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Abstract Introduction: Spinal injuries are common among young adult men. Recognizing kinematics can help reduce the number of late diagnoses, especially if there are consciousness disorders. Vertebral fractures can be single or multiple, and they are often associated with extravertebral injuries. Objectives: To examine the distribution of the lesion based on the mechanism of production, to characterize the neurological condition, to evaluate the lesion pattern and its relationship with extravertebral lesions, and to analyze the treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective study of patients admitted with post-trauma vertebral injuries between July 1, 2018 and June 30, 2020. Age, gender, kinematics, neurological condition, affected sector, pattern of injury, and associated extravertebral injuries were all examined. Results: There were 281 patients (60% men) evaluated, with 400 vertebral and 118 extravertebral lesions. The causes were as follows: polytrauma in 62 cases, falls from great heights in 147 patients, and traffic accidents in 98. ASIA E was the most frequently observed neurological picture (8 cases), which was not determined at admission. The T2-L5 sector was the most affected, mostly by compression injuries. Head and chest trauma were the most common extravertebral injuries; there was one case of SCIWORA and one early death. Conclusions: The most commonly affected spinal sectors were thoracolumbar, thoracic, and lumbar; the injuries are typically caused by falls from great heights and, in general, are isolated, with no neurological injuries. The treatment is determined by the stability and neurological condition.

Resumen Introducción: Las lesiones raquídeas son frecuentes en hombres adultos jóvenes. Reconocer la cinemática ayuda a disminuir la tasa de diagnósticos tardíos, principalmente si hay trastornos de la conciencia. Las fracturas vertebrales pueden ser únicas o múltiples, y asociarse con lesiones extravertebrales. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la distribución de la lesión según el mecanismo de producción, caracterizar el cuadro neurológico, evaluar el patrón de lesión y la asociación con lesiones extravertebrales, y analizar el tratamiento. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo de pacientes con lesiones vertebrales postrauma, que ingresaron entre el 1 de julio de 2018 y el 30 de junio de 2020. Se analizaron los siguientes parámetros: edad, sexo, cinemática, cuadro neurológico, sector afectado, patrón de lesión, lesiones extravertebrales asociadas. Resultados: Se evaluó a 281 pacientes (60% hombres) con 400 lesiones vertebrales y 118 extravertebrales que, en 62 casos, conformaban un cuadro de politraumatismo; 147 con trauma por caída de altura y 98, por accidente de tránsito. El cuadro neurológico más observado fue ASIA E (8 casos), no determinado al ingreso. El sector T2-L5 fue el más afectado, en su mayoría, por lesiones por compresión. Las lesiones extravertebrales más frecuentes fueron el trauma de cráneo y de tórax; hubo un caso de SCIWORA y un óbito temprano. Conclusiones: Los sectores raquídeos más afectados fueron: el toracolumbar, el torácico y el lumbar; las lesiones suelen deberse a caídas de altura y suelen ser únicas, sin cuadro neurológico. El tratamiento se decide según la estabilidad y el cuadro neurológico.

https://doi.org/10.15417/issn.1852-7434.2023.88.2.1510

OPTIMIZATION OF BREWING WASTE’S (TRUB) PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS EXTRACTION BY ULTRASOUND ASSISTED USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
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Gandolpho, Bianca C. G.

; Almeida, Aline R.

; Gandolpho, Gabriel M.

; Freitas, Daniele Z.

; Gasparini, Otávio C.

; Machado, Michelle H.

; Barreto, Pedro L. M.

Química Nova

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apr 2021, Volume 44 N. 4 Pages 478 - 483

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The brewing waste, also known as trub, is an abundant by-product of the brewing industry. Such material presents high levels of phenolic compounds, which promote antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal effects, turning the trub economically attractive. In this study, the trub’s phenolic compounds were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology. Such experiments were conducted according to a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), with the evaluated parameters being ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) described the effect of process’ variables through second order polynomial models, adjusted appropriately for such analysis, and optimized the operating conditions, aiming to obtain the maximum extraction of phenolic compounds through the proposed technique. The extraction’s optimal conditions for the evaluated variables were ethanol concentration of 58%, solid-liquid ratio of 1 g per 32 mL, and extraction temperature of 36 ºC, during a 30 minute process. Considering such experimental conditions, the total amount of phenolic compounds was equal to 7.23 mg of gallic acid g-1 trub, indicating that a great concentration of phenolic compounds can be extracted from this material through the proposed technique. Thus, this indicates that trub might be a promising by-product that can be used in different industrial fields.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170688 70 downloads

Composite PHB/chitosan microparticles obtained by spray drying: effect of chitosan concentration and crosslinking agents on drug relesase
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Lins, Luanda C.

; Bazzo, Giovana C.

; Barreto, Pedro L. M.

; Pires, Alfredo T. N.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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aug 2014, Volume 25 N. 8 Pages 1462 - 1471

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Micropartículas de poli(3-hidroxibutirato) (PHB) contendo cetoprofeno (KET) como fármaco modelo foram preparadas através da técnica de emulsão-evaporação do solvente O/W. Com o intuito de atribuir uma barreira adicional à liberação do cetoprofeno, micropartículas de KET/PHB foram revestidas por um filme de quitosana através da técnica spray drying. O filme de quitosana foi reticulado com glutaraldeído ou genipin. A eficiência de encapsulação, 60%, foi da mesma ordem de grandeza para todas as formulações de micropartículas estudadas. A influência das concentrações de quitosana e do agente reticulante (glutaraldeído e genipin) na quantidade de cetoprofeno liberado após 1 h, e sobre o prolongamento de liberação em 72 h, foi avaliada através de análises estatísticas, indicando que ambas as variáveis influenciaram as respostas. A liberação do cetoprofeno a partir de micropartículas compostas recobertas com quitosana reticulada foi lenta e sustentável, sendo um transportador polimérico muito promissor para a libertação de fármacos.

The purpose of this study was to prepare composite microparticles of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) containing the drug ketoprofen (KET) coated with a layer of crosslinked chitosan (CHI) for application as a controlled drug-release system. Microparticles of PHB containing KET as a model drug were prepared using the emulsion-solvent evaporation technique, and coated with a film of chitosan by spray drying to obtain the composite microparticles. The surface film was modified using glutaraldehyde or genipin as the crosslinking agent. The KET encapsulation efficiency of the PHB microparticle was 60%, and the same value was obtained after inclusion of the CHI film by the spray drying process. The influence of the concentration of chitosan used to obtain the composite microparticles and the crosslinking agent on the amount of drug released after 1 and 72 h was evaluated by statistical analysis, and both variables were found to affect the responses. The drug release from the composite microparticles coated with crosslinked chitosan was slow and sustainable, indicating that this represents a very promising polymeric carrier for drug delivery.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140129 3329 downloads

Organic polyculture of passion fruit, pineapple, corn and cassava: the influence of green manure and distance between espaliers
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Araújo Neto, Sebastião Elviro de

; Campos, Pedro Arruda

; Tavella, Leonardo Barreto

; Solino, Antônio Jussier da Silva

; Silva, Irene Ferro da

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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jun 2014, Volume 38 N. 3 Pages 247 - 255

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A fruticultura orgânica deve incorporar os princípios da agricultura sustentável, com garantia de produtividade aliado à diversidade ecológica, utilizando técnicas de cultivo consorciado com espécies regionais. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura [Canavalia ensiformis (feijão-de-porco), Crotalaria spectabilis (crotalária), Pueraria phaseoloides (puerária), Arachis pintoi (amendoim forrageiro) e plantas espontâneas] e do espaçamento entre espaldeiras na produtividade de Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (maracujá amarelo), Ananas comosus (abacaxi), Zea mays L. (milho), Manihot esculenta (mandioca) e biomassa vegetal, em policultivo orgânico no estado do Acre, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas compostas pelo espaçamento entre as espaldeiras do maracujá (3 e 4 m) e subparcelas formadas pelas plantas de cobertura, com três repetições. Os solos cobertos com feijão-de-porco, crotalária e puerária produziram quantidades de biomassa vegetal superiores aos daqueles cobertos com amendoim forrageiro e plantas espontâneas. A produtividade geral do policultivo de maracujá, abacaxi, milho e cassava foi elevada (44462 kg ha-1). O uso eficiente da terra no sistema de policultivo foi 2.45 (com crotalária) a 2.77 (puerária e plantas espontâneas) vezes superior ao do sistema de monocultivo. As produtividades do maracujá (em solo coberto com puerária) e abacaxi (em solo coberto com plantas espontâneas) aumentaram 72 e 34%, respectivamente, nas parcelas em que o espaçamento entre espaldeiras era de 3 m em comparação com as parcelas em que o espaçamento era de 4 m.

The organic fruit crop should incorporate the principles of sustainable agriculture, with a guarantee of productivity coupled with ecological diversity, using techniques of policultive with regional species. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the green manure crops [Canavalia ensiformis (jack beans), Crotalaria spectabilis (sunn hemp), Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu), Arachis pintoi (peanut forage) and spontaneous plants] and distance between espaliers on the yields of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (passion fruit), Ananas comosus (pineapple), Zea mays (maize), Manihot esculenta (cassava) and biomass in organic polyculture in the state of Acre, Brazil. The randomized block design experiment comprised plots encompassing the space between the rows of passion fruits (espaliers located 3 m or 4 m apart), and subplots that contained the green manure crops. Green biomass yield by jack beans, sunn hemp and tropical kudzu was greater than that provided by peanut forage and spontaneous plants. The polyculture of passion fruit, pineapple, maize and cassava presented a high overall yield (44462 kg ha-1). The land-use efficiency of the polyculture system was between 2.45 (with sunn hemp) and 2.77 (with tropical kudzu) times greater than that achieved by individual monocultures. The yields of passion fruit (with tropical kudzu as cover crop) and pineapple (with spontaneous plants as green manure) were enhanced by some 72 and 34%, respectively, when cultivated in plots comprising 3 m-spaced espaliers in comparison with plots containing 4 m-spaced espaliers.

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Morphology of soy protein isolate at oil/water and oil/air interfaces
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Fayad, Samira J.

; Zanetti-Ramos, Betina G.

; Barreto, Pedro L. M.

; Soldi, Valdir

; Minatti, Edson

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jun 2013, Volume 24 N. 6 Pages 1012 - 1017

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste artigo, as propriedades emulsificantes da proteína isolada de soja (SPI) foram evidenciadas mostrando que estas macromoléculas sofrem mudanças conformacionais quando adsorvidas em interfaces. Investigou-se a conformação das cadeias proteicas ancoradas nas regiões interfaciais de emulsões de óleo em água (o/a) através de técnicas de espalhamento de raios X (SAXS) e de imagem (microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM)). O valor médio do raio de giro (Rg) da SPI (aq) é 20 nm e aumenta para 30 nm em emulsões o/a; as proteínas atuam como moléculas anfifílicas expondo seus núcleos hidrofóbicos ao óleo e os resíduos hidrofílicos à fase aquosa. Este valor ainda é maior após o spray drying das emulsões, na interface o/ar das respectivas microcápsulas. As paredes das microcápsulas são fractais de objetos agregados com superfícies rugosas, que são alisadas pela presença de um agente de reticulação.

Herein, the emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were highlighted by showing that the macromolecules undergo conformational changes when adsorbed at interfaces. The conformation of protein chains nested at the interfacial region of oil in water (o/w) emulsions by means of X-ray scattering (SAXS) and direct imaging (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) techniques was investigated. The mean radius of gyration (Rg) for SPI (aq) is 20 nm and increases up to 30 nm in o/w emulsions; the proteins act as amphiphilic molecules by exposing their hydrophobic core to the oil and their hydrophilic amino acid residues to the water phase. By spray drying the emulsions, it was also possible to measure the size (Rg = 40 nm) and to evaluate the morphology of these proteins at the oil/air interface of the respective microcapsules. The walls of microcapsules are fractals of clustered objects with rough surfaces, which are smoothed by the presence of a cross-linking agent.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20130130 1884 downloads

Estudo das dispersões aquosas de nanotubos de carbono utilizando diferentes surfactantes
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Silva, Isabella R. da

; Barreto, Pedro L. M.

; Bellettini, Ismael C.

Química Nova

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2013, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 5 - 9

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The dispersion of carbon nanotubes in water for their utilization in nanoscale devices is a challenging task. Comparative studies on interaction and dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) using two different surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS, and polyoxyethylenesorbitanmonooleate, Tween 80) are presented. The interaction between carbon nanotubes and surfactants was studied by tensiometry, conductivimetry, and fluorimetry. The dispersions of MWNT in surfactants were characterized using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. For effective dispersion, the minimum weight ratio of MWNT to surfactant was 1:41 and 1:3 for SDS and Tween 80, respectively.

4458 downloads

II Consenso Brasileiro de Tuberculose: Diretrizes Brasileiras para Tuberculose 2004
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Castelo Filho, Adauto

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Barreto, Ângela Werneck

; Lemos, Antonio Carlos Moreira

; Netto, Antonio Ruffino

; Guimarães, Carlos Alberto

; Silva, Célio Lopes

; Sant'anna, Clemax do Couto

; Haddad, David Jamil

; Lima, Dinalva Soares

; Matos, Eliana Dias

; Melo, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Melo, Fernando Augusto Fiúza de

; Gerhardt Filho, Germano

; Marsico, Giovanni Antonio

; Silva, Guida

; Siqueira, Hélio Ribeiro

; Campos, Hisbello

; Saconato, Humberto

; Dourado, Inês

; Rosemberg, José

; Braga, José Ueleres

; Santos, Joseney Raimundo dos

; Seiscento, Márcia

; Conde, Marcus Barreto

; Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti

; Almeida, Margarida Mattos Brito de

; Penna, Maria Lucia Fernandes

; Barreto, Maurício L.

; Hijjar, Miguel Aiub

; Andrade, Mônica Kramer de Noronha

; Cardoso, Ninarosa Calvazara

; Pineda, Norma Irene Soza

; Leite, Olavo Henrique Munhoz

; Picon, Pedro

; Silva, Rodney Frare e

; Cavalcanti, Solange

; Pereira, Susan M.

; Augusto, Valéria Maria

; Galesi, Vera

; Pinto, Walkyria Pereira

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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jun 2004, Volume 30 Suppl. 1 Pages S57 - S86

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

52855 downloads

The Bambuí Health and Aging Study (BHAS): private health plan and medical care utilization by older adults
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Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda F.

; Guerra, Henrique L.

; Firmo, Josélia O. A.

; Vidigal, Pedro G.

; Uchoa, Elizabeth

; Barreto, Sandhi M.

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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feb 2002, Volume 18 N. 1 Pages 177 - 186

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste estudo seccional foi investigar se a cobertura de um plano privado de saúde afeta o uso de serviços médicos (consultas e hospitalizações) e o consumo de medicamentos entre idosos. Todos os residentes na cidade de Bambuí (Minas Gerais) com idade > ou = 60 anos (n = 1.742) foram selecionados. Destes, 92,2% e 85,9% foram entrevistados e examinados (exames de sangue e medidas físicas), respectivamente. Após ajustamentos por variáveis de confusão, os idosos que dependiam dos serviços públicos (n = 1.296), em comparação aos que possuíam plano privado de saúde (n = 310), apresentaram evidências de pior condição de saúde, visitaram menos o médico e usaram menor número de medicamentos prescritos. A principal explicação para a cobertura de um plano privado foi econômica e não a condição de saúde. Embora a proporção dos que se queixaram dos serviços médicos tenha sido mais alta entre os que dependiam dos serviços públicos (70,9%), esta queixa também foi importante entre os que possuíam plano de saúde privado (45,2% relataram). O relato de dificuldades para adquirir medicamentos devido a problemas financeiros foi alto (25,2 e 47,2%). Novas investigações são necessárias para determinar se estes resultados são generalizáveis para outras comunidades do país.

The aim of this cross sectional study was to investigate whether holding a private health plan affects the consumption of medical services (hospitalization and visits to a doctor) and use of medications by older adults. All residents in Bambuí town (Minas Gerais, Brazil) aged > or = 60 years (n = 1,742) were selected. From these, 92.2% were interviewed and 85.9% were examined (blood tests and physical measurements). After adjustments for counfounders, those under exclusive public coverage (n = 1,296), compared with those holding a private health plan (n = 310), presented some evidence of having worse health status, reported less visits to a doctor, and used a small number of prescribed medications. The main explanation for the aged holding a private health plan was economic, not health. Even though those who had only public health coverage complained more in relation to medical care (70.9%), an important proportion of the aged with a private health care plan presented some kind of complaint (45.2%). Another worrying factor was the difficulty to acquire medication because of financial problems (47.2 and 25.2% reported, respectively). Further investigations are needed to verify whether our results can be generalized to other communities of the country.

1742 downloads

The Bambuí Health and Aging Study (BHAS): private health plan and medical care utilization by older adults
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Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda F.

; Guerra, Henrique L.

; Firmo, Josélia O. A.

; Vidigal, Pedro G.

; Uchoa, Elizabeth

; Barreto, Sandhi M.

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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feb 2002, Volume 18 N. 1 Pages 177 - 186

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

1330 downloads

10.

Intercorrências clínicas na Síndrome de Turner
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Guimarães, Marília M.

; Guerra, Carla T.G.

; Alves, Solange T.F.

; Cunha, Maria C.S.A.

; Marins, Luiz A.

; Barreto, Luiz F.M.

; Teich, Evelyn

; Santos, Flávia N.

; Ornellas, José F.R.

; Carakushansky, Gerson

; Pinheiro, Gustavo

; Oliveira, Helena P.

; Beserra, Isabel C.R.

; Ghiaroni, Juraci

; Peixoto, Marcelo V.

; Farias, Maria L.F.

; Lanfredi, Mônica M.A.

; Proença, Munira A.

; Ramalho, Paula P.

; Pinheiro, Pedro S.

; Zagury, Roberto L.

; Antunes, Roberto A.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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aug 2001, Volume 45 N. 4 Pages 331 - 338

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste trabalho descrevemos as malformações e co-morbidades observadas em pacientes com síndrome de Turner (ST). Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, avaliando os prontuários de 60 pacientes cujo diagnóstico de ST foi confirmado através do cariótipo, desde a fase pré-natal até a idade de 49 anos. As pacientes encontram-se com idades entre 1 e 50 anos e foram evoluídas num período de 4 meses a 29 anos. Trinta e uma apresentavam o cariótipo 45XO, 24 eram mosaico e 5 apresentavam o padrão 46Xi, (i,Xq). Todas tinham baixa estatura e algum tipo de estigma. Cinco (8,3%) não apresentavam outras malformações congênitas e eram saudáveis; 55 (91,6%) apresentavam doenças associadas, sendo que em 23 (38,3%) foram detectadas doenças endócrinas, em 16 (26,6%) otorrinolaringológicas, 15 (25%) cardiológicas, 14 (23,3%) nefrológicas e 6 (10%) gastrointestinais. Entre as doenças endócrinas mais comuns, observamos hipotireoidismo (36,6%), seguido de osteoporose (18,3%) e hiperlipemia (11,6%). As doenças otorrinolaringológicas mais comuns foram as infecções (otite média e amigdalite); das doenças cardiológicas, as valvulopatias (principalmente aorta bicúspide), das nefrológicas as duplicações do sistema coletor e rotações renais e das gastrointestinais foram observados dois casos de divertículo de Meckel. Encontramos maior prevalência de malformações cardíacas nas pacientes com cariótipo 45XO, embora sem significância estatística quando considerados os demais cariótipos. Concluímos que, devido à alta ocorrência de doenças nesta síndrome, estas devem ser acompanhadas periodicamente em diferentes especialidades.

A retrospective study was held on data of 60 patients with Turner's Syndrome (TS), aiming to report the most prevalent diseases in this syndrome. Diagnosis was confirmed by kariotype from the prenatal period to the age of 49 years. At the time of the study the age of the patients ranged from 1 to 50 years, and they were observed during 4 months to 29 years. Thirty-one patients presented 45XO kariotype, 24 were mosaic and 5 were 46Xi, (i,Xq). All presented with low stature and some stigmas. Five (8.3%) did not present other diseases and are currently healthy. In 55 (91.6%) the following associate diseases were observed: 23 (38.3%) had endocrine, 16 (26.6%) ear, throat and nose, 15 (25%) cardiologic, 14 (23.3%) renal and 6 (10%) gastrointestinal diseases. The most common endocrine diseases were hypothyroidism (36.6%), osteoporosis (18.3%) and hyperlipidemia (11.6%). The most frequent ear, nose and throat diseases were infections (media otitis and tonsillitis). Congenital diseases of the aorta valve (bicuspid aorta valve) and double collecting systems with renal rotation were the most prevalent cardiac and renal diseases, respectively. Two patients had a diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum. Although congenital diseases were more common in 45XO patients, no statistical significant difference was found concerning the prevalence of the diseases on other karyotypes. We conclude that special support must be given to patients with TS, with periodical assistance by multiple specialists.

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11.

The Bambuí Health and Aging study (BHAS): prevalence of risk factors and use of preventive health care services
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Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda

; Barreto, Sandhi M.

; Uchôa, Elizabeth

; Firmo, Josélia O. A.

; Vidigal, Pedro G.

; Guerra, Henrique L.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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apr 2001, Volume 9 N. 4 Pages 219 - 227

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Objective. To describe, for the first time in Brazil, the prevalence of risk factors and the use of preventive health care services among adults 60 years and older. Methods. This population-based study was conducted during 1996-1997 in the state of Minas Gerais, in the town of Bambuí, which is located in the municipality of the same name. In 1996 the town had 14 950 inhabitants. For the study, all the town's residents aged > or = 60 years were selected, along with a comparison sample of persons aged 18-59 years. Data were gathered using interviews and physical examinations. Results. Of the 1 742 inhabitants of the town of Bambuí aged > or = 60 years, 1 606 (92.2%) participated in the interview and 1 495 (85.8%) were examined (blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and blood tests). Among the 1 020 younger adults selected for the survey, 909 of them (89.1%) participated in the interview, and 820 of them (80.4%) underwent the physical examination. The prevalence of the following risk factors was higher among older adults than among younger adults: physical inactivity (47.7% vs. 28.0%); blood pressure 140-159 mmHg (systolic) or 90-99 mmHg (diastolic) (25.8% vs. 8.7%); blood pressure > or = 160 mmHg (systolic) or > or = 100 mmHg (diastolic) (19.1% vs. 4.1%); total cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dL (40.6% vs. 9.8%); and blood glucose > or = 126 mg/dL (12.4% vs. 2.2%). The daily consumption of fruits and vegetables was similar among the older adults and the younger ones (51.9% and 51.7%), as was also body mass index > or = 25 kg/m² (51.6% and 56.2%). Smoking was lower among the older adults (18.7%) than among the younger ones (31.1%). The proportion of participants whose blood pressure had been checked in the preceding year was high (86.8% among the older adults and 61.2% among the younger ones), suggesting that the high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was not due to limited access to health care. Conclusions. For a long time it was believed that the kinds of risk factors that we found in the urban section of the municipality of Bambuí were public health problems only in large Brazilian cities. Around 72% of the municipalities in Brazil have<= 20 000 inhabitants, and these smaller municipalities contain some 19% of the country's entire population. The high prevalence of various risk factors among the older and younger adults in Bambuí indicates a great need for health promotion and disease prevention actions. More research is needed to find out whether our results in Bambuí reflect the reality of other small towns in Brazil.

Objetivos. Describir por primera vez en Brasil la prevalencia de factores de riesgo y el uso de servicios de salud preventivos por parte de los adultos de edad > o = 60 años. Métodos. Este estudio basado en la población se realizó en 1996-1997 en la ciudad de Bambuí, localizada en el municipio del mismo nombre, Estado de Minas Gerais. En 1996 la ciudad tenía 14 950 habitantes. Para este estudio se seleccionaron todos los residentes en la ciudad con > o = 60 años y una muestra de comparación formada por personas de 18 a 59 años. Los datos registrados se obtuvieron mediante entrevistas y exámenes físicos. Resultados. De los 1 742 habitantes de la ciudad de Bambuí de edad > o = 60 años, 1 606 (92,2%) participaron en la entrevista y 1 495 (85,8%) fueron examinados (mediciones antropométricas y de la tensión arterial y pruebas de sangre). De los 1 020 adultos más jóvenes seleccionados para el estudio, 909 (89,1%) participaron en la entrevista y 820 (80,4%) fueron examinados. La prevalencia de los siguientes factores de riesgo fue mayor en los adultos de edad > o = 60 años que en los adultos más jóvenes: inactividad física (47,7 frente a 28,0%); tensión sistólica de 140-159 mm Hg o diastólica de 90-99 mm Hg (25,8 frente a 8,7%); tensión sistólica > o = 160 mm Hg o diastólica > o = 100 mm Hg (19,1 frente a 4,1%); colesterol total > o = 240 mg/dL (40,6 frente a 9,8%), y glucemia > o = 126 mg/dL (12,4 frente a 2,2%). El consumo diario de frutas y vegetales fue similar en ambos grupos (51,9 frente a 51,7%), al igual que el índice de masa corporal > o = 25 kg/m² (51,6 frente a 56,2%). El consumo de tabaco fue menor en el grupo de más edad (18,7%, frente a 31,1% en los adultos más jóvenes); con la proporción de participantes cuya tensión arterial había sido registrada durante el año anterior ocurrió lo contrario (86,8%, frente a 61,2% en los adultos más jóvenes), lo cual indica que la mayor prevalencia de la hipertensión no controlada no se debió a limitaciones en el acceso a la atención sanitaria. Conclusiones. Durante mucho tiempo se ha creído que los factores de riesgo encontrados en este estudio en la zona urbana del municipio de Bambuí solo constituían problemas de salud pública en las grandes ciudades brasileñas. Cerca del 72% de los municipios de Brasil tienen <= 20 000 habitantes y estos pequeños municipios representan cerca del 19% de la población total del país. La alta prevalencia de varios factores de riesgo en los adultos ancianos y más jóvenes de Bambuí señala la gran necesidad de acciones de promoción de la salud y de prevención de enfermedades. Son necesarias más investigaciones para determinar si estos resultados obtenidos en Bambuí reflejan la realidad de otras pequeñas ciudades de Brasil.

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