Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 y el contexto de emergencia socio-sanitaria trajo consigo, entre otras cosas, la oportunidad de visibilizar los cambios requeridos por el sistema formativo y profesional que demanda al colectivo de trabajo social: reinventarse para llevar a cabo nuevas formas de ayuda e intervención social en crisis. Lo anterior implica desplegar todo su potencial para ofrecer recursos de apoyo emocional en situaciones de distanciamiento físico-social bajo modalidad de teletrabajo, en estado de confinamiento o de regreso a la nueva normalidad. Todos estos hechos han ido generando desgaste y agotamiento emocional, tanto en este grupo profesional como en la población estudiantil en formación. El objetivo de este trabajo es relevar la importancia que tiene la educación emocional y la formación de competencias emocionales que fortalezcan el desempeño profesional de futuras personas trabajadoras sociales, no solo en un contexto excepcional sino en cualquier situación cotidiana que requiera de su atención o intervención. El principal motivo es, sobre todo, porque las competencias emocionales tienen directa relación con las habilidades sociales y cognitivas, con el logro de los aprendizajes y con los resultados laborales. Como principal resultado se evidencia la necesidad de implementar programas formativos que promuevan el desarrollo de competencias emocionales a partir de un diagnóstico claro que permita reorientar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. De este modo se busca aportar a la formación integral de las futuras personas profesionales del trabajo social. Se concluye que las competencias emocionales hacen referencia a un desarrollo humano integral, que apunta a un proceso educativo en la sociedad actual y a un aprendizaje a lo largo de toda la vida que integra el aprender a conocer, aprender a hacer, aprender a ser y aprender a convivir. Finalmente, se recomienda que la incorporación del aprendizaje socioemocional sea gradual, continuo y sistemático; contemplando una estrategia de capacitación permanente dirigida al equipo docente que forma al estudiantado de trabajo social, integrando un enfoque teórico desde la sociología de las emociones que considere la diversidad sociocultural de los entornos y contextos en los que estos se desenvuelven.

Abstract Among all the consequences resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the socio-sanitary emergency context, the opportunity to make visible those changes required by the training and professional system to social workers stands out. An example of this consists of the need to reinvent this social field to provide new assistance and social intervention in crisis, which implies deploying its full potential to offer emotional support resources in situations of physical-social distancing under the modality of teleworking, in a state of confinement or return to the new normality. All these facts have been generating emotional exhaustion in this professional group and the student population in training. Therefore, this investigation aims to highlight the importance of emotional education and the formation of emotional competencies that strengthen the professional performance of future social workers, not only in an exceptional context but in any daily situation that requires their attention or intervention, especially since emotional competencies are directly related to social and cognitive skills, with the achievement of learning and with work results. As a main discovery, the investigators consider it essential to implement training programs that promote the development of emotional competencies, starting with a clear diagnosis that allows reorienting the teaching and learning process. Hence, it would be possible to contribute to the comprehensive training of future social work professionals. In addition, the authors conclude that emotional competencies represent an integral human growth that points both to an educational process in society and to lifelong learning. Moreover, this integrates learning to know, to do, to be, and to learn to live together. Finally, the researchers recommend that the incorporation of social emotional learning be gradual, continuous, and systematic. Furthermore, that a permanent training strategy aimed at teachers who train social work students be contemplated, and that a theoretical approach be integrated from the sociology of emotions that considers the sociocultural diversity of the environments and contexts in which they operate.

Resumen Los nuevos modelos de negocios sientan sus bases en la economía digital, no requieren presencia física o intermediarios, interactúan con consumidores de diversas jurisdicciones gracias al uso progresivo de tecnologías de comunicación e internet, con costos bajos y alta velocidad. Ello ha provocado confrontación de intereses fiscales de las naciones en relación con la distribución de potestades tributarias y el cumplimiento de las obligaciones de los contribuyentes. Este trabajo examina las implicaciones de la economía digital en los sistemas tributarios en torno al Proyecto BEPS, por sus siglas en inglés: Base Erosion and Profit Sharing, promovido por el Grupo de los Veinte (G-20) y la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). A través de una revisión documental con un análisis descriptivo, se aborda la erosión de la base imponible y el traslado de beneficios, así como los principales desafíos que enfrentan las administraciones tributarias en el contexto internacional. La evidencia muestra una imperante necesidad de mejorar, de forma continua, la asignación de potestades tributarias donde Latinoamérica, así como otras naciones en desarrollo, podrían verse favorecidas al gravar rentas que provienen del comercio electrónico.

Abstract The new business models are based on the digital economy, and do not require physical presence or intermediaries. They interact with consumers from different jurisdictions due to the progressive use of communication technologies and the internet, at low costs and high speed. This has led to a confrontation of the fiscal interests of nations in relation to taxing powers distribution and the fulfillment of taxpayers’ obligations. This paper examines the implications of the digital economy on tax systems in relation to the BEPS Project: Base Erosion and Profit Sharing, promoted by the Group of Twenty (G-20) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Through a documentary review with a descriptive analysis, it addresses tax base erosion and profit shifting, as well as the main challenges faced by tax administrations in the international context. The evidence shows an urgent need to continuously improve the assignment of taxing power where Latin America, as well as other developing nations, could be favored by taxing income from e-commerce.

Abstract The interest in understanding the role of the university teacher in today’s society implies analyzing the didactic decisions that guide their work for the development of professional, social and technological skills. In this framework, the present study aimed to identify the scientific production related to the application of didactic models, mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), in the context of university education. Through a mixed analysis, with the application of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, a search was carried out from the five moments of the systematic review process, where a total of eighty-nine articles published in different high-impact journals were obtained. The results show the effort of teachers to implement some models based on the use of ICT resources and tools, compared to the poor command of didactic and technological skills for the construction of this type of strategy. Within a pragmatic perspective of education, this article proposes the challenges assumed by teachers to reformulate their practices, amid the dynamics of a transhumanist world located in the new ecology of knowledge. In this way, the different sociocultural contexts would facilitate the transformation and solution of problems applied in the classroom.

Resumen El interés por comprender el rol del docente universitario en la sociedad actual implica analizar las decisiones didácticas que orientan su quehacer para el desarrollo de competencias profesionales, sociales y tecnológicas. En este marco, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la producción científica relacionada con la aplicación de modelos didácticos, mediados por las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), en el contexto de la enseñanza universitaria. A través de un análisis mixto, con la aplicación de metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, se realizó una búsqueda desde los cinco momentos del proceso de revisión sistemática, donde se obtuvo un total de ochenta y nueve artículos publicados en diferentes revistas de alto impacto. Los resultados evidencian el esfuerzo del profesorado por implementar algunos modelos basados en el uso de recursos y herramientas TIC, frente al escaso dominio de las competencias didácticas y tecnológicas para la construcción de este tipo de estrategias. Dentro de una perspectiva pragmática de la educación, en este artículo se proponen los desafíos asumidos por los docentes para reformular sus prácticas, en medio de las dinámicas de un mundo transhumanista ubicado en la nueva ecología del conocimiento. De esta forma, los diferentes contextos socioculturales facilitarían la transformación y solución de problemas aplicados en el aula de clase.

Abstract Objective To assess the loss to follow-up after emergency care and during 6-months of outpatient follow-up, and the associated variables, among adolescent sexual violence survivors. Methods This is a retrospective study with review of the medical records of 521 females, aged 10 to 18 years, who received emergency care in a referral service in São Paulo, Brazil. The variables were sociodemographic; personal history; characteristics of abuse, disclosure, and reactions triggered after abuse (physical and mental disorders as well as social changes), psychotropic prescription needs, and moment of abandonment: after emergency care and before completing 6 months of outpatient follow-up. To compare groups of patients lost to follow-up at each time point, we used the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests followed by multiple logistic regression with stepwise criterion for selection of associated variables. We calculated the odds ratio with confidence interval (OR, CI 95%). The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results A total of 249/521 (47.7%) adolescents discontinued follow-up, 184 (35.3%) after emergency care and 65 (12.4%) before completing outpatient follow-up. The variables of living with a partner (OR = 5.94 [CI 95%; 2.49–14.20]); not having a religion (OR = 2.38 [CI 95%;1.29–4.38)]), having a Catholic religion [OR = 2.11 (CI 95%; 1.17–3.78)]; and not disclosing the abuse [OR = 2.07 (CI 95%; 1.25–3.44)] were associated with loss to follow-up after emergency care. Not needing mental disorder care (OR = 2.72 [CI 95%; 1.36–5.46]) or social support (OR = 2.33 [CI 95%; 1.09–4.99]) were directly associated with loss to outpatient follow-up. Conclusion Measures to improve adherence to follow-up should be aimed at adolescents who live with a partner and those who do not tell anyone about the violence.

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar a perda de seguimento de adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual após o atendimento de emergência, durante o seguimento ambulatorial e as variáveis associadas. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com a revisão de prontuários de 521 mulheres de 10 a 18 anos, que buscaram atendimento de emergência em um serviço de referência em São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis foram sociodemográficas; antecedentes pessoais; características do abuso, atitude de revelação e reações desencadeadas após o abuso (distúrbios físicos, mentais e mudanças sociais), necessidades de prescrição de psicotrópicos e momento do abandono: após atendimento de emergência e antes de completar 6 meses de seguimento ambulatorial. Para comparar os grupos de perda de seguimento em cada momento, foram utilizados os testes do qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, seguidos de regressão logística múltipla com critério stepwise para seleção das variáveis associadas. Calculamos a razão de probabilidade com intervalo de confiança (RP, IC 95%). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Um total de 249 (47,7%) das adolescentes descontinuaram o acompanhamento, 184 (35.3%) após o atendimento de emergência e 65 (12.4%) antes de completar o seguimento ambulatorial. As variáveis de viver com companheiro [RP = 5,94 (IC 95%; 2,49–14,20]; não ter religião [RP = 2,38 (IC 95%;1,29–4,38)], ter religião católica [RP = 2,11 (IC 95%; 1,17–3,78)] e não revelar o abuso [RP = 2,07 (IC 95%; 1,25–3,44)] foram associadas à perda de seguimento após o atendimento de emergência. Não necessitar de cuidados de saúde mental (RP = 2,72 [IC 95%; 1,36–5,46]) ou apoio social (RP = 2,33 [IC 95%; 1,09–4,99]) foram as variáveis associadas à perda do seguimento ambulatorial. Conclusão Medidas para melhorar a adesão ao seguimento devem ser direcionadas às adolescentes que vivem com parceiro e às que não revelam a violência sofrida.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare services worldwide. From the anesthetic point of view, some of the clinical challenges are the high patient risk of pulmonary complications during the perioperative period and the risk of infection of healthcare personnel due to airway and aerosol handling. We describe the anesthetic management of an oncological patient with positive PCR for COVID-19 who wished to preserve her fertility before starting adjuvant oncological treatment and that, according to the protocols established at the time of the case, non-urgent interventions should be delayed until the PCR was negative, which would lead to delaying the intervention without being able to start medical treatment for the tumor process, choosing the most reliable anesthetic technique to avoid complications for the patient and the health personnel.

Resumen: La pandemia del COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en los servicios sanitarios de todo el mundo. Desde el punto de vista anestésico, algunos de los retos clínicos son el alto riesgo del paciente de sufrir complicaciones pulmonares durante el período perioperatorio y el de infección del personal sanitario por la manipulación de la vía aérea y los aerosoles. Se describe la conducta anestésica realizada a una paciente oncológica con PCR para COVID-19 positiva que deseaba preservar su fertilidad antes de comenzar tratamiento oncológico adyuvante y que, según los protocolos establecidos en el momento del caso, se debían demorar las intervenciones no urgentes hasta la negativización de la PCR, lo que conllevaría a retrasar la intervención sin poder comenzar el tratamiento médico para el proceso tumoral, escogiéndose la técnica anestésica más fiable para evitar complicaciones a la paciente y al personal sanitario.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a violência sexual sofrida por vítimas no início e no final da adolescência, as reações desencadeadas após a agressão, e o cuidado de saúde dispensado. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, em que foram revisados os prontuários de 521 mulheres adolescentes atendidas por equipe multiprofissional em hospital de referência em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis foram sociodemográficas, e aquelas relativas às características da violência, ao atendimento de emergência, e às reações físicas e psicológicas observadas durante o seguimento nos grupos de adolescentes de idade precoce (10a 14 anos) e tardia (15 a 18 anos). Utilizamos os testes do Qui-quadrado/Exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis para comparar os grupos; adotamos o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados O grupo precoce (n= 242) continha maior número de estudantes (p< 0,001), que sofreram mais agressões diurnas (p= 0,031), em suas residências (p< 0,001), por agressor conhecido (p< 0,001), tiveram maior necessidade de proteção legal (p= 0,001), e demoraram mais a procurar atendimento (p= 0,048). Sentimentos de culpa, vergonha e a percepção da violência foram similares entre os grupos. No grupo tardio (n= 279) houve maior consumo de álcool durante a agressão (p= 0,005); as adolescentes receberam significativamente mais tratamentos de profilaxia; relataram mais sintomas físicos (p= 0,033), distúrbios do sono (p= 0,003), sintomas de ansiedade (p= 0,045), e sentimentos de angústia (p= 0,011); e receberam mais prescrições de psicotrópicos (p= 0,005). Apenas 52% completaram o seguimento de 6 meses, sem diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão Os grupos apresentaram diferenças nas características da violência; as adolescentes precoces chegaram mais tardiamente ao serviço, e o grupo tardio apresentou maior sintomatologia e piora psicológica no seguimento. São necessárias medidas de prevenção e cuidados específicos voltados a essa população.

Abstract Objective To compare the sexual violence suffered by women in early and late adolescence, the reactions triggered after the aggression, and the care provided. Methods A retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records of 521 female adolescents treated by a multidisciplinary team at a reference hospital in the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed sociodemographic variables, and those pertainin to the characteristics of the episodes of violence, the emergency care, and the physical and psychological reactions observed during the follow-up. For the analysis, the sample was divided into groups of early (10 to 14 years) and late (15 to 18 years) adolescence. We used the Chi-squared/Fisher Exact, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare the groups; the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results The early group (n= 242) contained more adolescents who were enrolled in school (p< 0.001), suffered more daytime aggressions (p= 0.031), in their residences (p< 0.001), by an aggressor with whom they were acquainted (p< 0.001), had greater need of legal protection (p= 0.001), and took longer to seek care (p= 0.048). Feelings of guilt, shame, and the perception of violence were similar between the groups. In the late group (n= 279), there was greater consumption of alcohol during the aggression (p= 0,005); they received significantly more prophylaxis treatments; reported more physical symptoms (p= 0.033), sleep disorders (p= 0.003), symptoms of anxiety (p= 0.045), and feelings of anguish (p= 0.011); and had more prescriptions of psychotropics (p= 0.005). Only 52% completed the 6-month follow-up, with no differences between the groups. Conclusion The age groups showed differences in the characteristics of the episodes of violence; early adolescents took longer to seek help, and the late group presented more intense symptoms and psychological worsening during the follow-up. Measures of prevention and specific care aimed at this population are needed.

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas son un problema de salud pública; el 80% de ellas se relacionan con factores de riesgo modificables, como una dieta poco saludable, la inactividad física, el tabaquismo y el consumo riesgoso de alcohol. La intervención en el tabaquismo y el consumo riesgoso de alcohol se ha demostrado efectiva en el cuidado primario, pero se desconoce si funciona de la misma manera en el contexto hospitalario. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la consejería breve para modificar el estadio de cambio en pacientes fumadores y bebedores en riesgo atendidos en un hospital de alta complejidad. Métodos: Experimento clínico aleatorizado, que evalúa la efectividad de 4 modalidades de consejería breve para la cesación de tabaquismo y el consumo riesgoso de alcohol en comparación con el cuidado habitual, seleccionadas según el estadio de cambio del sujeto. El resultado primario es la proporción de pacientes en cada uno de los grupos (intervención y control) en los cuales se identifica el avance en el estadio de cambio; además se analizará la reducción de consumos. Protocolo registrado en ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03521622). Resultados: Los resultados se publicarán en revistas de literatura científica y su aplicación pretende generar protocolos de intervenciones conductuales en factores de riesgo modificables en hospitales de alta complejidad. El experimento fue presentado y aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio (aprobación 01/2018).

Abstrac Introduction: Chronic diseases are a public health problem, and 80% of them are related to modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and risky alcohol consumption. Although the intervention in smoking and hazardous alcohol drinking has proven to be effective in Primary Care, it is unknown whether it works in the same way in the hospital setting. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of brief counselling in order to modify the stage of change in smokers and at-risk drinkers treated in a high complexity hospital. Methods: A Randomized controlled trial to be conducted, in which an evaluation is made of four brief counselling strategies for smoking cessation and risky alcohol consumption compared to usual care, selected according to the patient's stage of change. The primary result will be the proportion of patients in each of the groups (intervention and control) with identified progress in the stage of change. The reduction of consumption will be also be analyzed. Protocol registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03521622). Results: The results will be published in scientific journals, and its application aims to generate behavioral intervention protocols for modifiable risk factors in high complexity hospitals. The trial was presented and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia (Approval 01/2018).

Abstract Half of the global population over 20 years of age will be affected by cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular events in young people is challenging. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a non-traumatic and non-iatrogenic separation of the coronary arterial wall and is an uncommon and underdiagnosed cause of acute myocardial infarction predominately found in young women. Medical management has been more widely accepted, with percutaneous and surgery treatment reserved for precise indications. Optimal control of individual risk factors is essential in order to avoid recurrences.

Summary Background and aims: Algae and Cyanobacteria species that grow in contaminated sites can accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals. In this work it was proposed to a) characterize the community of algae and Cyanobacteria and b) evaluate the effect of lead (Pb) on the composition of algae present in the rhizosphere of plants capable to accumulate Pb in Córdoba province. M&M : Soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of Sorghum halepense, Bidens pilosa and Tagetes minuta at sites with different levels of Pb. In the laboratory, the soil was sown in capsules with sterilized Watanabe medium. The cultures grew 9 weeks. The algae and Cyanobacteria were identified over the time and the final relative frequency analyzed. Results : In contaminated soils, 24 species of Cyanobacteria, Chloroplastida and Xanthophyceae were identified. The heterocytous cyanobacteria Cylindrospermum muscicola, Nostoc commune and Calothrix clavata registered a relative mean frequency (between 21 and 60%). Trebouxia parmeliae (Chloroplastida) and Vaucheria sp. (Xanthophyceae) were present in soils with the highest level of Pb. Most of the species were concentrated in the lowest levels of Pb. Conclusions : A negative effect of Pb on the species richness of algae and Cyanobacteria was observed in the rhizosphere of the evaluated plants. Based on the composition of the community of algae and Cyanobacteria in the soil, two groups are determined and could be considered tolerant and non-tolerant communities of Pb contamination.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos : Las especies de algas y Cyanobacteria que crecen en sitios contaminados pueden acumular altas concentraciones de metales pesados. En este trabajo se propuso a) caracterizar la comunidad de algas y Cyanobacteria y b) evaluar el efecto del plomo (Pb) sobre la composición de algas presentes en la rizosfera de plantas capaces de acumular Pb en la provincia de Córdoba. M&M : Se tomaron muestras de suelo de la rizosfera de Sorghum halepense, Bidens pilosa y Tagetes minuta en sitios con diferentes niveles de Pb. En el laboratorio, el suelo se sembró en cápsulas con medio de Watanabe esterilizado. Los cultivos crecieron 9 semanas. Se identificó en el tiempo y analizó la frecuencia relativa final de las algas y Cyanobacteria. Resultados : En suelos contaminados se identificaron 24 especies de Cyanobacteria, Chloroplastida y Xanthophyceae. Las Cyanobacteria con heterocitos Cylindrospermum muscicola, Nostoc commune y Calothrix clavata registraron una frecuencia media relativa (entre 21 y 60%). Trebouxia parmeliae (Chloroplastida) y Vaucheria sp. (Xanthophyceae) estuvieron presentes en los suelos con mayor nivel de Pb. La mayor parte de las especies se concentraron en los niveles más bajos de Pb. Conclusiones : Se observó un efecto negativo del Pb sobre la riqueza de especies de algas y Cyanobacteria en la rizosfera de las plantas evaluadas. En base a la composición de la comunidad de algas y Cyanobacteria del suelo se determinan dos grandes grupos que podrían ser considerados como comunidades tolerantes y no tolerantes a la contaminación de Pb.

Resumen: Introducción:La labor de cuidado de niños con discapacidad en primera infancia está mediada por muchos elementos, entre ellos, las prácticas. Dada la discapacidad y la edad de los niños, es habitual que sean sus cuidadores los responsables de su bienestar. Comprender las prácticas de los cuidadores permite optimizar e implementar rutinas funcionales, que propendan al bienestar y la calidad de vida de los niños y sus cuidadores. Objetivo: Comprender las prácticas de personas encargadas del cuidado a niños con discapacidad, de 1 a 6 años de edad, en el Instituto de Capacitación Los Álamos (Itagüí, Colombia). Método: Estudio cualitativo enfocado en la teoría fundamentada. Se invitó a participar 12 madres sustitutas del instituto, se realizó un muestreo a conveniencia hasta la saturación teórica. Resultados: Las prácticas se constituyen en rutinas de cuidado que incluyen actividades que son específicas para los niños con discapacidad, tales como masajes, terapias, adaptaciones del espacio para el posicionamiento y la participación, entre otros. Actividades como la alimentación y el masaje son igual de importantes a la hora del cuidado de un niño con discapacidad. Conclusión: El cuidado de niños con discapacidad supone la realización de múltiples actividades y diferentes prácticas específicas para la condición del niño. A pesar de lo difíciles que son, terminan estando inmersas en un compilado de rutinas que se incorporan al día a día de la familia.

Abstract: Introduction: Many elements, including practices, mediate the work of caring for children with disabilities in early childhood. As a result of the disability and age of the children, their caregivers commonly become responsible for their well-being. Understanding the practices of caregivers allows optimizing and implementing functional routines that promote the well-being and quality of life of children and their caregivers. Objective: To understand the practices of caregivers of children aged 1-6 years with disabilities at the Instituto de Capacitación Los Álamos (Itagüí, Colombia). Method: Qualitative study focused on grounded theory. The participants were twelve surrogate mothers from the institute; a convenience sampling was carried out until theoretical saturation. Results: The practices consisted of care routines, including activities specifically for children with disabilities such as massages, therapies, adaptations of the space for postural control and participation. Moreover, activities such as feeding and massages are equally important when caring for a child with a disability. Conclusion: Caring for children with disabilities involves multiple activities and practices specific to the child's condition. Despite their difficulty, they become immersed in a compilation of routines incorporated into the family's daily life.

Resumo: Introdução: O trabalho de cuidar de crianças com deficiência na primeira infância é mediado por muitos elementos, incluindo práticas. Dada a deficiência e a idade das crianças, é comum que seus cuidadores sejam responsáveis por seu bem-estar. A compreensão das práticas dos cuidadores permite otimizar e implementar rotinas funcionais que promovam o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida da criança e de seus cuidadores. Objetivo: Compreender as práticas sobre o cuidado de crianças com deficiência física na primeira infância, construídas por cuidadores pertencentes ao Instituto de Capacitación Los Álamos. Método: Estudo qualitativo com foco na teoria fundamentada. Doze mães de aluguel foram convidadas a participar, sendo realizada uma amostragem por conveniência até a saturação teórica. Resultados: As práticas se constituem em rotinas de cuidado, que incluem atividades específicas para crianças com deficiência, como massagens, terapias, adaptações do espaço para posicionamento e participação, entre outras. Atividades como alimentação e massagem são tão importantes quanto ao cuidar de uma criança com deficiência. Conclusão: Cuidar de crianças com deficiência envolve a realização de múltiplas atividades e diferentes práticas específicas à condição da criança. Por mais difíceis que sejam, acabam imersos em uma compilação de rotinas que se incorporam ao dia a dia da família.

RESUMEN Los ríos de montaña contienen una gran diversidad de hábitats caracterizados por cambios temporales en los factores ambientales y por albergar diferentes organismos. Los briófitos son un componente importante de la biota de estos ecosistemas, donde son altamente diversos y contribuyen de manera significativa a la producción primaria, estabilización de los márgenes de los cursos de agua y aumento en la heterogeneidad de hábitats para otros organismos. Este trabajo se realizó en el río Teatinos (Boyacá, Colombia), en un gradiente altitudinal entre 2100 y 3300 m, donde se evaluó la diversidad de briófitos acuáticos y su relación con algunos factores ambientales como pH, conductividad, temperatura, profundidad, pendiente y ancho del cauce. Se establecieron doce sitios de muestreo distribuidos cada 100 m altitudinales, donde se registraron 70 especies correspondientes a 41 musgos, 27 hepáticas y dos antocerotes. La mayor riqueza y diversidad se reportaron a los 3100 m y la dominancia es mayor a 2400 m. La composición de las comunidades indicó la distribución de las especies en dos grupos, uno entre 2100 y 2800 m y el otro entre 2900 y 3300 m. La temperatura, la conductividad y la pendiente se correlacionan negativamente con la riqueza.

ABSTRACT The mountain rivers contain a great diversity of habitats, which are characterized by temporary changes in environmental factors and by hosting different organisms. The bryophytes are an important component in the biota of these ecosystems, where they reach large coverage and contribute significantly to primary production, stabilization of the margins of watercourses and increasing the heterogeneity of habitats for other organisms. This work is carried out in the Teatinos River (Boyaca, Colombia), in an altitudinal gradient between 2100 and 3300 m, in which the diversity of aquatic bryophytes and its relationship with some environmental factors such as pH, conductivity, temperature, depth, slope and width of the channel, measured along the mentioned is evaluated. Twelve sampling sites were established, distributed every 100 m altitude, where 70 species were recorded, corresponding to 41 mosses, 27 liverworts and two hornworts. The greatest richness and diversity were reported at 3100 m. Dominance is higher at 2400 m. The composition of the communities indicated the distribution of the species into two groups one from 2100 to 2800 m and a second from 2900 to 3300 m. The temperature, conductivity and slope are negatively correlated with the richness.

This paper discusses the function of the physiotherapy against COVID-19: how does it work in the chest physiotherapy and workplace health and safety. These fields are considered leading and decisive to take care of health professionals. In general, they work under unsuitable conditions that raise the likelihood of virus transmission in the social and economic context. Likewise, it specifies the relationship between the function of the physiotherapy and every intervention phase, according to exhibiting signs and symptoms on the patient. It is based on processes and procedures that are underpinned by experiences from other countries, specifically China. Finally, there is a discussion about safety measures and a description of the accelerated process to promote remote physical therapy due to COVID-19.

RESUMEN En este artículo reflexivo se analiza el papel que juega la fisioterapia frente al COVID-19 en la fisioterapia respiratoria y la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, campos importantes y a su vez álgidos porque, ante la situación actual de pandemia, los profesionales de salud en general son sometidos a inadecuadas condiciones laborales que impactan su alta posibilidad de contagio en su ámbito social y económico. De igual forma, se especifica la relación del quehacer profesional de la fisioterapia con cada fase de intervención según la manifestación de los signos y síntomas que presenta el paciente, basados en procesos y procedimientos sustentados en experiencias de otros países, en especial de China. Finalmente se discuten las medidas seguras y la descripción del proceso acelerado para desarrollar la telerehabilitación como consecuencia del COVID-19.

RESUMEN En este artículo reflexivo se analiza el papel que juega la fisioterapia frente al COVID-19 en la fisioterapia respiratoria y la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, campos importantes y a su vez álgidos porque, ante la situación actual de pandemia, los profesionales de salud en general son sometidos a inadecuadas condiciones laborales que impactan su alta posibilidad de contagio en su ámbito social y económico. De igual forma, se especifica la relación del quehacer profesional de la fisioterapia con cada fase de intervención según la manifestación de los signos y síntomas que presenta el paciente, basados en procesos y procedimientos sustentados en experiencias de otros países, en especial de China. Finalmente se discuten las medidas seguras y la descripción del proceso acelerado para desarrollar la telerehabilitación como consecuencia del COVID-19.

This paper discusses the function of the physiotherapy against COVID-19: how does it work in the chest physiotherapy and workplace health and safety. These fields are considered leading and decisive to take care of health professionals. In general, they work under unsuitable conditions that raise the likelihood of virus transmission in the social and economic context. Likewise, it specifies the relationship between the function of the physiotherapy and every intervention phase, according to exhibiting signs and symptoms on the patient. It is based on processes and procedures that are underpinned by experiences from other countries, specifically China. Finally, there is a discussion about safety measures and a description of the accelerated process to promote remote physical therapy due to COVID-19.

Although rodents can move fast, they are in general considered non-cursorial mammals, with the notable exception of some species within the suborder Caviomorpha which are convergent with small-sized artiodactyls. The mara, Dolichotis patagonum (average body mass: 8 kg), is a member of the family Caviidae which occupies relatively open habitats in southern South America, and shows remarkable anatomical traits associated to fast locomotion. These include elongated limbs, especially their distal segments, a digitigrade foot posture, and muscles attached near limb joints. However, its locomotor behavior is not yet well understood. Here we focus on the mara’s locomotor kinematics, especially on the gaits performed at different speeds, and provide new data and analyses. By means of high-speed video-recordings, it was observed that maras use lateral walk at low speeds and pace at moderate speeds. By implementing half bound maras reached their maximum speed at 36 km/h, i.e. 14.3 body length/s. It was also confirmed that maras are able to perform pronking, a probable alarm or fitness signal. Kinematic parameters (e.g. duty factor; stride frequency), and comparisons of running speed with other caviomorph and artiodactyl species are also provided.

Aunque relativamente veloces, los roedores en general son considerados mamíferos no cursoriales, con la notable excepción de algunas especies dentro del suborden Caviomorpha, las que son consideradas convergentes con artiodáctilos de pequeño tamaño. La mara Dolichotis patagonum, es una especie perteneciente a la Familia Caviidae que se distribuye en hábitats relativamente abiertos de la porción sur de Sudamérica. Las maras presentan una anatomía especialmente adecuada para alcanzar elevadas velocidades de desplazamiento, incluyendo extremidades alargadas (especialmente sus segmentos distales), una postura digitígrada, e inserciones musculares cercanas a las articulaciones de los miembros. En el presente trabajo nos enfocamos en la cinemática de la locomoción de la mara, especialmente en el tipo de paso (en inglés “gait”) utilizado a diferentes velocidades, aportando nuevos datos y análisis. Mediante el uso de video filmación de alta velocidad, se observó que las maras utilizan la caminata lateral a bajas velocidades, mientras que la marcha al paso (a veces denominada ambladura) se utiliza a velocidades moderadas. Mediante el medio salto las maras alcanzaron su velocidad máxima, la cual fue de 36 km/h, i.e. 14.3 longitud corporal/s. Se confirmó también que las maras son capaces de realizar pronking, probablemente una señal de alarma o de fortaleza física. Se calcularon parámetros cinemáticos tales como el factor de carga, la longitud y la frecuencia del paso. La velocidad y los tipos de paso utilizados por las maras fueron comparados con los de otras especies de roedores caviomorfos y de artiodáctilos de pequeño tamaño corporal.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la historia familiar del consumo de alcohol y el consumo de alcohol de los adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo correlacional en 191 adolescentes de una institución pública de educación básica de Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, para lo cual se utilizó el Inventario de Historia Familiar de Consumo de Alcohol. Resultados: El 57.6% de los adolescente manifestó que alguna de las personas con las que vive consume bebidas alcohólicas; el padre es el principal consumidor con un 24.6%, seguido de ambos padres (13.1%), y llegan a consumir hasta 12.6 bebidas alcohólicas por ocasión de consumo. Los resultados muestran una relación positiva y significativa entre los antecedentes familiares y el número de bebidas alcohólicas consumidas en un día típico por los adolescentes (rs = 0.329, p = 0.001). Conclusiones: La familia juega un papel primordial en la adquisición de conductas de los adolescentes, dado que la adolescencia representa una etapa de vulnerabilidad en la que se definen aspectos biopsicosociales de la edad adulta. De ahí la importancia de fomentar estilos de vida saludables dentro del núcleo familiar que repercutirán en la salud integral de los adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship between family history of alcohol and alcohol consumption among adolescents. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive correlational study in 191 adolescents from a public institution of basic education Ciudad of Carmen Campeche; Inventory Family History Alcohol was used. Results: The 57.6% of adolescents said that some of the people living with them consume alcoholic beverages, the father being the main consuming with 24.6%, followed by both parents (13.1%); reaching up to 12.6 consume alcoholic drinks per drinking occasion. The results show a positive and significant relationship between family history and the number of alcoholic drinks consumed on a typical day by teens (rs = 0.329, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The family plays a major role in the acquisition of behaviors of adolescents, as adolescence is a vulnerable period where biopsychosocial aspects of adulthood are defined, hence the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles within the family that will affect the overall health of adolescents.