ABSTRACT In Fortaleza, the capital of Ceara State, Brazil, the detection rate of tuberculosis (TB) in 2018 was 65.5/100,000 inhabitants with a cure rate of 59.1%, which is higher than the country average. This study investigated the risk factors associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and identified the drug-resistance phenotype and resistance-conferring mutations. The geographic distribution of DR-TB in Fortaleza, Brazil, was also determined. From March 2017 to February 2018, 41 DR-TB isolates and 69 drug-susceptible pulmonary TB isolates were obtained from patients seen at a referral hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. Samples were subjected to phenotypic and genetic analysis of resistance; the spatial distribution of the participants was also analyzed. Primary resistance was high (50.9%) among participants. The following risk factors for DR were identified: being female ( p = 0.03), having diabetes ( p < 0.01), history of previous TB disease ( p < 0.01), and the number of intra-domiciliary contacts ( p < 0.01). Analysis by multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction detected mutations in the genes katG (65.8%) , rpoB (43.9%), inhA promoter (14.6%), and gyrA (9.8%). Sequencing identified mutations in the the genes katG (75.6%), inhA promoter (19.5%), rpoB (85.4%), and gyrA (100%). There was no mutation in the rrs gene. Spatial analysis showed DR-TB isolates distributed in areas of low socioeconomic status in the city of Fortaleza. Our results emphasized the importance of detecting resistance to TB drugs. The resistance found in the gene gyrA is of concern due to the high number of pre-extensive DR-TB cases in Fortaleza.

Com o advento da agricultura moderna, as sementes crioulas foram, em geral, substituídas por cultivares híbridos, com elevado potencial produtivo, porém mais dependentes de insumos e tecnologias intensivas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar variedades de milho crioulo, de forma a identificar materiais mais produtivos e que propiciem o processo sustentável no qual os próprios grãos possam ser utilizados como semente. Foram avaliadas 15 variedades de milho crioulo, tendo como testemunhas as cultivares comerciais BR 106 e IPR 114. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Arapongas e Imbaú, Estado do Paraná, durante o ano agrícola de 2004/2005, sem a utilização de insumos externos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por duas linhas de 4 m, espaçadas 90 cm entre linhas e com 20 plantas/linha. As variedades crioulas P-13, P-15 e P-05 demonstraram potencial produtivo elevado em sistemas de baixo nível tecnológico, dentro de cada local, assim como na média dos locais. As variedades P-19 e P-10 têm sua recomendação restrita à localidade de Imbaú, enquanto que P-16 e P-17 serão direcionadas para a localidade de Arapongas.

With the advent of modern agriculture, landrace seeds were replaced by hybrid cultivars, which feature high grain yield potential - though more dependent on intensive technologies. The objective of this work was to evaluate maize landraces, in order to identify more productive materials that can lead a sustainable process in which the grains themselves in which can be used as seed. Fifteen maize varieties were evaluated, with commercial cultivars BR 106 and IPR 114 as controls. The experiments were carried out in Arapongas and Imbaú (Paraná State), during the 2004/2005 agricultural year, without external input. The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The plots were two 4-m rows, spaced 90 cm apart, with 20 plants/row. The landrace varieties P-13, P-15 and P-05 showed high productive potential in low technological level systems, at each location, as well as in the average of both locales. The varieties P-19 and P-10 have their recommendation restricted to Imbaú, while P-16 and P-17 will be indicated for Arapongas.