrigo Julio

; Faria Filho, Rui Alberto de

; Cardoso, Sávio

; Naves, Thiago

; Magalhães, Tiago Augusto

; Senra, Tiago

; Burgos, Ursula Maria Moreira Costa

; Moreira, Valéria de Melo

; Ishikawa, Walther Yoshiharu

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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dec 2014, Volume 103 N. 6 Pages 1 - 86

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.2014S006 67586 downloads

Influence of the number of layers of paris bandage plasters on the mechanical properties speciments used on orthopedic splints
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Vieira, Gustavo C.

; Barbosa, Rafael I.

; Marcolino, Alexandre M.

; Shimano, Antonio C.

; Elui, Valeria M. C.

; Fonseca, Marisa C. R.

Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy

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oct 2011, Volume 15 N. 5 Pages 380 - 386

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as propriedades mecânicas de amostras fabricadas a partir de ataduras de gesso que são utilizadas em órteses ortopédicas e que variam quanto ao número de camadas. MÉTODOS: Foram confeccionados espécimes em forma de placa retangular e em forma cilíndrica, divididos em dois grupos que simulavam splint e gesso circular, os quais foram divididos em seis subgrupos de acordo com o número de camadas utilizadas, ou seja, três, seis, oito, dez, 12 e 14 camadas. Os espécimes foram submetidos a um teste de inclinação de três pontos (placas/splint) ou teste de resistência à compressão (cilindros/gesso circular). As seguintes propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas: carga máxima e carga no limite de elasticidade e rigidez. O peso da amostra foi calculado. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e diferença mínima significativa (DMS). Comparações pareadas entre os subgrupos 10x12 e 10x14 revelaram diferenças significativas para todas as propriedades mecânicas (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Os resultados sugerem que, quando o objetivo é construir aparelhos com alta resistência mecânica, independente do peso, tais como órteses seriadas de posicionamento para simular força gradual aplicada no tecido para a melhoria da amplitude de movimento, talas de 12 ou 14 camadas devem ser preferidas. Para os aparelhos ortopédicos que irão ser submetidos a esforços de baixa intensidade, aconselha-se a utilização de dez camadas para as órteses, porque houve uma melhor correlação entre a resistência mecânica e peso para as amostras fabricadas com dez camadas de atadura gessada comparadas com aquelas confeccionadas com seis ou oito camadas. CONCLUSÂO: Baseado nos achados deste estudo, sugere-se a utilização de dez camadas na confecção de órteses ortopédicas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of varying numbers of layers of plaster of Paris bandages on the mechanical properties of specimens used on the construction of orthopedic splints. METHODS: Rectangular plate-shaped and cylinder-shaped specimens were constructed and assigned to two groups simulating plaster slabs and cast and further divided into six subgroups according to the number of layers used: 3, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 layers. The specimens were subjected to either a three-point bending test (plates/slab) or compressive strength test (cylinders/cast). The following mechanical properties were evaluated: maximum load, elastic limit load and stiffness. Specimen weight was also calculated. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and the least significant difference (LSD) tests. RESULTS: Pairwise comparisons of the subgroups 10x12 and 10x14 revealed significant differences for all mechanical properties (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that when the goal is to construct appliances with high mechanical strength, regardless of weight, such as serial plaster slabs splints for stimulating tissue growth through the application of gradual load, splints made with plaster of Paris bandages with 12 or 14 layers should be preferred. For orthotic devices such as positioning orthotics, the use of 10 layers plaster bandages slab splints is advisable as they were found to have better correlation between mechanical strength and weight in comparison to those made wtih 6 or 8 layers. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, we suggest the use of 10 layers of plaster of Paris for the construction of orthopedic splints.

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Barbosa, Leandro Silva

; Couri, Márcia Souto

; Coelho, Valéria Magalhães Aguiar

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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mar 2010, Volume 54 N. 1 Pages 125 - 129

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Desempenho do parasitóide Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) utilizando como hospedeiro Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), sob diferentes tempos de exposição. Foram estudados o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade da pupa hospedeira, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) criadas em pupas hospedeiras de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius). Analisaram-se diferentes tempos de exposição: 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Fêmeas nulíparas foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio contendo as pupas hospedeiras e tampados com algodão hidrófobo. Cada tratamento foi constituído de 10 repetições. Após a exposição, os himenópteros foram descartados e as pupas hospedeiras foram mantidas individualizadas. O controle consistiu de pupas de C. macellaria não expostas ao parasitismo utilizando-se o mesmo delineamento experimental. Os parasitóides apresentaram um desenvolvimento pós-embrionário mais lento com aumento do tempo de exposição. A exposição mais produtiva foi a de 72 horas. A razão sexual apresentou uma tendência ao nascimento de fêmeas após a exposição de 48 horas. A taxa de parasitismo apresentou crescimento até a exposição de 72 horas. A taxa de nascimento de dípteros também apresentou queda até o tempo de exposição de 72 horas.

The post-embryonic development, the productivity of the host pupae, the rate of parasitism and the sex ratio of Nasonia vitripennis reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria were studied. Different exposition times were used: 24, 48, 72, 96 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 replicates. After exposition, the hymenopterans were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergency of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment, were used as control. The parasitoids showed a slower development in relation to the increase exposition time. The 72 hours exposition was the one which enabled higher productivity. The sex ratio tended towards a deviation for the birth of females after 48 hour. The rate of parasitism increased up to 72 hours. The rate of dipteran's emergence showed a decrease until 72 hours.

1656 downloads

10.

Synthesis, antitumor and antimicrobial activity of novel 1-substituted phenyl-3-[3-alkylamino(methyl)-2-thioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl] β-carboline derivatives
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Savariz, Franciele C.

; Formagio, Anelise S. N.

; Barbosa, Valéria A.

; Foglio, Mary Ann

; Carvalho, João E. de

; Duarte, Marta C. T.

; Dias Filho, Benedito P.

; Sarragiotto, Maria Helena

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2010, Volume 21 N. 2 Pages 288 - 298

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Com o propósito de aumentar a atividade anticâncer demonstrada anteriormente pelas 1-fenilssubstituído-3-(2-tioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-il) β-carbolinas 1a-c, neste trabalho foram realizadas a síntese e a avaliação in vitro da atividade antitumoral de novas bases de Mannich 2-7(a-c), derivadas da introdução de diferentes grupos alquilamino(metil) na unidade 1,3,4-oxadiazol de 1a-c. Os derivados 1a-c e 2-7(a-c) foram também avaliados quanto às atividades antibacteriana e antifúngica. Adicionalmente, um estudo in silico das propriedades de ADME dos novos compostos sintetizados 2-7(a-c) foi realizado pela avaliação de seus parâmetros de Lipinski e de dados de área de superfície topológica polar (TPSA) e de porcentagem de absorção (% ABS).

With the purpose of activity enhancement of 1-substituted phenyl-3-(2-thioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl) β-carbolines 1a-c, reported as potential antitumor agents in our previous study, herein we report the synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of several novel Mannich bases 2-7(a-c), by the introduction of different alkylamino(methyl) groups in the 1,3,4-oxadiazole unity of 1a-c. The antimicrobial activities of 1a-c and of 2-7(a-c) were also evaluated. Additionally, an in silico study of the ADME properties of novel synthesized β-carboline derivatives 2-7(a-c) was performed by evaluation of their Lipinski's parameters and topological polar surface area (TPSA) and percentage of absorption (% ABS) data.

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11.

Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on propofol pharmacokinetics and bispectral index during coronary surgery
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Barbosa, Ricardo Antonio G.

; Santos, Silvia Regina C. Jorge

; White, Paul F.

; Pereira, Valéria A.

; Silva Filho, Carlos R.

; Malbouisson, Luiz M. S.

; Carmona, Maria José C.

Clinics

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mar 2009, Volume 64 N. 3 Pages 215 - 221

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

PURPOSE: Cardiopulmonary bypass is known to alter propofol pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of these alterations on postoperative pharmacodynamics. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that changes in propofol pharmacokinetics increase hypnotic effects after cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Twenty patients scheduled for on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (group, n=10) or off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (group, n=10) coronary artery bypass grafts were anesthetized with sufentanil and a propofol target controlled infusion (2.0 µg/mL). Depth of hypnosis was monitored using the bispectral index. Blood samples were collected from the induction of anesthesia up to 12 hours after the end of propofol infusion, at predetermined intervals. Plasma propofol concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, followed by a non-compartmental propofol pharmacokinetic analysis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, considering p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS: After cardiopulmonary bypass, despite similar plasma propofol concentrations in both groups, bispectral index values were lower in the on-pump coronary artery bypass graft group. Time to extubation after the end of propofol infusion was greater in the on-pump coronary artery bypass graft group (334 ± 117 vs. 216 ± 85 min, p = 0.04). Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass had shorter biological (1.82 ± 0.5 vs. 3.67 ± 1.15h, p < 0.01) and terminal elimination (6.27 ± 1.29 vs. 10.5h ± 2.18, p < 0.01) half-life values, as well as higher total plasma clearance (28.36 ± 11.40 vs.18.29 ± 7.67 mL/kg/min, p = 0.03), compared to patients in the off-pump coronary artery bypass graft group. CONCLUSION: Aside from the increased sensitivity of the brain to anesthetics after cardiopulmonary bypass, changes in propofol pharmacokinetics may contribute to its central nervous system effects.

2922 downloads

12.

Influência do aumento do número de pupas hospedeiras de Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera, Calliphoridae) no desenvolvimento do parasitóide Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) em laboratório
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Barbosa, Leandro S.

; Couri, Márcia S.

; Coelho, Valéria M. A.

Iheringia. Série Zoologia

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sep 2008, Volume 98 N. 3 Pages 339 - 344

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) criada em pupa de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) foram estudados. Densidades diferentes de hospedeiro foram usadas (proporções 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 e 1:5) com tempo de exposição de 72 horas, em cada uma delas. Fêmeas nulíparas originárias da colônia estoque foram individualizadas em tubos de teste cobertos com algodão hidrófobo e contendo as pupas hospedeiras. Cada tratamento constituiu-se de 10 repetições. Depois da exposição, as vespas foram descartadas e as pupas hospedeiras foram individualizadas em tubos de teste até a emergência dos adultos de C. macellaria ou N. vitripennis. Amostras das pupas hospedeiras não expostas ao parasitismo e recebendo o mesmo tratamento experimental foram usadas como controle. Os parasitóides mostraram um desenvolvimento mais lento em relação ao aumento da densidade de hospedeiros. Houve uma diminuição na produção de parasitóides por hospedeiro em densidades elevadas. A razão sexual tendeu para um desvio para nascimento de fêmeas com o aumento da densidade do hospedeiro. Os índices de parasitismo mostraram uma diminuição quando o parasitóide foi exposto a mais de duas pupas hospedeiras.

The post-embryonic development, productivity, rate of parasitism and sexual ratio of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) were studied. Different densities of the host were used (proportion 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and the exposition in each one lasted 72 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 repetitions. After the exposition, the wasps were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergence of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment were used as control. The parasitoids showed a slower development in relation to the increase of host density. There was a production decrease of parasitoids per host in elevated densities. The sexual ratio tended towards a deviation for the birth of females with the increase of the density of host. The rate of parasitism showed a decrease when the parasitoid was exposed to more than two host pupae.

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13.

Desenvolvimento de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) em pupas de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), utilizando diferentes densidades do parasitóide
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Barbosa, Leandro Silva

; Couri, Márcia Souto

; Coelho, Valéria Magalhães Aguiar

Biota Neotropica

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mar 2008, Volume 8 N. 1 Pages 49 - 54

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade da pupa, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) criadas em pupas de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) foram estudadas. Diferentes densidades do parasitóide foram utilizadas (proporções 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 e 5:1) com exposição de 72 horas. Fêmeas nulíparas originárias da colônia estoque foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio cobertos com algodão hidrofóbico, contendo uma pupa hospedeira. Cada tratamento foi constituído de 10 repetições. Após a exposição, as vespas foram descartadas e as pupas hospedeiras foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio até a emergência dos adultos de C. macellaria ou N. vitripennis. Amostras de pupas hospedeiras não expostas ao parasitismo e recebendo o mesmo tratamento experimental foram utilizadas como controle. O período pós-embrionário foi significativamente mais curto na proporção 2:1 (13,73 dias) e mais longo na relação 5:1. Os picos de emergência ocorreram no 14º dia após a exposição do parasitóide ao hospedeiro para todas as relações, com exceção da relação 4:1(13º dia). A produtividade de N. vitripennis não variou significativamente entre as diferentes proporções. Conforme o número de parasitóides aumentou foi observado uma maior duração do período do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário e um aumento na proporção de machos na prole. A taxa de parasitismo apresentou queda quando o hospedeiro foi exposto a cinco parasitóides.

The post-embryonic development, the productivity of the pupae, the rate of parasitism and the sexual ratio of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) were studied. Different densities of the parasitoid were used (proportions 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) with exposition of 72 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 repetitions. After the exposition, the wasps were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergency of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment were used as control. The post-embryonic period was significantly shorter in the proportion of 2:1 (13,73 days) and longer in the relation of 5:1. The peaks of emergence occurred in the 14th day after the exposition of the parasitoid to the host in all relations, except for the relation of 4:1(13rd day). The productivity of N. vitripennis does not vary significantly among the different proportions. As the number of parasitoids grows, its post-embryonic development gets slower and the sexual ratio of males grows up. The rate of parasitism showed a decrease when the host was exposed to five parasitoids.

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14.

Avaliação in vitro da atividade antioxidante do extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de bardana
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Lima, Adriene R.

; Barbosa, Valéria C.

; Santos Filho, Plínio R.

; Gouvêa, Cibele M.C.P.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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dec 2006, Volume 16 N. 4 Pages 531 - 536

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A atividade antioxidante do extrato hidroálcoólico de folhas de bardana (EEB), das frações acetato de etila (ACE) e hexano (HEX) foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro. O EEB e frações inibiram a peroxidação lipídica em homogeneizado de cérebro de rato, com IC50 de 0,136 ± 0,015; 0,218 ± 0,049 e 0,628 ± 0,092 mg/mL para o EEB, ACE e HEX respectivamente. O EEB, ACE e HEX apresentaram atividade seqüestrante de radicais DPPH, com IC50 de 0,029 ± 0,006; 0,089 ± 0,003 e 0,837 ± 0,160 mg/mL respectivamente. A capacidade antioxidante total do EEB foi significativamente maior (p<0,001) que a das frações sendo de 267,20; 55,49 e 50,02 mM de ácido ascórbico, respectivamente, para o EEB, ACE e HEX. O EEB apresentou 7,88 ± 0,25 % (m/m) de compostos fenólicos, que foi significativamente (p<0,001) diferente das ACE e HEX. Os resultados indicam que os extratos analisados apresentam atividade antioxidante, sendo que o EEB foi o mais eficiente. Este é o primeiro trabalho demonstrando a atividade antioxidante de folhas de bardana.

The antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of bardana (EEB), the ethyl acetate (ACE) and hexane (HEX) fractions were evaluated by in vitro assays. The EEB and fractions inhibited the lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate, with IC50 of 0.136 ± 0.015; 0.218 ± 0.049 and 0.628 ± 0.092 mg/mL for BEE, EAC and HEX respectively. The EEB, ACE and HEX presented DPPH radical scavenging-activity, with IC50 of 0.029 ± 0.006; 0.089 ± 0.003 and 0.837 ± 0.160 mg/mL respectively. The total antioxidant capacity of the EEB was significantly (p<0.001) higher than the fractions, being 267.20; 55.49 and 50.02 mM of ascorbic acid, respectively for EED, ACE and HEX. The ethanol extract presented 7.88 ± 0.25 % (w/w) of phenolic compounds that was significantly (p<0.001) different from the ACE and HEX fractions. The results indicate that the analyzed extracts present antioxidant activity, and the EEB was the most efficient. This is the first report on the antioxidant activity of bardana leaves.

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15.

Screening of Central and South American plant extracts for antimycobacterial activity by the Alamar Blue test
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Leitão, Suzana G.

; Castro, Oscar

; Fonseca, Eduardo N.

; Julião, Lisieux S.

; Tavares, Eliana S.

; Leo, Rodrigo R.T.

; Vieira, Ricardo C.

; Oliveira, Danilo R.

; Leitão, Gilda G.

; Martino, Virginia

; Sulsen, Valeria

; Barbosa, Ymira A.G.

; Pinheiro, Diva P.G.

; Silva, Pedro E. Almeida da

; Teixeira, Dulcineia F.

; N. Junior, Ivan

; Lourenço, Maria Cristina S.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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mar 2006, Volume 16 N. 1 Pages 6 - 11

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Quarenta e oito extratos brutos etanólicos e frações (em hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e n-butanol) de dez plantas brasileiras pertencentes às famílias Leguminosae, Monimiaceae e Verbenaceae; uma da Costa Rica (Verbenaceae) e uma da Argentina (Verbenaceae) foram ensaiados para verificação da atividade anti-micobacteriana contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC-27294H37Rv), pelo teste do Alamar Blue, a uma concentração fixa de 100 µg/mL. Dentre os quarenta e oito extratos e frações estudados, sete mostraram-se ativos na concentração ensaiada - frações em hexano e diclorometano de folhas de Lantana trifolia, extrato em metanol:água, 1:1 de cascas de Vitex cooperi, frações em hexano e diclorometano de folhas de Lippia lacunosa e de Lippia rotundifolia, sendoque todas essas plantas pertencem à família Verbenaceae.

Forty eight ethanolic crude extracts and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) from ten Brazilian plants (Leguminosae, Monimiaceae and Verbenaceae), 1 from Costa Rica (Verbenaceae) and 1 from Argentina (Verbenaceae) were screened for anti-mycobacterium activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC-27294H37Rv), by the Alamar Blue test, at a fixed concentration of 100 µg/mL. Out of the forty eight, seven were active at this concentration, corresponding to Lantana trifolia (hexane and dichloromethane extracts from leaves), Vitex cooperi (methanol:water, 1:1 extract from barks), Lippia lacunosa (hexane and dichloromethane extracts from leaves) and Lippia rotundifolia (hexane and dichloromethane extracts from leaves), all from the Verbenaceae family.

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