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Abstract The thermal dynamics of the upper atmosphere, especially in the mesosphere, have been improving our understanding about the effects of climate change, as well as how the dynamics and general circulation in the upper atmosphere are driven by different types of waves, such as the atmospheric gravity waves, planetary waves and atmospheric tides. In order to study the upper atmospheric temperature variability and gravity waves, several research groups have been employing the remote technique of observing the airglow emissions originated in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, besides emissions from the ionosphere. INPE’s airglow group started the studies on emissions from the upper atmosphere to investigate temperature and dynamics in the mesosphere, thermosphere/ionosphere at the end of 70’s. However, only in 2001 this group sent the first airglow experiment to the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz (EACF) to measure the OH (8-3) emission and temperature. From that year to 2014, several other experiments were carried out at EACF, not only to measure the temperature and airglow intensities, but also to observe gravity waves, winds and other related phenomena. This paper presents airglow experiments at EACF from 2001 to the present, including illustrations, examples of already published results, and unpublished data.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320210836

Malaria at international borders: challenges for elimination on the remote Brazil-Peru border
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Palma-Cuero, Monica

; Machado, Myrna Barata

; Graça, Jucelia Taiz Bruno

; Anjos, Ney Batista dos

; Pereira, Rafael Santos

; Suárez-Mutis, Martha Cecilia

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2022, Volume 64 elocation e29

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Understanding local epidemiology is essential to reduce the burden of malaria in complex contexts, such as Brazilian municipalities that share borders with endemic countries. A descriptive study of malaria in the period 2003 to 2020 was conducted using data from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information System related to a remote municipality with an extensive border with Peru to understand the disease transmission, focusing on the obstacles to its elimination. The transmission increases at the end of the rainy season. During the period of 18 years, 53,575 malaria cases were reported (Mean of API 224.7 cases/1,000), of which 11% were imported from Peru. Thirteen outbreaks of malaria were observed during the studied period, the last one in 2018. The highest burden of cases was caused by P. vivax (73.2%), but P. falciparum was also prevalent at the beginning of the study period (50% in 2006). Several changes in the epidemiological risk were observed: (1) the proportion of international imported cases of malaria changed from 30.7% in 2003 to 3.5% in 2020 (p<0.05); (2) indigenous people affected increased from 24.3% in 2003 to 89.5% in 2020 (p<0.0001); (3) infected children and adolescents < 15 years old increased from 50.2% in 2003 to 67.4% in 2020 (p<0.01); (4) the proportion of men decreased from 56.7% in 2003 to 50.4% in 2020 (p<0.01); (5) the likelihood of P. falciparum malaria has significantly declined (p<0.01). The number of cases and the incidence of malaria in 2019 and 2020 were the lowest in the period of 18 years. The burden of malaria in indigenous areas and its determinants, seasonality, geographical access and the long international border are obstacles for the elimination of malaria that must be overcome.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202264029

Cover crop increases soybean yield cropped after degraded pasture in sandy soil
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Cordeiro, Carlos F. dos S.

; Batista, Guilherme D.

; Lopes, Bruno P.

; Echer, Fábio R.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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aug 2021, Volume 25 N. 8 Pages 514 - 521

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O cultivo de soja vem crescendo nos últimos anos em ambientes de solos arenosos e com risco climático, mas a produtividade é baixa, principalmente nos primeiros anos. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o efeito do manejo de culturas de cobertura e nitrogênio em solo arenoso previamente ocupado por pastagem degradada na produtividade da soja. O estudo foi conduzido no Oeste de São Paulo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e os tratamentos foram: aveia preta; aveia preta + 50 kg ha-1 de N na aveia preta; aveia preta + 50 kg ha-1 de N na soja; aveia preta + tremoço; aveia preta + tremoço + 50 kg ha-1 de N na soja; tremoço; pousio; pousio + 50 kg ha-1 de N na soja. O teor de nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana foi maior com aveia preta + N na soja aplicado no início do florescimento (R1). O número de nódulos nas raízes da soja aumentou 2,3 vezes com aveia e aveia + N na soja em relação ao pousio. A produtividade da soja foi maior nos tratamentos com aveia + N na aveia (2.130 kg ha-1), aveia (2.038 kg ha-1) e aveia + N na soja (1.872 kg ha-1). Na ausência de culturas de cobertura, a adubação nitrogenada na soja aumentou a produtividade em 19% (262 kg ha-1) comparado ao pousio. A aveia preta é a melhor opção para aumentar a produtividade da soja. Porém na ausência de planta de cobertura é necessária a adubação nitrogenada na soja.

ABSTRACT Soybean cropping has been growing in recent years in environments with sandy soils and with climatic risk, but yield is low, especially in the early years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crops and nitrogen management in a sandy soil previously under degraded pastures on soybean yield. The study was conducted in Western São Paulo state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates, and the treatments were: black oats; black oats + 50 kg ha-1 of N in black oats; black oats + 50 kg ha-1 of N in soybean; black oats + lupine; black oats + lupine + 50 kg ha-1 of N in soybean; lupine; fallow; fallow + 50 kg ha-1 of N in soybean. Nitrogen concentration of the microbial biomass was higher with oats + N in soybean applied at the beginning of flowering (R1). The number of nodules in soybean roots increased by 2.3 times with oats and oats + N in soybean as compared to fallow. Soybean yield was higher in treatments with oats + N in oats (2,130 kg ha-1), oats (2,038 kg ha-1) and oats + N in soybean (1,872 kg ha-1). In the absence of cover crops, N fertilization in soybean increased yield by 19% (262 kg ha-1) compared to fallow. Black oats are the best option to increase soybean yield. However, in the absence of cover crops, nitrogen fertilization in soybean is necessary.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n8p514-521 498 downloads

Mortality in patients with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a meta-analysis
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Matos, Eliseth Costa Oliveira de

; Andriolo, Regis Bruni

; Rodrigues, Yan Corrêa

; Lima, Patrícia Danielle Lima de

; Carneiro, Irna Carla do Rosário Souza

; Lima, Karla Valéria Batista

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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aug 2018, Volume 51 N. 4 Pages 415 - 420

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause of nosocomial infections with high mortality rates owing to the limited therapeutic options for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing strains. Herein, we present a meta-analysis exploring the association between MDRPA and São Paulo MBL-1 (SPM-1)-producing strains vs. mortality. Online databases were screened to identify studies published between 2006 and 2016. A total of 15 studies, comprising 3,201 cases of P. aeruginosa infection, were included. Our results demonstrated a higher mortality rate among patients infected with MDRPA (44.6%, 363/813) than those with non-MDRPA infection (24.8%, 593/2,388) [odds ratio (OR) 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70-3.36, p <0.00001]. The risk of mortality in patients with non-SPM-1 strains was four times higher than that observed in the patients of the SPM-1 group; however, no statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.43). In conclusion, the results of our study demonstrated that patients infected with MDRPA had a significantly higher mortality rate than that of patients infected with non-MDRPA strains, especially patients with bloodstream infection (BSI), immunosuppression, and inadequate antimicrobial therapy. The absence of studies on the molecular aspects of blaSPM-1 and its association with mortality limited the analysis; therefore, our results should be interpreted with caution. Our findings also highlight the need for more studies on the molecular aspects of resistance and the peculiarities of different nosocomial settings.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0506-2017 2287 downloads

Molecular detection of Trypanosoma evansi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in procyonids (Carnivora: Procyonidae) in Eastern Amazon, Brazil
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Magalhães-Matos, Paulo Cesar

; Cunha-Santos, Rafaelle

; Sousa, Paulo Geovani Silva

; Sampaio-Júnior, Francisco Dantas

; Barros, Flávia de Nazaré Leite

; Mourão, Fábio Rodrigo Paixão

; Oliveira, Wanessa Batista Lima

; Gabriel, Áurea Martins

; Monteiro, Silvia Gonzalez

; Góes-Cavalcante, Gustavo

; Scofield, Alessandra

Ciência Rural

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apr 2016, Volume 46 N. 4 Pages 663 - 668

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar o diagnóstico da infecção natural por Trypanosoma evansi em procionídeos de vida livre e de cativeiro dos estados do Amapá e Pará, Brasil. Durante o período de fevereiro de 2012 a agosto de 2013, amostras de sangue total e esfregaços sanguíneos foram obtidos de 45 procionídeos de vida livre e de nove mantidos em cativeiro em mantenedores e Parques Zoobotânicos dos estados do Amapá e Pará. As amostras de sangue total foram coletadas e mantidas a -20ºC para pesquisa de DNA de T. evansi pela PCR utilizando-se os iniciadores RoTat 1.2 forward e RoTat 1.2 reverse. Os esfregaços sanguíneos também foram processados e examinados para a pesquisa de formas tripomastigotas do agente. DNA de T. evansi foi detectado em 18,52% (10/54) dos procionídeos, ocorrendo em mãos-peladas de cativeiro e quatis de vida livre e de cativeiro no estado do Pará. Não foram observadas formas tripomastigotas nos esfregaços sanguíneos. DNA de T. evansi foi detectado em P. cancrivorus e N. nasua no estado do Pará, sendo este o primeiro relato em P. cancrivorus.

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to diagnose the natural infection of captive and free-living procyonids with Trypanosoma evansi in the states of Amapá and Pará, Brazil. From February 2012 to August 2013, whole blood samples and blood smears were obtained from 45 free-living procyonids and from nine procyonids kept in captivity in wild life refuges and zoobotanical parks in the states of Amapá and Pará. Whole blood samples were collected and kept at -20ºC for the detection of T. evansi DNA by PCR using the RoTat 1.2 forward and RoTat 1.2 reverse primers. In addition, the blood smears were processed and examined for the presence of trypomastigote forms of T. evansi. T. evansi DNA was detected in 18.52% (10/54) of the procyonids, namely, in captive crab-eating raccoons and captive and free-living coatis in Pará State. No trypomastigote forms were observed in the blood smears. DNA from T. evansi was detected in P. cancrivorus and N. nasua in Pará State, being this the first such report in P. cancrivorus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150679 3488 downloads

Antimicrobial activity of the myrsinoic acid A from Myrsine coriacea and the semi-synthetic derivatives
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Burger, Marcela Carmen de Melo

; Terezan, Ana Paula

; Cunha, Gracielle Silva de Oliveira

; Fernandes, Joao Batista

; Silva, Maria Fatima das Graças Fernandes da

; Vieira, Paulo Cezar

; Menezes, Antonio Carlos Severo

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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oct 2015, Volume 25 N. 5 Pages 451 - 454

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACTThe antimicrobial activity of the myrsinoic acid A isolated from Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Primulaceae, and a two semi-synthetics derivatives was tested against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. The microdilution method was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration during evaluation of the antimicrobial activity. The myrsinoic acid A showed no activity against the selected microorganisms but the hydrogenated and acetylated derivatives were active against B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.023 1274 downloads

Dye Degradation Enhanced by Coupling Electrochemical Process and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
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Santos, Lidiaine M.

; Amorim, Kamila P. de

; Andrade, Leonardo S.

; Batista, Paulo S.

; Trovó, Alam G.

; Machado, Antonio E. H.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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sep 2015, Volume 26 N. 9 Pages 1817 - 1823

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this study, we evaluated the combination between an electrochemical process, occurring in the dark, and a heterogeneous photocatalytic process for dye degradation, using the azo dye tartrazine as model of oxidizable substrate. TiO2 P25 and an Ag-doped TiO2 were used as photocatalysts in suspensions containing 50 mg L–1 of tartrazine. The best result, 74% of dye mineralization in 120 min of reaction, was obtained using TiO2 P25 as photocatalyst and a current density of 10 mA cm–2 in the electrochemical cell, a value 30% higher than the sum of the results obtained by heterogeneous photocatalysis (44%) and electrochemical oxidation (13%). The use of Ag-doped TiO2 did not result in significant improvement on tartrazine mineralization, due to the aggregation of these nanoparticles. Our results suggest that this process can be an alternative for a complete treatment (discoloration and mineralization) of tartrazine and most likely other azo dyes.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150158 2244 downloads

Partial characterization of Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite proteome under treatment with quinine, mefloquine and the natural antiplasmodial diosgenone
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Segura, César

; Cuesta-Astroz, Yesid

; Nunes-Batista, Camila

; Zalis, Mariano

; von Krüger, Wanda Maria de Almeida

; Mascarello Bisch, Paulo

Biomédica

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jun 2014, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 237 - 249

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Introducción. A pesar de los esfuerzos para controlar la malaria, esta sigue siendo un problema de salud pública. Plasmodium falciparum es responsable de la mayoría de los casos graves y de las muertes. Los programas de control de la malaria han sido cuestionados debido al fracaso del tratamiento y a la resistencia del parásito a los antipalúdicos de primera línea, por lo que se requieren nuevas y mejores alternativas. El análisis proteómico permite identificar y determinar los niveles de expresión de las proteínas bajo la presión de los medicamentos, lo que posibilita la identificación de nuevos blancos terapéuticos y mecanismos de acción. Objetivo. Analizar cualitativamente la expresión diferencial de proteínas del citosol del trofozoíto de P. falciparum bajo tratamiento con quinina, mefloquina y el compuesto natural diosgenona mediante una aproximación proteómica. Materiales y métodos. Se trataron trofozoítos sincronizados y cultivados in vitro de P. falciparum (cepa ITG2) con quinina, mefloquina y el compuesto natural diosgenona. Los extractos proteicos se prepararon y analizaron por electroforesis bidimensional. Las proteínas con aparente expresión diferencial se seleccionaron e identificaron mediante espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF. Resultados. Se encontraron las siguientes proteínas diferencialmente expresadas en el trofozoíto: la enolasa (PF10_0155), la proteína de unión a calcio (PF11_0098), la chaperonina (PFL0740c), la proteína de invasión a la célula del huésped (PF10_0268) y la proteína relacionada con procesos de reducción y oxidación (redox) (MAL8P1.17). Estos hallazgos son congruentes con resultados previos de estudios en los que el parásito fue presionado con otros medicamentos antipalúdicos. Conclusión. Los cambios observados en el perfil de proteínas del trofozoíto de P. falciparum tratado con antipalúdicos involucraron preferencialmente proteínas relacionadas con la respuesta al estrés general.

Introduction: Despite efforts to control malaria, around 10% of the world population is at risk of acquiring this disease. Plasmodium falciparum accounts for the majority of severe cases and deaths. Malaria control programs have failed due to the therapeutic failure of first-line antimalarials and to parasite resistance. Thus, new and better therapeutic alternatives are required. Proteomic analysis allows determination of protein expression levels under drug pressure, leading to the identification of new therapeutic drug targets and their mechanisms of action. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze qualitatively the expression of P.falciparum trophozoite proteins (strain ITG2), after exposure to antimalarial drugs, through a proteomic approach. Materials and methods: In vitro cultured synchronized parasites were treated with quinine, mefloquine and the natural antiplasmodial diosgenone. Protein extracts were prepared and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The differentially expressed proteins were selected and identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Results: The following proteins were identified among those differentially expressed in the parasite in the presence of the drugs tested: enolase (PF10_0155), calcium-binding protein (PF11_0098), chaperonin (PFL0740c), the host cell invasion protein (PF10_0268) and proteins related to redox processes (MAL8P1.17). These findings are consistent with results of previous studies where the parasite was submitted to pressure with other antimalarial drugs. Conclusion: The observed changes in the P. falciparum trophozoite protein profile induced by antimalarial drugs involved proteins mainly related to the general stress response.

https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v34i2.1700 1702 downloads

Breeding of Biomphalaria tenagophila in mass scale
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Rosa, Florence Mara

; Marques, Daisymara P. Almeida

; Maciel, Engels

; Couto, Josiane Maria

; Negrão-Corrêa, Deborah A.

; Teles, Horácio M. Santana

; Santos, João Batista dos

; Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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feb 2013, Volume 55 N. 1 Pages 39 - 44

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Foi desenvolvido um método eficiente de criação em larga escala de Biomphalaria tenagophila (linhagem Taim/RS) durante o período de 2005-2010. Foi concebida uma instalação que consiste de quatro tanques de alvenaria (9,4 x 0,6 x 0,22) com fundos recobertos por uma mistura constituída de terra vermelha esterilizada e carbonato de cálcio. Foi padronizado que cada tanque de criação conteria em média 3.000 exemplares e receberia diariamente 35.000 mg de ração e alface como complemento. O desenvolvimento de um sistema de aquecimento por efeito estufa constituído de lonas escuras móveis permitiu controlar a temperatura entre 20 a 24 ºC, sistema essencial principalmente nos meses mais frios. Durante o período de 14 meses foram produzidos aproximadamente 27.000 exemplares com diâmetros superiores a 12 mm. As taxas de mortalidade dos caramujos recém-eclodidos e adultos foram de 77% e 37%, respectivamente. O acompanhamento do ritmo de crescimento de 310 B. tenagophila demonstrou que caramujos com 70 dias de idade alcançaram em média 17,0 ± 0,9 mm de diâmetro. As taxas de mortalidade e o desempenho de crescimento de caramujos do gênero B. tenagophila podem ser considerados altamente satisfatórios, comparando-se com os resultados da literatura realizados com espécies do gênero Biomphalaria em condições controladas de laboratório.

An efficient method for breeding Biomphalaria tenagophila (Taim lineage/RS) was developed over a 5-year-period (2005-2010). Special facilities were provided which consisted of four cement tanks (9.4 x 0.6 x 0.22 m), with their bottom covered with a layer of sterilized red earth and calcium carbonate. Standard measures were adopted, as follows: each tank should contain an average of 3000 specimens, and would be provided with a daily ration of 35,000 mg complemented with lettuce. A green-house effect heating system was developed which constituted of movable dark canvas covers, which allowed the temperature to be controlled between 20 - 24 ºC. This system was essential, especially during the coldest months of the year. Approximately 27,000 specimens with a diameter of 12 mm or more were produced during a 14-month-period. The mortality rates of the newly-hatched and adult snails were 77% and 37%, respectively. The follow-up of the development system related to 310 specimens of B. tenagophila demonstrated that 70-day-old snails reached an average of 17.0 ± 0.9 mm diameter. The mortality rates and the development performance of B. tenagophila snails can be considered as highly satisfactory, when compared with other results in literature related to works carried out with different species of the genus Biomphalaria, under controlled laboratory conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652013000100007 8776 downloads

10.

Evaluation of impacts of climate change and local stressors on the biotechnological potential of marine macroalgae: a brief theoretical discussion of likely scenarios
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Horta, Paulo A.

; Vieira-Pinto, Talita

; Martins, Cintia D. L.

; Sissini, Marina N.

; Ramlov, Fernanda

; Lhullier, Cintia

; Scherner, Fernando

; Sanches, Paola F.

; Farias, Julyana N.

; Bastos, Eduardo

; Bouzon, Janayna L.

; Munoz, Pamela

; Valduga, Eduardo

; Arantes, Noele P.

; Batista, Manuela B.

; Riul, Pablo

; Almeida, Rafael S.

; Paes, Eduardo

; Fonseca, Alessandra

; Schenkel, Eloir P.

; Rorig, Leonardo

; Bouzon, Zenilda

; Barufi, José Bonomi

; Colepicolo, Pio

; Yokoya, Nair

; Copertino, Margareth S.

; Oliveira, Eurico C. de

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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aug 2012, Volume 22 N. 4 Pages 768 - 774

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Climate change can be associated with variations in the frequency and intensity of extreme temperatures and precipitation events on the local and regional scales. Along coastal areas, flooding associated with increased occupation has seriously impacted products and services generated by marine life, in particular the biotechnological potential that macroalgae hold. Therefore, this paper analyzes the available information on the taxonomy, ecology and physiology of macroalgae and discusses the impacts of climate change and local stress on the biotechnological potential of Brazilian macroalgae. Based on data compiled from a series of floristic and ecological works, we note the disappearance in some Brazilian regions of major groups of biotechnological interest. In some cases, the introduction of exotic species has been documented, as well as expansion of the distribution range of economically important species. We also verify an increase in the similarities between the Brazilian phycogeographic provinces, although they still remain different. It is possible that these changes have resulted from the warming of South Atlantic water, as observed for its surface in southeastern Brazilian, mainly during the winter. However, unplanned urbanization of coastal areas can also produce similar biodiversity losses, which requires efforts to generate long-term temporal data on the composition, community structure and physiology of macroalgae.

3337 downloads

11.

Novas N-benzoiltiraminas de Swinglea glutinosa (Rutaceae)
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Cerqueira, Cristovam do Nascimento

; Santos, Djalma A. P. dos

; Malaquias, Karla da Silva

; Lima, Murilo Marinho de Castro

; Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da

; Fernandes, João Batista

; Vieira, Paulo Cezar

Química Nova

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2012, Volume 35 N. 11 Pages 2181 - 2185

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Phytochemical studies of the leaves and fruits have led to the identification of the known amides (E)-N-methyl-cinnamamide, N-benzoyltyramine, N-benzoyl-O-geranyltyramine, N-benzoyl-O-(4-acetoxyl)-geranyltyramine, in addition to the new N-{2-[4-(butoxyl-3-one)phenyl]ethyl}benzamide, N-{2-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butoxylanal)phenyl]ethyl}benzamide, N-{2-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butoxyloic)phenyl]ethyl}benzamide, N-benzoyl-O-(4-acetoxyl-6,7-epoxy)-geranyltyramine, N-benzoyl-O-(4-acetoxyl-6,7-dihydroxy)-geranyltyramine and N-benzoyl-O-(6-acetoxyl-4,7-dihydroxy)-geranyltyramine. The isolated compounds clearly point to Swinglea phytochemical affinities with other Aurantioideae species.

2947 downloads

12.

Ecological distribution of the shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) and Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Penaeoidea) in the southeastern Brazilian littoral
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Batista, Abner Carvalho

; Simões, Sabrina Morilhas

; Lopes, Mateus

; Costa, Rogerio Caetano da

Nauplius

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dec 2011, Volume 19 N. 2 Pages 135 - 143

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The relationship between species abundance and environmental factors such as the bottom water temperature and salinity, the texture and organic matter content of the sediment and the distribution of Pleoticus muelleri and Artemesia longinaris were investigated. Specimens and samples of abiotic factors were collected monthly from May 2008 to April 2010 at 4 locations in Santos Bay on the southern coast of the State of São Paulo. A shrimp boat equipped with an otter-trawl net with an 8 m mouth aperture and a mesh size of 20 mm tapering to 18 mm at the cod end was used for sampling. Shrimp abundances were compared with an analysis of variance (ANOVA). However, when the data did not follow a normal distribution, we used the Kruskal-Wallis test. The relationship between environmental factors and the abundance of individuals was assessed with a Pearson's correlation. The largest catches of individuals of both species occurred in the late spring of 2008. The greatest abundance occurred at the outer part of the bay (collection point 4). The greatest abundance of P. muelleri was associated with lower temperatures and sediments with higher clay and organic matter content, whereas for A. longinaris, there was no significant correlation with any of the abiotic factors recorded. However, the occurrence of both species was related to lower bottom temperatures associated with the intrusion of the South Atlantic Central Water in the region.

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13.

Herpetofauna da área do Igarapé Esperança na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre - Brasil
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Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio

; Machado, Reginaldo Assêncio

; Turci, Luiz Carlos Batista

Biota Neotropica

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sep 2011, Volume 11 N. 3 Pages 117 - 144

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A região do Alto Juruá localiza-se no estado do Acre (oeste da Amazônia brasileira) e é uma região conhecida por apresentar uma alta diversidade e também considerada prioritária para inventariamento e conservação da herpetofauna. Este trabalho foi realizado entre agosto de 2006 a junho de 2008 e apresenta a lista de espécies de anfíbios e répteis da área do Igarapé Esperança na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre. Quatro métodos amostrais foram empregados para inventariar a herpetofauna: procura limitada por tempo, armadilhas de interceptação e queda, registros auditivos e encontros ocasionais. Foram registradas 162 espécies, sendo 83 de anfíbios (80 anuros, dois gimnofionos e uma salamandra) e 79 de répteis (29 lagartos, 42 serpentes, um anfisbênio, quatro quelônios e três jacarés). Dessas espécies, onze (Adelphobates quinquevittatus, Hyalinobatrachium munozorum, Pristimantis academicus, P. aureolineatus, Syncope antenori, Alopoglossus buckleyi, Drymobius rhombifer, Liophis dorsocorallinus, L. taeniogaster, Umbrivaga pygmaea e Micrurus remotus) foram registradas pela primeira vez para o Acre, sendo que seis delas (H. munozorum, P. academicus, P. aureolineatus, S. antenori, A. buckleyi e L. dorsocorallinus) consistem também os primeiros registros para o Brasil. Salienta-se aqui a importância da forma do uso das florestas pelas populações tradicionais (indígenas, extrativistas e ribeirinhos) e das áreas protegidas na conservação da alta biodiversidade encontrada no Alto Juruá e também a necessidade de estudos sobre o uso de algumas espécies (especialmente de quelônios e crocodilianos) para analisar possíveis impactos sobre as populações desses animais.

The upper Juruá region is located in Acre state (western Brazilian Amazonia) and it is known for having a high diversity and moreover is considered a priority area for survey and conservation of herpetofauna. This study was carried out from August 2006 to June 2008 and presents a list of amphibians and reptiles from Igarapé Esperança area in the Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre. Four sampling methods were used to survey herpetofauna: time constrained visual search, pitfall traps with drift fences, call records and accidental sightings. One hundred and sixty-two species were recorded, including 83 amphibians (80 frogs, two caecilians and one salamander) and 79 reptiles (29 lizards, 42 snakes, one anfisbaenian, four chelonians and three caimans). Of these species, eleven (Adelphobates quinquevittatus, Hyalinobatrachium munozorum, Pristimantis academicus, P. aureolineatus, Syncope antenori, Alopoglossus buckleyi, Drymobius rhombifer, Liophis dorsocorallinus, L. taeniogaster, Umbrivaga pygmaea, e Micrurus remotus) were registered for the first time to Acre, six (H. munozorum, P. academicus, P. aureolineatus, S. antenori, A. buckleyi e L. dorsocorallinus) of which also are the first records for Brazil. The importance of the form of forest use by traditional peoples (indigenous, extractive and riverine people) was pointed out, as well that of areas for conservation of the high biodiversity found in the Upper Juruá. Also the need for studies on the use of some species (especially chelonians and crocodilians) to evaluate possible impacts on the populations of these animals is stressed.

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14.

Níveis críticos de fósforo, para eucalipto, em casa de vegetação, em função da sua localização no solo
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Leite, Paulo Batista

; Alvarez V., Víctor Hugo

; Barros, Nairam Félix de

; Neves, Júlio César Lima

; Guarçoni M., André

; Zanão Júnior, Antônio

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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oct 2009, Volume 33 N. 5 Pages 1311 - 1322

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A disponibilidade do P é modificada pela aplicação localizada desse elemento no solo, pois diminui sua adsorção, precipitação e fixação, pela redução do contato com o solo. Estudou-se, em casa de vegetação, a calibração de P em função da diferença de teores de P do solo provocada por sua aplicação localizada. Foram utilizadas amostras de Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos distróficos com textura muito argilosa e de outro com textura média. Utilizaram-se 14 combinações de sete doses de P adicionadas nas partes central e superior da amostra do vaso ("cova") com outras sete doses de P adicionadas no solo circulante à "cova" ("solo externo"). As amostras dos dois locais foram incubadas por 40 dias com P em embalagens separadas e depois acondicionadas no vaso. Uma muda de Eucalyptus pellita foi cultivada na parte média da "cova" de cada vaso por 82 dias. Determinaram-se a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea (MS) e o teor de P por Mehlich-1 nos dois locais do solo em amostras colhidas depois da incubação e antes do plantio e em uma amostra composta pelo solo da "cova" mais o "externo" da parte superior, após a colheita. O efeito da localização foi evidente, pois a produção de MS não se relacionou bem com a quantidade de P aplicada por vaso, e sim com as doses aplicadas nos dois locais. O crescimento da planta dependeu essencialmente da dose aplicada na "cova". Valores elevados do nível crítico para a "cova" não implicam uso de grande quantidade de P por vaso. O teor de P na amostra após a colheita representou bem a disponibilidade média, porém não se relacionou bem com a produção de MS, o que dificulta a obtenção de um nível crítico para amostras que representem a fertilidade média para todo o volume de solo. Mudanças no método de calibração de P são sugeridas em condições de aplicação localizada do P.

The availability of P is influenced by the application location of this element to the soil, affecting the adsorption, precipitation and fixation due to the reduction of contact with the soil. This study, carried out in a greenhouse, aimed to calibrate P soil concentrations for Eucalyptus pellita growth as affected by fertilizer placement. Samples of two Oxisols were used. The treatment consisted of 14 combinations of seven P rates, which were placed in holes in the upper mid part of pots (planting hole), and seven P doses applied to the soil around the holes (external soil). Samples of the two soils were incubated separately with P for 40 days before being placed in the pots. One eucalyptus plant was grown in the middle of the fertilizer hole of each pot for 82 days. The shoot dry matter was determined and soil samples were collected from both positions of fertilizer placement before sowing and after harvesting the plant, plus a composite sample of both soil positions after harvest. The soil P content was determined by Mehlich-1. Dry matter yield was not closely related with the applied P per pot, but was related with the rates applied in both positions, which demonstrated the effect of location. Plant growth depended essentially on the dose applied in the "hole". The high critical P level determined for this placement does not express the need of using high amounts of P per pot. The P content determined in the upper soil part after harvest clearly represented the mean P availability, but was not closely related with plant growth, indicating the difficulty of establishing a critical level that would represent the mean fertility of the whole soil volume. We suggest adjustments in the calibration method for P when the element is locally applied.

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15.

Soroprevalência de herpesvírus bovinos tipos 1 e/ou 5 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
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Holz, Carine L.

; Cibulski, Samuel P.

; Teixeira, Thais F.

; Batista, Helena B.C.R.

; Campos, Fabrício S.

; Silva, Juliana R.

; Varela, Ana Paula M.

; Cenci, Alexander

; Franco, Ana C.

; Roehe, Paulo M.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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sep 2009, Volume 29 N. 9 Pages 767 - 773

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de anticorpos contra os herpesvírus bovinos tipos 1 e 5 (BoHV-1 e BoHV-5) no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, frente a diferentes cepas de BoHV-1 e BoHV-5. As amostras de soro utilizadas foram extraídas de uma amostragem mais ampla, desenhada para estimar a prevalência de brucelose bovina no Estado. Todos os soros foram coletados de vacas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses de idade, não vacinadas contra herpesvírus bovinos, de rebanhos de corte e leite. O cálculo amostral foi baseado em uma expectativa de prevalência média de infecção de 33%, considerando-se um erro padrão não superior a 1% e um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Com base nesse cálculo foram examinados 2.200 soros, provenientes de 390 propriedades e 158 municípios. Os soros foram analisados na busca de anticorpos contra BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 pela técnica de soroneutralização (SN), executada frente a quatro cepas de vírus distintas: EVI123/98 e Los Angeles (BoHV-1.1); EVI88/95 (BoHV-5a) e A663 (BoHV-5b). A prevalência média de anticorpos contra o BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 nos animais amostrados foi de 29,2% (642/2200); animais soropositivos foram identificados em 57,7% (225/390) dos rebanhos. As estimativas de prevalência variaram de acordo com a cepa e/ou vírus utilizado para o desafio nos testes de SN. A prevalência e a sensibilidade mais altas foram obtidas quando os resultados positivos à SN frente aos quatro vírus distintos foram somados. O uso de somente um vírus de desafio na SN levaria a redução de sensibilidade de 20,4% a 34,6% quando comparada com os resultados positivos combinados. Estes achados evidenciam que anticorpos contra BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 estão amplamente difundidos nos rebanhos do RS, embora a prevalência em distintas regiões geográficas seja bastante variada. Os resultados obtidos nas estimativas de prevalência foram fortemente afetados pelas diferentes amostras de vírus usadas nos testes de SN. Esse fato deve ser levado em consideração quando estudos sorológicos para BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 forem realizados. Como a SN não é capaz de discriminar as respostas de anticorpos para BoHV-1 e BoHV-5, a prevalência tipo-específica permanece desconhecida.

This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to bovine herpesviruses types 1(BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, by testing serum samples against different BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 strains. The sera examined were obtained from a larger sample designed to estimate the prevalence of bovine brucellosis within the state. All sera were collected from cows 24 months or older, not vaccinated to bovine herpesviruses, from both dairy and beef herds. The number of samples to be tested was calculated based on an estimated prevalence of infection of 33%, with an average standard deviation of £1% and a 95% limit of agreement. Sera from 2.200 cattle from 390 farms distributed in 158 counties were tested by serum neutralization (SN) tests in search for antibodies to the following strains: BoHV-1.1 (strains EVI123/98 and Los Angeles), BoHV-5a (strain EVI88/95) and BoHV-5b (strain A663). The overall seroprevalence to BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 in the sampled herds was 29.2% (642/2.200); seropositive animals were detected in 225 (57.7%) of the sampled farms. Prevalence estimates varied according to the virus used for challenge in SN tests. The highest prevalence and sensitivity were attained when positive SN results against the four different strains were added together. The use of only one virus for challenge in SN tests would lead to a loss in sensitivity from 20.4% to 34.6% when compared to the combined SN-positive results. These findings provide evidence that antibodies to BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 are largely spread in dairy and beef herds in RS, although prevalence in distinct geographic regions is quite variable. The results were strongly affected by the virus strains used for challenge in SN testing. This must be taken into account when performing serologic tests to detect BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 antibodies. As SN test is not capable of discriminating between antibody responses to BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, type-specific prevalence remains unknown.

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