Abstract The use of high permittivity materials on substrates of a microstrip antenna was developed with Bismuth Niobate ceramic doped with vanadium Oxide (BiNbO4 (V2O5)) and compared with an antenna of silicon dioxide substrate (SiO2) using Ansys software HFSS and CST Studio. The ceramic antenna has -20 dB at 3.5 GHz and the silicon dioxide antenna -24.7 dB of reflection coefficient. The bandwidth values are 80 MHz for the bismuth ceramic antenna and 100 MHz for the silica antenna. The results demonstrate that the proposed BiNbO4 antenna has great advantage compared to those mentioned in terms of volume reduction, presenting results similar to those antennas with higher volume. In addition, we use copper periodic structures (EBG) in order to increase the gain in associated with the use of BiNbO4 with addition of V2O5 on the antenna substrate leading to a reduction in the total volume. Therefore, the proposed Bismuth Niobate antenna proves to be an excellent alternative for 5G technology and microwave S band (2-4 GHz) devices, highlighting the mentioned advantages.

Resumo A escassez de dados pluviográficos em Alagoas, similar em muitas regiões do país, faz com que utilizem equações de regressão obtidas em outras regiões do Brasil para calcular o fator R da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo. O estudo tem por objetivos: i) definir uma equação para estimar a erosividade das chuvas baseada no índice EI30 e no coeficiente de chuva Rc, ii) validar o método de imputação de dados para a chuva e erosividade e iii) estimar espacialmente a erosividade nos períodos chuvoso, seco e transição para Alagoas. Utilizaram-se dados pluviométricos mensais de 54 estações no período (1960-2016). A equação utilizada apresentou correlação significativa entre os dados observados e estimados, de acordo com os coeficientes r (93%), R2 (87%) e RMSE (775,2 MJ.mm.ha−1.h−1.ano−1). A Krigagem Ordinária foi o melhor interpolador espacial. A isoerosividade mensal mostrou que os maiores índices de EI30 ocorreram entre abril e julho, período coincidente com a quadra chuvosa do estado. Na erosividade anual, os maiores registros estão situados no Leste Alagoano, próximas ao litoral. Destaque para as estações Satuba, Maceió, São Luiz do Quitunde e Flexeiras, categorizadas entre moderada e forte. Estes resultados auxiliarão no planejamento de práticas conservacionistas, principalmente em áreas de vulnerabilidade.

Abstract The lack of rainfall data in Alagoas, similar in many regions of the country, makes them use regression equations obtained in other regions of Brazil to calculate the R factor of the Universal Soil Loss Equation. The study aims to: i) define an equation to estimate rainfall erosivity based on the EI30 index and the rain coefficient Rc, ii) validate the data imputation method for rain and erosivity and iii) spatially estimate erosivity in rainy, dry and transition periods to Alagoas. Monthly rainfall data from 54 stations in the period (1960-2016) were used. The equation used showed a significant correlation between the observed and estimated data, according to the coefficients r (93%), R2 (87%) and RMSE (775.2 MJ.mm.ha−1.h−1). The Ordinary Kriging was the best spatial interpolator. The monthly isoerosivity showed that the highest EI30 rates occurred between April and July, a period coinciding with the rainy season in the state. In annual erosivity, the largest records are located in eastern Alagoas, close to the coast. Highlight for the stations Satuba, Maceió, São Luiz do Quitunde and Flexeiras, categorized between moderate and strong. These results will assist in planning conservation practices, especially in areas of vulnerability.

RESUMO A disposição indiscriminada de resíduos da indústria petrolífera levam a contaminação dos solos e mananciais, afetando toda a biota. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos teores de bário e chumbo em área de disposição de resíduos de perfuração de poços de petróleo. O Latossolo estudado encontra-se no município de Santa Maria do Oeste, no estado do Paraná-Brasil. Para a determinação da variabilidade espacial dos metais criou-se uma grade de amostragem com 76 pontos. Em cada ponto, foram coletadas amostras de solo nas profundidades: 0-0.3, 0.3-0.6, 0.6-0.9 e 0.9-1.2 m para a determinação dos teores de bário e chumbo. A geração dos mapas de bário e chumbo foi realizada através de interpoladores geoestatísticos com determinação da dependência espacial, modelagem e validação de semivariogramas experimentais e sua interpolação. Selecionou-se 30 amostras com concentrações de bário e chumbo mais elevadas para realização de ensaios de lixiviação e solubilização. Na análise do semivariograma verificou-se dependência espacial, permitindo a confecção de mapas por krigagem para os dois metais. Os elevados teores encontrados foram decorrentes das atividades associadas à perfuração de poços, visto que, não foi encontrado correspondência direta com a geologia das rochas locais e a gênese. As concentrações dos metais foram superiores aos valores de investigação considerando o cenário Agrícola/AP-Máx, caracterizando a área sujeita a "Investigação", pertencendo a Classe 4, área contaminada. Apesar desses metais possuírem baixa solubilidade, demonstrando baixo risco de contaminação de águas subsuperficiais, podem apresentar risco de contaminação de corpos d'água por meio do carreamento desse solo.

ABSTRACT Indiscriminate disposal of waste from the oil industry has led to contamination of soils and water sources and toxic effects in the biota. Thus, this study aimed to assess barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) spatial variability in disposal sites for oil well drilling and prospecting wastes. The soil in the study area is classified as Red Latosol, and the area is located in Santa Maria do Oeste, Paraná State (Brazil). Barium and Pb spatial variabilities were determined using a 76-point sampling grid. The levels of metals were determined in soil samples collected at each sampling point, at the depth ranges of 0.0-0.3, 0.3-0.6, 0.6-0.9 and 0.9-1.2 m. Data were mapped using geostatistical interpolators for spatial dependence determination, modeling and validation of semivariograms, and respective interpolation. Thirty Ba and Pb high concentration samples were selected for leaching and solubilization assays. As semivariogram analysis showed spatial dependence, mapping by ordinary kriging was performed for both metals. The high levels found for both metals arose from well drilling activities, as no direct relationship was found between such levels with geology and genesis of the local rock. The concentrations of the metals were higher than the research values considering the Agricultural / AP-Max scenario, therefore, the study area was characterized as class 4 (contaminated). Although these metals have low solubility, i.e. low contamination risk to subsurface waters, they may pose contamination risks to water bodies by means of soil runoff.

Abstract The development of molecular markers is essential for improvement of soybean cultivars with modified fatty acid content. The objective of this study was to identify and validate SNP markers in candidate genes for fatty acid content in soybean. Six candidate genes (ARAF, PDAT, ABI3, FAD2-1b, FAD3B, and FAD3C) were selected. Alignment of gene sequences identified 25 SNPs and 3 INDELs. TSP primers were used to identify SNP alleles. 259 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) (FA22 / CD219) and 185 F2 progenies (A29 / Tucunaré) were tested for association of SNPs. An SNP for FAD3B was associated with variation in content of linoleic acid (R2 = 5.84%) and linolenic acid (R2 = 6.79%). In FAD3C, an SNP was associated with linoleic and linolenic acids (R2 of 9.21% and 18.51%, respectively). The ABI3 gene was associated with palmitic acid, with R2 = 5.41%. The SNP markers identified will be used in assisted selection for improvement of fatty acid content.

ABSTRACT Soybeans contain about 30% carbohydrate, mainly consisting of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and oligosaccharides. NSP are not hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals. These NSP negatively affect the development of these animals, especially the soluble fraction. This work aimed to establish a method to quantify NSP in soybeans, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and to estimate correlations between NSP, oligosaccharides, protein and oil. Sucrose, raffinose + stachyose, soluble and insoluble NSP contents were determined by HPLC. Oil and protein contents were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The soluble PNAs content showed no significant correlation with protein, oil, sucrose and raffinose + stachyose contents, but oligosaccharides showed a negative correlation with protein content. These findings open up the possibility of developing cultivars with low soluble NSP content, aiming to develop feed for monogastric animals.

Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar el contenido de proteína y la diversidad genética de genotipos de soya en regiones de QTL del contenido de proteína para fines de mejoramiento genético. Veintinueve genotipos fueron cultivados en el campo en cuatro ambientes (Viçosa-MG Dec/2009, Visconde do Rio Branco-MG Feb/2010, São Gotardo-MG Feb/2010, y São Gotardo-MG Oct/2011), utilizando un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. El contenido de proteína se determinó por espectrometría del infrarrojos. La diversidad genética fue estimada por el análisis de 39 marcadores microsatélites de regiones de QTL del contenido de proteína en el grano. Los pares de genotipos con mayores distancias genéticas y niveles proteicos fueron BARC-8/CS3032PTA276-3-4 (D=0,71) (45,18%/44,31%); BARC-8/CS3032PTA276-1-2 (D=0,71) (45,18%/43,75%); BARC-8/CS3032PTA190-5-1 (D=0,71) (45,18%/43,63%); B3PTA382-2-10/CS3032PTA276-3-4 (D=0,62) (43,80%/44,31%); CS3032PTA276-1-2/B3PTA382-2-10 (D=0,62) (43,75%/43,80%); B3PTA382-2-10/CS3032PTA190-5-1 (D=0,62) (43,80%/43,63%); B3PTA216-1-9/CS3032PTA276-3-4 (D=0,61) (43,48%/44,31%); y B3PTA216-1-9/CS3032PTA276-1-2 (D=0,61) (43,48%/43,75%). Otras combinaciones prometedores para mejorar el contenido de proteína son BR8014887/CS3032PTA190-5-1 (D=0,57) (44,71%/43,63%); BARC-8/CS3032PTA182 (D=0,78) (45,18%/41,84%); BR8014887/CS3032PTA182 (D=0,65) (44,71%/41,84%); BR8014887/PI417360 (D=0,76) (44,71%/41,01%); y PI417360/B3PTA216-1-9 (D=0,80) (41,01%/43,48%). Estos pares de genotipos cuando cruzados debe producir poblaciones con mayores medias y varianzas genéticas y mayores ganancias con la selección.

Abstract The aim of this research were to determine protein content and genetic divergence of soybean genotypes in QTL regions of the trait grain protein content for plant breeding purposes. Twenty-nine soybean genotypes were grown in the field in four environments (Viçosa-MG Dec/2009, Visconde do Rio Branco-MG Feb/2010, São Gotardo-MG Feb/2010, and São Gotardo-MG Oct/2011) using the randomized block design with three replicates. The grain protein content was quantified by the infrared spectrometry method. The genetic divergence was estimated by the analysis of 39 microsatellite markers from QTL regions for the soybean grain protein content. The pairs of genotypes with greater genetic distances and protein contents were as follows: BARC-8/CS3032PTA276-3-4 (D=0.71) (45.18%/44.31%); BARC-8/CS3032PTA276-1-2 (D=0.71) (45.18%/43.75%); BARC-8/CS3032PTA190-5-1 (D=0.71) (45.18%/43.63%); B3PTA382-2-10/CS3032PTA276-3-4 (D=0.62) (43.80%/44.31%); CS3032PTA276-1-2/B3PTA382-2-10 (D=0.62) (43.75%/43.80%); B3PTA382-2-10/CS3032PTA190-5-1 (D=0.62) (43.80%/43.63%); B3PTA216-1-9/CS3032PTA276-3-4 (D=0.61) (43.48%/44.31%); and B3PTA216-1-9/CS3032PTA276-1-2 (D=0.61) (43.48%/43.75%), respectively. Other promising combinations for the improvement of protein content were as follows: BR8014887/CS3032PTA190-5-1 (D=0.57) (44.71%/43.63%); BARC-8/CS3032PTA182 (D=0.78) (45.18%/41.84%); BR8014887/CS3032PTA182 (D=0.65) (44.71%/41.84%); BR8014887/PI417360 (D=0.76) (44.71%/41.01%), respectively; and PI417360/B3PTA216-1-9 (D=0.80) (41.01%/43.48%). These pairs of genotypes when crossed should produce populations with higher means and genetic variances and greater gains with selection.

ABSTRACT The development of efficient and low-cost genotyping methods is essential to precise genetic characterization of cultivars. Here, we present a system based on fluorescently labeled universal tail sequence primers (UTSP) to resolve microsatellite (SSR) markers as an alternative for molecular fingerprinting of maize. A set of 20 SSRs using the UTSP presented an average polymorphic information content of 0.84, which provided a probability of random identity ranging from 10−7 to 10−14, and a minimum exclusion power of 99.99998 % in a group of 48 tropical maize single-cross hybrids traded in Brazil. The genetic diversity analysis based on multidimensional scaling explained approximately 28 % of the total variance for the first two coordinates, tending to group the hybrids according to their respective origin. Additionally, this genotyping system presented a high distinctiveness capacity, which is widely recommended for genetic purity and fingerprinting analyses. Thus, this marker system has a strong potential as a tool for complementary analysis of distinguishability, uniformity and stability required for cultivar registration.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a divergência genética entre 49 genótipos de soja ( Glycinemax L. Merrill.), visando auxiliar programas de melhoramento voltados à qualidade do grão na escolha de progenitores. A divergência genética foi estimada por meio da distância generalizada de Mahalanobis a partir dos percentuais de proteína, óleo e ácidos graxos oleico, linoleico e linolênico após cultivo dos genótipos em diferentes ambientes. Os genótipos foram agrupados por métodos aglomerativos e as projeções bi e tridimensional da matriz de distância foram obtidas. Os teores médios de proteína e óleo nos quatro ambientes variaram de 34,25 a 45,18% e de 16,48 a 23,01%, respectivamente. Os teores médios dos ácidos graxos oleico, linoleico e linolênico variaram de 20,2 a 42,41%, de 44,17 a 63,18% e de 5,89 a 10,39%, respectivamente. As distâncias genéticas variaram de 0,11 a 251,02 e indicaram variabilidade genética entre os acessos. O par de acessos mais divergente foi PI417360/CD01RR8384, seguido por PI417360/B3PTA213-3-4 e PI417360/BARC-8. Já o par de acessos mais similar foi CS3032PTA276-1-2/CS3032PTA190-5-1, seguido por UFV18/M-SOY8914 e BRSMG Garantia/CD983321RR. Neste estudo, são indicadas como promissoras em termos de variabilidade genética as hibridações envolvendo BARC-8, CD2013PTA, CD01RR8384, CS303TNKCA, PI181544 e PI417360. Dentre esses genótipos, destacam-se BARC-8 e CD2013PTA, com teores proteicos acima de 43%, e CD01RR8384 e CS303TNKCA, com teores de óleo acima de 20%. A utilização desses genótipos geneticamente divergentes e com elevadas médias fenotípicas em futuros cruzamentos deverá produzir recombinantes desejáveis para a qualidade do grão.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper was to estimate the genetic divergence among 49 soybean ( Glycine max L. Merrill .) genotypes to assist grain quality-focused breeding programs in the choice of progenitors. The genetic divergence was estimated using the Mahalanobis generalized distance from the percentages of protein, oil, and fatty acids oleic, linoleic and linolenic after cultivation of genotypes in different environments. Genotypes were grouped by agglomerative methods and the two and three-dimensional projections of the distance matrix were obtained. The average protein and oil contents in the four environments ranged from 34.25 to 45.18% and from 16.48 to 23.01%, respectively. The average contents of the fatty acids oleic, linoleic and linolenic ranged from 20.2 to 42.41%, from 44.17 to 63.18%, and from 5.89 to 10.39%, respectively. The genetic distances ranged from 0.11 to 251.02 and indicated genetic variability among the accessions. The most divergent pair of accessions was PI417360/CD01RR8384, followed by PI417360/B3PTA213-3-4 and PI417360/BARC-8. The most similar par of accessions was CS3032PTA276-1-2/CS3032PTA190-5-1, followed by UFV18/M-SOY8914 and BRSMG Garantia/CD983321RR. In this study we indicated as promising in terms of genetic variability the hybridizations involving BARC-8, CD2013PTA, CD01RR8384, CS303TNKCA, PI181544, and PI417360. Among these genotypes we can stand out BARC-8 and CD2013PTA, with protein contents above 43%, and CD01RR8384 and CS303TNKCA, with oil contents above 20%. The use of these genetically divergent genotypes and with high phenotypic means in future crosses should produce desirable recombinants for grain quality.

Abstract The objective of this work was to map QTL for agronomic traits in a Brazilian soybean population. For this, 207 F2:3 progenies from the cross CS3035PTA276-1-5-2 x UFVS2012 were genotyped and cultivated in Viçosa-MG, using randomized block design with three replications. QTL detection was carried out by linear regression and composite interval mapping. Thirty molecular markers linked to QTL were detected by linear regression for the total of nine agronomic traits. QTL for SWP (seed weight per plant), W100S (weight of 100 seeds), NPP (number of pods per plant), and NSP (number of seeds per plant) were detected by composite interval mapping. Four QTL with additive effect are promising for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Particularly, the markers Satt155 and Satt300 could be useful in simultaneous selection for greater SWP, NPP, and NSP.

RESUMO A baixa diversidade genética traz limitação ao melhoramento de plantas, pois genótipos semelhantes compartilham alelos em comum causando pouca complementaridade e baixo vigor , devido aos baixos níveis de heterozigosidade obtidos nos cruzamentos .Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar o teor de óleo e a diversidade genética de genótipos de soja com base em regiões de QTL desta característica para a escolha de progenitores visando ao aumento no teor de óleo em soja. Vinte e dois genótipos com ampla variação no teor de óleo incluindo cultivares com altos teores foram cultivados em diferentes condições brasileiras e o teor de óleo nos grãos foi quantificado por espectrometria do infravermelho. Para estimar a diversidade genética foram analisados marcadores microssatélites selecionados com base em regiões de QTL para o teor de óleo em soja. Nestes estudos observou-se ampla variação quanto ao teor de óleo nos grãos e razoável diversidade genética entre os genótipos, sendo a PI181544 a mais divergente, seguida por Suprema. Os genótipos PI371610/Suprema e Suprema/CD01RR8384 mostraram distância genética e maiores teores de óleo nos grãos. Já as cultivares Suprema e CD01RR8384 tiveram os mais altos teores de óleo e se mostraram pouco relacionadas geneticamente. Estes genótipos são progenitores promissores para a seleção de alto teor de óleo em soja.

ABSTRACT The low genetic diversity brings limitation to breeding, because genetically similar genotypes share alleles in common, causing little complementarity and low vigor due to the low levels of heterozygosity in crosses. The objective of this work was to analyze the oil content and genetic diversity of soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) based on QTL regions of this trait for choice of progenitors for increase in oil content. Twenty-two genotypes with wide variation in oil content, including cultivars with high oil contents, were cultivated in different Brazilian conditions and the oil content of the grains was quantified by infrared spectrometry. Microsatellite markers selected based on QTL regions for oil content in soybean were analyzed to estimate the genetic diversity. In these studies, a wide variation in oil content (17.28-23.01%) and a reasonable diversity among the genotypes were observed, being PI181544 the most divergent genotype, followed by Suprema. The genotypes PI371610/Suprema and Suprema/CD01RR8384 showed genetic distance and higher oil contents in the grains, while the cultivars Suprema and CD01RR8384 had the highest oil contents and proved to be little genetically related. These genotypes are promising progenitors for selection of high oil content in soybean.

Abstract Two retrotransposons from the superfamilies Copia and Gypsy named as Copia-LTR_SS and Gypsy-LTR_SS, respectively, were identified in the genomic bank of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These transposable elements (TEs) contained direct and preserved long terminal repeats (LTR). Domains related to codified regions for gag protein, integrase, reverse transcriptase and RNAse H were identified in Copia-LTR_SS, whereas in Gypsy-LTR_SS only domains for gag, reverse transcriptase and RNAse H were found. The abundance of identified LTR-Solo suggested possible genetic recombination events in the S. sclerotiorum genome. Furthermore, alignment of the sequences for LTR elements from each superfamily suggested the presence of a RIP (repeat-induced point mutation) silencing mechanism that may directly affect the evolution of this species.

Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de aquisição e análise de dados baseado em uma placa de som de computador para a medição e processamento de sinais de vibração. Este sistema transforma o computador em um instrumento de medição de dois canais, disponibilizando taxa de amostragem, amostragem simultânea, faixa de freqüência, filtros e outros recursos essenciais necessários para realizar medições de vibrações aleatórias. Um software com facilidades de utilização foi desenvolvido para o monitoramento e análise de vibrações, incluindo recursos para gravação de dados, processamento dos sinais e analisador de espectro em tempo real. Uma vez que as tarefas de aquisição de dados de vibração geralmente requerem hardware e software de custo elevado, este sistema versátil oferece aos estudantes uma solução precisa e barata para o estudo experimental de vibrações mecânicas.

This paper presents a data acquisition and analysis system based on a computer sound card for measuring and processing random vibration signals. This system turns the computer into a two-channel measurement instrument which provides sample rate, simultaneous sampling, frequency range, filters and others essential capabilities required to perform random vibrations measurements. An easy-to-use software was developed for vibration monitoring and analysis, including facilities for data recording, digital signal processing and real time spectrum analyzer. Since the tasks of vibration data acquisition frequently require expensive hardware and software, this versatile system provides students a very accurate and inexpensive solution for experimental studying mechanical vibrations.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre os parâmetros de divergência em regiões de QTLs e a variância genética em genótipos de soja, quanto aos teores de proteína e óleo nos grãos. Dois grupos de genótipos foram avaliados, em diferentes ambientes, quanto aos teores de proteína e óleo e genotipados com marcadores moleculares de regiões de QTLs. A partir de cada grupo, estabeleceram-se subgrupos por critérios pré-definidos e avaliou-se a relação entre os parâmetros, tendo-se comparado a divergência média e a variância genética entre os subgrupos. Os subgrupos foram definidos com base nos critérios de diferença em divergência média, homogeneidade e heterogeneidade nos subgrupos e proximidade em uma projeção tridimensional da matriz de distância. As percentagens de concordância entre maiores valores de divergência média e de variância genética para o total de subgrupos de cada grupo inicial foram de 72,5 e de 73,4%, respectivamente. Portanto, nestes genótipos, há relação positiva entre as estimativas de divergência em regiões de QTL e variância genética para os teores de proteína e de óleo dos grãos. As distâncias genéticas com base nos marcadores moleculares de regiões de QTLs são eficientes para a predição da variabilidade genética em genótipos de soja para os teores de proteína e de óleo dos grãos.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the parameters of divergence on QTL regions and the genetic variance in soybean genotypes for protein and oil contents. Two groups of genotypes were evaluated for protein and oil contents in different environments, and genotyped with molecular markers of QTL regions. Subgroups were established by predefined criteria from each group, and the relationship between the parameters was evaluated by comparing mean divergence and genetic variance between the subgroups. The subgroups were defined based on the criteria of difference of mean divergence, homogeneity and heterogeneity in the subgroups, and proximity in a three-dimensional projection of the distance matrix. Percentage agreement between the greater values for mean divergence and genetic divergence for the subgroup total of each initial group was 72.5 and 73.4%, respectively. Therefore, there is a positive relationship between the estimates on QTL regions and genetic variance for protein and oil contents in grains in these genotypes. The genetic distances based on molecular markers of QTL regions are efficient to predict the genetic variability in soybean genotypes, for protein and oil contents.

Este artigo mostra como três modelos acoplados do Intergovernmental on Panel Climate Change - (IPCC-AR4), o FGOALS1.0G - LASG do Institute of Atmospheric Physics of China, o GISSER da National Aeronautics Space Admnistration (NASA) e o GFDL_CM2 da National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), simularam a variabilidade do gradiente meridional de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM), entre os meses de fevereiro a maio, no Atlântico Tropical (1901-1999). A precipitação durante a estação chuvosa (fevereiro a maio) no setor norte do Nordeste do Brasil (NEB) foi também analisada pelos três modelos e comparada com as observações. Os modelos GISSER e FGOALS1.0G mostraram melhor desempenho na simulação do sinal do gradiente meridional de TSM no Atlântico Tropical para o período de 1901 a 1999. Destaca-se que os modelos apresentaram um melhor desempenho na simulação da tendência decadal, conseguindo explicar entre 50% a 80% da variabilidade do gradiente, com a TSM do setor sul sendo melhor simulada.

This article shows how three coupled models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC-AR4), the FGOALS1.0G - LASG of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of China, the GISSER of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the GFDL_CM2 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have simulated the meridional gradient variability of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic during February to May months for the period from 1901 to 1999. The precipitation during the rainy season (February-May) in the northern sector of Northeast Brazil (NEB) was also analyzed by those three models and compared with observations. The GISSER and FGOALS1.0G models showed better performance at signal simulation of signal of the meridional SST gradient over the tropical Atlantic for the period 1901-1999. It is noteworthy that the coupled models have performed better in simulating the decadal trend, explaining 50% to 80% of gradient variability, being the southern sector SST better simulated.

A seleção assistida por marcadores (SAM) permite identificarlinhagens resistentes com base em alelos de marcadores genéticos ligados aocaráter, o que reduz o número de linhagens avaliados fenotipicamente, uma daslimitações ao desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes ao nematoide de cistoda soja (NCS). Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência demicrossatélites próximos a QTLs de resistência ao NCS, nos grupos de ligação (GL) G e A2 da soja, na seleção de genótipos resistentes em populaçõesoriginadas do cruzamento entre as cultivares Vmax e CD201. O QTL do GL A2 nãofoi detectado em 'Vmax' (derivada da PI 88788). A SAM por microssatélites do GLG foi eficiente na seleção de famílias F6:7 resistentes emoderadamente resistentes à raça 3 do NCS. Os microssatélites Sat_168, Satt309e Sat_141 apresentaram eficiência de seleção maior que 93%.

Resistant lines can be identified by marker-assisted selection(MAS), based on alleles of genetic markers linked to the resistance trait. This reduces the number of phenotypically evaluated lines, one of the limitations in the development of cultivars with resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN).This study evaluated the efficiency of microsatellites near quantitative traitloci (QTL) for SCN resistance, in the linkage groups (LG) G and A2 of soybean, for the selection of resistant genotypes in populations originated from crosses between the cultivars Vmax and CD201. The QTL of LG A2 was not detected in 'Vmax' (derived from PI 88788). In MAS, the microsatellites of LG G were efficient in selecting F6:7 families with resistance and moderate resistance to SCN race 3. The selection efficiency of the microsatellites Sat_168, Satt309 and Sat_141 was greater than 93%.