Abstract Objective: to investigate direct perceptions of access to health services in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methodo: descriptive, in key informants selected intentionally not randomly based on relevant inclusion criteria. The Heads of the Prevention and Control Program for Pulmonary Tuberculosis and HIV / AIDS, at the national and provincial level, were selected. An interview guide was developed and validated by experts, with aspects of access to health services. This was done in optimal conditions and your consent to record was requested. The analysis of information content was organized according to Bardin's methodology, pre-analysis, exploration of the material and treatment of the results and interpretation. Results: There were perceptions by managers of alterations in the dynamics of care, opportunity and its continuity, education to the community and coworkers, involvement of population groups with social indiscipline, existence of social stigmas towards the disease, low participation of the sectors of the community to solve their difficulties, impossibility of always assuming food and transportation, the quality of human resources and program management. Conclusions: The directors of the tuberculosis prevention and control program perceived that there are difficulties in the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of health services in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, these identified elements can contribute to the redesign of the strategy of Elimination of the disease in Havana.

Resumen Objetivo: Indagar las percepciones de los directores sobre el acceso a los servicios de salud en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar. Materiales y métodos: Investigación descriptiva, en informantes claves seleccionados de forma intencional no aleatoria a partir de criterios de inclusión relevantes. Resultaron seleccionados 5 jefes de los Programa de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis pulmonar y VIH/sida, del nivel nacional y provincial. Se elaboró y validó por expertos una guía de entrevista, con los aspectos de acceso a los servicios de salud. La entrevista se realizó en óptimas condiciones y se solicitó su consentimiento para grabar. El análisis de contenido de la información, se organizó según la metodología de Bardin, preanálisis, exploración del material y tratamiento de los resultados e interpretación. Resultados: Las percepciones reportadas por los directivos fueron alteraciones en la dinámica de la atención, oportunidad y su continuidad, la educación a la comunidad y compañeros de trabajo, afectación de grupos poblacionales con indisciplina social, existencia de estigmas sociales hacia la enfermedad, poca participación de los sectores de la comunidad para resolver sus dificultades, imposibilidad de asumir siempre la alimentación y transportación, la calidad de los recursos humanos y gestión del programa. Conclusiones: Los directivos del programa de prevención y control de tuberculosis percibieron que existen dificultades en la disponibilidad, la accesibilidad, la aceptabilidad y la calidad de los servicios de salud en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar, estos elementos identificados pueden contribuir al rediseñó de la estrategia de eliminación de la enfermedad en La Habana.

Abstract: Biosphere reserves have among their functions to support scientific research, education, training and monitoring. In the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (RBCH), created in 2005, this function has been fulfilled with the creation of the Omora Ethnobotanical Park in 2000, and its implementation in 2008 as a co-founder site of the Chilean Network of Studies Long-Term Socio- Ecological (LTSER-Chile). In 2016, this network has been strengthened with the addition of the new Cape Horn Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research Network (LTER-Cape Horn). The latter includes the Omora Ethnobotanical Park, and three new sites added to the monitoring of the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion. From south to north, the four sites are: (1) Gonzalo Island (56°31’S; 68°43’O), at the southern end of the Diego Ramírez Archipelago, with sub- Antarctic vegetation dominated by grasses and cryptogams, devoid of woody species; (2) Horn Island (55°58’S; 67°13’O), at the southern end of the Cape Horn Archipelago, hosting the southernmost forest ecosystems on the planet, which are dominated by the evergreen beech (Nothofagus betuloides); (3) Omora Ethnobotanical Park (54°57’S; 67°40’O), Navarino Island, an ideal site for studies on climate change and its impact on biota and sub-Antarctic ecosystems, since it protects a watershed that includes a representative mosaic of characteristic habitats of the RBCH in an altitudinal gradient with a thermal decrease analogous to that which occurs with increases in latitude; and (4) Caleta 2 de Mayo Site (54°52’S; 68°41’O), Yendegaia Bay, in an ecotonal zone between evergreen and deciduous forests (product of the local climate gradient), at a site that will be central to future connectivity between Continental Chile, Tierra del Fuego, Navarino Island, and the RBCH. In 2015, UNESCO approved the Report of the First Periodic Review of the RBCH that proposed the protection of the Diego Ramírez Archipelago and the creation of the Diego Ramírez Islands-Drake Passage Marine Park. This goal was achieved with the promulgation of this new park on February 2, 2018, and its entry into force on January 21, 2019 with the publication of the creation decree in the Diario Oficial of Chile. In this context, the new LTER-Cape Horn network acquires great local, national and global relevance. At the local scale, it covers a representative environmental heterogeneity of the great diversity of landscapes and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems of the RBCH and the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion. At the national scale, it incorporates sub-Antarctic sites, located at the southern end of South America, to LTSER-Chile and to the Monitoring Network of the Ministry of the Environment. On a global scale, the terrestrial ecosystems of the LTER-Cape Horn network stands out for two main reasons: (1) these sub-Antarctic ecosystems lack a geographical replicate in other continents of the southern hemisphere, and (2) high latitude ecosystems are especially sensitive to global climate change. Thus, the LTER-Cape Horn network helps to overcome critical geographical gaps in the implementation of the International Network for Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER). In order to articulate these four sites and strengthen the training of technical capacities and knowledge transfer to decision makers in the area of special interest tourism and other sustainable economic activities, the LTER-Cape Horn network will be managed locally from the new Cape Horn Sub-Antarctic Center (Cape Horn Center) that will be inaugurated in Puerto Williams in 2021. The implementation of the LTER-Cape Horn network is based on a close collaboration with various public institutions: Ministry of National Assets, Ministry of the Environment, Subsecretary of Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Ministry of Economy Development and Tourism, National Forestry Service, General Water Directorate of the Ministry of Public Works, Navy of Chile, Chilean Police (Carabineros), Municipality of Cape Horn, Provincial Government of Chilean Antarctica, and the Regional Government of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica. In the following phases, the LTER-Cape Horn network and the Cape Horn Center aim to strengthen the participation of the local community, especially the Yahgan Indigenous Community of Bahía Mejillones, artisanal fisheries, tour operators, and the educational community, including private actors. Located at the “southern summit” of the Americas, Puerto Williams, capital of the Chilean Antarctic Province emerges as a global hub for transdisciplinary sub-Antarctic research, equipped with a new center and the network of long-term socio-ecological studies. Collaboration with regional, national and international actors will allow the LTER-Cape Horn network and the Cape Horn Center to: (i) provide critical data, which will open up new opportunities for monitoring climate change and its impact on biodiversity and ecosystems in sub-Antarctic latitudes; (ii) consolidate long-term monitoring, which is an essential component to effectively design mitigation and adaptation actions; (iii) strengthen a local sustainable development model that, associated with the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve, contributes from the south of the world, to a biocultural conservation model that meets the needs of socio-economic well-being and environmental sustainability at multiple regional and planetary scales.

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Résumé: Objectif: Montrerl’approche des inégalités du point de vue de la recherche en santé. Matériels et méthodes: Revue de la littératureexistante sur le sujet, ce quipermet une réflexion sur différentes formes, outils et approchespourluttercontre les inégalités. modéle Big 6 échelle a étéutiliséequi a permis une analyse des résultatsobtenus en tenantcomptegénéral et les aspectsspécifiquesontété mis en place pourl’examenbibliographique et documentaire. Les critéreséthiquespour ce typed’étudeontétérespectés. Résultats: De l’analysequantitativedans son, l’incorporation se distingue des approches raciales des différenceséducatives, les groupes socio-économiques. Un groupe de chercheurs de l’École de santé publique -currentEnsap- développer des étudesquiclasse le pays en troisconditions de vie favorables strates -, point de départmodérément favorable et défavorablepourd’autresrecherches ces derniers. L’ap prochequalitativeestliéeauxnotionsd’égalité et de justicesociale en termes de réellesopportunités. Ceci estsoutenu du point de vue social interprétatif et avec une perspectiveépistémologiquecompléte. Conclusions: L’équitéapproche la logique de la justicesociale et le droit á la santéest le point de départd’uneaction á l’approche socio- culturelleauxinégalitésinjustes et évitablesquiinfluent sur les déterminantssociaux et l’accésauxservices.

Resumo Objetivo: Mostrar a abordagem das desigualdades na perspectiva da pesquisa emsaúde. Materiaias e métodos: Revisão bibliográfica da literatura existente relacionada ao tema, que permitiu a reflexão sobre as diferentes formas, instrumentos e abordagens para abordar as desigualdades. Para a revisão bibliográfica e documental, utilizou-se o modelo Big 6. Foramestabelecidas escalas que permitiram a análise dos resultados levando emconsideração aspectos gerais e específicos. Os critérios éticos para este tipo de estudoforamrespeitados. Resultados: Do ponto de vista quantitativo, destaca-se a incorporaçãoemsuasanálises de abordagensraciais, de diferençaseducacionais, de grupos socioeconômicos. Um grupo de pesquisadores da Escola de Saúde Pública -currentEnsap- desenvolver estudos que classifica o país emtrêscondições de vida de estratos -, ponto de partida moderadamente favoráveis e desfavoráveis favorável para novas pesquisas estes. A abordagemqualitativa está ligada ásnoções de igualdade e justiça social em termos de oportunidades reais. Isto é sustentado do ponto de vista social interpretativo e comuma perspectiva epistemológica abrangente. Conclusoes: A abordagem de eqüidade da lógica da justiça social e do direito à saúde é o ponto de partida para atuarcomumaabordagem sociocultural sobre as desigualdades injustas e evitáveis que influenciam a determinação social e o acessoaosservifos.

Summary: Object: Show the approach to inequalities from the perspective of health research. Materials and methods: Bibliographic review of the existing literature related to the topic, which allowed the reflection on the different forms, instruments and approaches to address inequalities. For the bibliographic and documentary review, the Big 6 model was used. Scales were established that allowed an analysis of the results to be obtained taking into account general and specific aspects. The ethical criteria for this type of study were respected. Results: From the quantitative point of view, the incorporation in his analyzes of racial approaches, of educational differences, of socioeconomic groups is distinguished. A group of researchers from the Faculty of Public Health -current Ensap- develop studies that classify the country into three strata of living conditions - favorable, moderately favorable and unfavorable-, starting point these for other research. The qualitative approach is linked to the notions of equality and social justice in terms of real opportunities. This is sustained from the interpretative social point of view and with a comprehensive epistemological perspective. Conclusion: The equity approach of the logic of social justice and the right to health is the starting point for acting with a socio-cultural approach on inequitable and avoidable inequalities that influence social determination and access to services.

Resumen: Objetivo: Mostrar el abordaje de las desigualdades desde la perspectiva de la investigación en salud. Material y métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de la literatura existente relacionada con el tema, que permitió la reflexión sobre las diferentes formas, instrumentos y enfoques para el abordaje de las desigualdades. Para la revisión bibliográfica y documental se utilizó el modelo Big 6. Se establecieron escalas que permitieron hacer un análisis de los resultados a obtener tomando en cuenta aspectos generales y específicos. Se respetaron los criterios éticos para este tipo de estudio. Resultados: Desde lo cuantitativo, se distingue la incorporación en sus análisis de los enfoques raciales, de las diferencias educacionales, de los grupos socioeconómicos. Un grupo de investigadores de la Facultad de Salud Pública -actual Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública- desarrollan estudios que clasifica el país en tres estratos de condiciones de vida - favorables, medianamente favorables y desfavorable-, punto de partida estos para realizar otras investigaciones. El enfoque cualitativo está vinculado a las nociones de igualdad y de justicia social en cuanto a oportunidades reales. Este se sustenta desde el punto de vista social interpretativo y con perspectiva epistemológica comprensiva. Conclusiones: El enfoque de equidad de la lógica de justicia social y derecho a la salud constituye el punto de partida para actuar con un enfoque socio cultural sobre las desigualdades injusta y evitable que influyen en la determinación social y el acceso a los servicios.

Resumo: O artigo descreve e interpreta as expectativas de estudantes estagiários e o impacto e as vivências para a construção de sua identidade como professor. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 estagiários da Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, as quais foram gravadas, transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo com o auxílio do programa Nvivo9. Os dados evidenciam que os estagiários dão maior relevância às expectativas de aprendizagem, que atribuem maior importância ao orientador pelo papel que ele assume no processo de avaliação, que as experiências negativas como insegurança e angústia perante a prática docente são as mais marcantes, e que têm dificuldade para idealizar sua identidade profissional.

Abstract: This study aims to describe and interpret the preservice teachers’ expectations, as well as the impact and first contacts they went through and its influence over the development of their identity as teachers. Semi-structured interviews were taken of twelve preservice teachers of the Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, which were recorded, transcribed and underwent content analysis through the use of Nvivo 9. Data revealed that preservice teachers understand the learning expectations as more relevant; that they perceive their faculty supervisor as more important for his assessment role; that the negative experiences, such as insecurity and anguish face the demands of teaching, are the most striking; and that they have a hard time idealizing their professional identity as teachers.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Burnout é uma condição crônica de esgotamento causada por níveis altos de estresse e a anestesiologia é uma especialidade médica estressante com maior vulnerabilidade ao burnout. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar as características e o impacto do burnout em anestesiologia. Conteúdo Nesta revisão, são abordados os estressores e fatores de risco, manifestações, avaliação, complicações, manejo e prevenção do burnout, bem como as pesquisas inconsistentes encontradas no estado da arte. Conclusões Os anestesiologistas estão em um grupo de alto risco para desenvolver burnout, com diferentes manifestações e consequências, como suicídio ou erros médicos. Embora ainda não haja tratamento específico, existem muitas medidas úteis para lidar com essa condição. A prevenção é considerada um passo importante para reduzir a prevalência de burnout.

Abstract Background and objectives Burnout is a chronic condition caused by high levels of stress and anesthesiology is a stressful medical specialty with more vulnerability to burnout. The aim of this study is to review the characteristics and impact of burnout in anesthesiology. Contents In this review, the stressors and risk factors, manifestations, assessment, complications, management and prevention of burnout as well as the inconsistent research found in the state-of-art are approached. Conclusions Anesthesiologists are in a high-risk group to develop burnout, with different manifestations and consequences such as suicide or medical errors. Although there is no specific treatment yet, there are a lot of helpful measures to cope this condition. Prevention is considered an important step in order to reduce the prevalence of burnout.

ABSTRACT To report a case of tuberous breast with significant breast asymmetry, describe the technique used and evaluate the outcome of the case. Different techniques were used on each breast, although studies in literature recommend the use of similar strategy in both breasts. The patient progressed without complications and had, 6 months after the surgery, extremely satisfactory result without tuberous breast stigmas, and significant improvement of breast asymmetry. The literature establishes that not only one surgical technique is adequate to correct different types of malformations. Tuberous breast constitutes a challenge in breast plastic surgery and it becomes more complex when the asymmetry is more severe. However, surgeons who is trained in a variety of aesthetic and breast reconstructive techniques can achieve a satisfactory result.

RESUMO Descrever um caso de mama tuberosa com importante assimetria mamária, descrever a técnica e avaliar o resultado de caso. Diferentes técnicas foram usadas em cada mama, apesar de na literatura dizer que é importante empregar uma estratégia semelhante em ambas as mamas. A paciente evoluiu sem complicações e apresenta, com 6 meses de pós-operatório, resultado extremamente satisfatório, sem estigmas de mama tuberosa e com melhora importante da assimetria mamária. Na literatura é estabelecido que não há uma única técnica cirúrgica adequada para a correção dos diferentes tipos de malformações. A mama tuberosa representa um desafio nas cirurgias plásticas da mama e se tornam mais complexas quando a assimetria é mais exacerbada. Porém, o cirurgião que dominar as mais diversas técnicas mamárias estéticas e reconstrutoras poderá alcançar um resultado satisfatório.

JUSTIFICATIVA/OBJETIVOS: A anestesia ainda é uma preocupação importante para os doentes, embora as complicações anestésicas tenham diminuído significativamente. Adicionalmente, o papel atribuído ao anestesiologista permanece impreciso. Avaliar as preocupações com a anestesia e verificar o conhecimento dos doentes acerca das funções do anestesiologista foram os objetivos deste estudo. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospetivo decorrido durante 3 meses em doentes com consulta de anestesia pré-operatória num Hospital Universitário. Foi questionada informação demográfica, nível de educação e anestesia prévia. Foi avaliado o conhecimento dos doentes relativamente à educação do anestesiologista. As preocupações dos doentes, responsabilidades dos anestesiologistas e cirurgiões foram classificadas usando uma escala de 5 pontos. A análise foi realizada com SPSS 21, p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 204 doentes. 135 (66,2%) reconheceram o anestesiologista como médico especialista. Não acordar após a cirurgia e infeção pós-operatória foram as principais preocupações, comparativamente a todas as outras (p < 0,05). As mulheres manifestaram maior preocupação do que os homens com (p < 0,05): não acordar após a cirurgia, náuseas e vómitos pós-operatórios, problemas médicos e acordar durante a cirurgia. Assegurar que os doentes não acordem durante a cirurgia foi a tarefa mais reconhecida no anestesiologista, comparativamente a todas as outras (p < 0,05). O cirurgião foi mais reconhecido (p < 0,05) do que o anestesiologista na gestão da dor pós-operatória, administração de antibióticos e transfusões sanguíneas. CONCLUSÕES: Os doentes necessitam de ser informados acerca da atual segurança da anestesia e sobre as funções do anestesiologista. Envolver o doente irá desmistificar alguns receios e reassegurar a confiança no sistema de saúde.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anesthesia is still a major concern for patients, although the anesthetic complications have decreased significantly. Additionally, the role assigned to the anesthesiologist remains inaccurate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concerns with anesthesia and assess the patient's knowledge about the anesthesiologist's duties. METHODS: Prospective study conducted over three months with patients in the preoperative anesthetic visit in a university hospital. Demographic information about the level of education and prior anesthesia was obtained. The knowledge of patients regarding the anesthesiologists' education was evaluated. Patients' concerns and anesthesiologist and surgeon responsibilities were classified with a 5-point scale. The analysis was performed with SPSS 21, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: We included 204 patients, and 135 (66.2%) recognized the anesthesiologist as a specialist physician. Not waking up after surgery and postoperative infection were the main concerns compared to all others (p < 0.05). Women expressed more concern than men about not waking up after surgery, nausea and postoperative vomiting, medical problems, and waking up during surgery (p < 0.05). Ensure that patients do not wake up during surgery was the anesthesiologist task most recognized, compared to all other (p < 0.05). The surgeon was more recognized (p < 0.05) than the anesthesiologist in post-operative, antibiotics administration, and blood transfusions pain management. CONCLUSIONS: Patients need to be informed about the current safety of anesthesia and the anesthesiologist's functions. The patient involvement will demystify some fears and reassure the confidence in the health system.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A lesão dentária é a complicação mais comum da anestesia geral e apresenta importantes consequências físicas, econômicas e médico-legais. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma revisão sobre as características da lesão dentária associada a anestesiologia e os métodos de prevenção existentes. CONTEÚDO: Nesta revisão são abordados o momento da anestesia em que a lesão dentária ocorre, os dentes acometidos, o tipo de lesão mais frequente, os fatores de risco estabelecidos, as estratégias de prevenção, os dispositivos de proteção e as implicações médico-legais inerentes à sua ocorrência. CONCLUSÕES: Antes de iniciar qualquer procedimento médico que exija o recurso à laringoscopia clássica é imperativa uma avaliação pré-anestésica minuciosa e detalhada do estado dentário do doente, de forma a identificar os dentes em risco, analisar a presença de fatores associados a dificuldades de intubação e delinear uma estratégia de prevenção que seja adaptada ao risco de lesão dentária de cada doente.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dental injury is the most common complication of general anaesthesia and has significant physical, economic and forensic consequences. The aim of this study is to review on the characteristics of dental injury associated with anaesthesiology and existing methods of prevention. CONTENTS: In this review, the time of anaesthesia in which the dental injury occurs, the affected teeth, the most frequent type of injury, established risk factors, prevention strategies, protection devices and medico-legal implications inherent to its occurrence are approached. CONCLUSIONS: Before initiating any medical procedure that requires the use of classic laryngoscopy, a thorough and detailed pre-aesthetic evaluation of the dental status of the patient is imperative, in order to identify teeth at risk, analyze the presence of factors associated with difficult intubation and outline a prevention strategy that is tailored to the risk of dental injury of each patient.

Introduction: the strategy aimed at eradicating tuberculosis as a health problem requires new approaches combining methodologies and methodicalness that allow delving into the objective realities of the social processes. Objective:to reflect on tuberculosis as a tracing disease of the economic and social situation and the theoretical fundamentals of the social inequalities. Methods: literature and documentary review of digital data sources -Scielo, EBSCO-. The subject headings were social inequalities in health and tuberculosis. The articles were selected and broken down by themes in order to analyze the contents. Results: the situation of tuberculosis in the various regions of the world and inside the countries reflects the economic and social situation and the persistence or rise of the differential gradient in health, which is unjust and avoidable. Diversity and complexity of these aspects demand transdisciplinary approach to get the researcher closer to the objective realities of tuberculosis. Conclusions: the traditional health and disease concepts pave the way to confront with more comprehensive conceptual and methodological developments, with greater capacity of apprenhending the real complexity of determining processes, of overcoming simple unilateral vision, of describing and explaining the relationship between the most general processes of the society and tuberculosis. The challenge is to prove that these newly developed concepts and methodologies have greater potentialities to mobilize power resources in order to minimize the social inequalities and inequities, and to eradicate tuberculosis as a health problem.

Introducción: la estrategia para eliminar la tuberculosis como problema de salud, obliga a utilizar nuevos enfoques donde se combinen metodologías -explicaciones- y metódicas -interpretaciones- que permitan profundizar en la realidad objetiva de los procesos sociales. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la tuberculosis como enfermedad trazadora de la situación económicosocial y los sustentos teóricos de las desigualdades sociales. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica y documental en fuentes de datos digitales -Scielo, EBSCO-. Se usaron los descriptores: desigualdades sociales de la salud, tuberculosis. Se seleccionaron y ordenaron los artículos por temáticas para realizar el análisis de contenidos. Resultados: el comportamiento de la tuberculosis en las diferentes regiones del mundo y hacia dentro de los países es un reflejo de la situación economicosocial, así como de la persistencia o aumento del gradiente diferencial de salud injusto y evitable. La diversidad y complejidad de estos aspectos, demanda un enfoque transdiciplinar para acercar al investigador a la realidad objetiva de la tuberculosis. Conclusiones: las concepciones tradicionales de salud y enfermedad abren espacio para la confrontación con desarrollos conceptuales y metodológicos más integrales, con mayor capacidad de aprehender la complejidad real de los procesos determinantes, de superar la visión simple y unilateral de describir y explicar las relaciones entre los procesos más generales de la sociedad y la tuberculosis. El reto es demostrar que estos conceptos y metodologías nuevas desarrolladas, tienen mayor potencialidad para movilizar recursos de poder en función de minimizar las desigualdades sociales e iniquidades y eliminar la tuberculosis como problema de salud.

Endophytic bacteria associated with the fern Dicksonia sellowiana were investigated. The bacterial communities from the surface-sterilized pinnae and rachis segments of the plants from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest that grew in native field conditions were compared with the bacterial communities from plants grown in greenhouses and plants that were initially grown in greenhouses and then transferred to the forest. From 540 pinnae and 540 rachis segments, 163 (30.2%) and 346 (64.2%) were colonized by bacteria, respectively. The main bacterial genera and species that were isolated included Bacillus spp. (B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. pumilus and B. subtilis), Paenibacillus sp., Amphibacillus sp., Gracilibacillus sp., Micrococcus sp. and Stenotrophomonas spp. (S. maltophilia and S. nitroreducens). B. pumilus was the most frequently isolated bacterial species. Amphibacillus and Gracilibacillus were reported as endophytes for the first time. Other commonly found bacterial genera were not observed in D. sellowiana, which may reflect preferences of specific bacterial communities inside this fern or detection limitations due to the isolation procedures. Plants that were grown in greenhouses and plants that were reintroduced into the forest displayed more bacterial genera and species diversity than native field plants, suggesting that reintroduction shifts the bacterial diversity. Endophytic bacteria that displayed antagonistic properties against different microorganisms were detected, but no obvious correlation was found between their frequencies with plant tissues or with plants from different growth regimes. This paper reports the first isolation of endophytic bacteria from a fern.

Avaliou-se a contaminação de praças públicas da área urbana do município de Itabuna, BA, Brasil, por parasitos zoonóticos presentes em fezes de cães. Foram coletadas 119 amostras fecais de cães em 10 praças. Logo após, estas fezes foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Parasitologia da UESC e analisadas pelo método de Mariano e Carvalho. Do total das amostras analisadas, 56,3% continham alguma forma evolutiva parasitária, sendo o parasita mais freqüente Ancylostoma sp. com 47,9%, seguido por 6,7% de Strongyloides stercortalis, 4,2% tanto para ovos de Toxocara canis quanto de Trichuris vulpis, 2,5% para cistos de Endolimax nana, e 0,8% tanto para cistos de Giardia intestinalis quanto para os de Entamoeba coli.

The contamination of public squares by zoonotic potential parasites was evaluated at the urban areas in the municipality of Itabuna Brasil. For such, 119 fecal samples of dogs were collected at 10 public squares. After that, these feces samples were transported to the Parasitology Laboratory in the UESC and they were analyzed by Mariano and Carvalho's method. Of the total analized samples, 56.3% show some parasitic evolutive form. Ancylostoma sp. was the most frequently (47.9%), followed by Strongyloides stercortalis (6.7%), Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis eggs (4.2%) each, Endolimax nana cysts (2.5%), and Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba coli cysts (0.8%) each.

Descrevem-se três casos de cirrose biliar em felinos. O quadro clínico manifestado pelos animais afetados consistia em icterícia, vômitos, emagrecimento progressivo, prostração, anorexia e aumento de volume do abdome acompanhado de dor abdominal. Os principais achados macroscópicos incluíam fígado firme e com a superfície natural e de corte irregulares e de aspecto reticulado, ducto cístico acentuadamente distendido (ectasia), desvios portossistêmicos venosos extra-hepáticos ("shunts"), efusões cavitárias e carcaças em mau estado corporal. Histologicamente, havia fibrose periportal acentuada, dissecante, associada a infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear, proliferação ductal e retenção biliar. Em um dos casos, a coloração de Brown-Hopps revelou a presença de cocos gram-positivos associada à inflamação no lúmen ductal. A presença de bactérias intralesionais é um achado histológico raramente descrita no complexo colangite/colangio-hepatite felina e não tem sido descrita na cirrose biliar. Ectasia do ducto cístico e formação de desvios portossistêmicos extra-hepáticos são complicações incomuns do estágio terminal dessa síndrome. Cirrose biliar é a forma de apresentação menos comum do complexo colangite/colangio-hepatite felina. O número reduzido de casos dessa condição se deve ao fato de que a maior parte dos animais afetados por esse complexo morrem espontaneamente ou são submetidos à eutanásia antes de a doença progredir para a sua fase terminal. Desconhece-se a prevalência dessa enfermidade nas populações felinas locais das diversas regiões do Brasil.

Three cases of biliary cirrhosis in cats are described. Clinical signs included icterus, vomiting, weight loss, depression, anorexia and distension of the abdomen accompanied by abdominal pain. Main gross findings included firm liver with irregular capsular and cut surfaces and enhanced reticular pattern, marked distension of the cystic duct (ectasia), extrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts, cavitary effusions and thin carcasses. Microscopic lesions included severe periportal, dissecting fibrosis with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, biliary proliferation and cholestasis. In one case, Brown-Hopps’ stained slides revealed gram-positive cocci with associated inflammation inside the ductal lumen. The histological finding of intralesional bacteria in cases of feline cholangitis/cholangiohepatis complex is reported only on rare occasions and has not been described for biliary cirrhosis. Dilation of the cystic duct and formation of portosystemic shunts are also unusual complications of this syndrome. Biliary cirrhosis is an uncommon condition since most cats die or are euthanatized before reaching the final stage of this progressive inflammatory hepatic disease. The prevalence of this entity in local feline populations remains to be determined in Brazil.

Uma elevada prevalência de infecção pelo citomegalovírus (CMV) está documentada no Brasil. Em adultos imunocompetentes a infecção pelo CMV é, em geral, assintomática e, portanto, as alterações morfológicas e imunohistoquímicas na medula óssea têm sido raramente descritas. Relatamos o caso de um paciente previamente assintomático que desenvolveu febre de origem obscura. O diagnóstico de infecção aguda pelo CMV foi baseado em estudo sorológico. A tomografia computadorizada do tórax mostrou linfadenopatia mediastinal. A biópsia óssea revelou medula hipercelular com eosinofilia e grandes agregados linfóides mistos de células B e T. Apesar da positividade para bcl-2, a sua natureza reacional foi demostrada. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e a imunohistoquímica não detectaram DNA viral nos cortes de medula óssea em parafina. Assim como em outros distúrbios sistêmicos, os nódulos linfóides no nosso caso parecem ser causados por mecanismos imunológicos, possivelmente relacionados a citoquinas liberadas em resposta ao processo infeccioso sistêmico.

In Brazil, a high prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been documented. In immunocompetent adults CMV infection is usually asymptomatic and therefore morphologic and immunophenotypic bone marrow changes have rarely been described. The authors report the case of a previously healthy patient who developed fever of undetermined origin. The diagnosis of acute CMV infection was based on serological testing. A computed tomographic scan showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. A bone marrow biopsy revealed a hypercellular haematopoiesis with eosinophilia and large mixed T- and B-cell lymphoid aggregates. In spite of bcl-2 positivity, their reactive nature was demonstrated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were unable to detect CMV-DNA in paraffin-embedded bone marrow sections. Much like in other systemic disorders, the lymphoid nodules in this case seemed to be caused by immunological mechanisms, possibly due to cytokines released in response to the systemic infectious process.