ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the oxidative stress in swine neonates submitted to hypoxia. Methods Ten large white piglets, healthy newborns, of both sexes, were divided into two groups and submitted to an experimental hypoxia protocol with reduced inspired oxygen fraction. The hypoxia group, composed of six animals, was submitted to oxygen reduction for 180 min. The animals in the control group, n = 4, were handled and evaluated simultaneously, but without oxygen reduction. Results 180 min after the start of the hypoxic insult, a significant difference was observed in the oximetry, and heart rate of the hypoxia group was compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the oxidative stress analyses. Reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyl (PC), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the piglets’ brain tissue were analyzed. Conclusions Hypoxia causes adverse effects in swine neonates, although there is a natural physiological resistance of swine neonates to respond to this insult. Analyses of GSH, SOD, CAT, TBARS, MPO, and PC were tabulated and are presented as parameters for further studies to be carried out on an animal model of swine hypoxia.

ABSTRACT Background: Thrombocytopenia (TP) is the major event associated with linezolid (LZD) therapy. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for thrombocytopenia in hospitalized adults who received LZD (1200 mg/day) between 2015 and 2017. HIV-positive, death during follow-up and those with a baseline platelet count ≤100 × 103/mm3 were excluded. Method: TP was defined as a decrease in platelet count of ≥20% from the baseline level at the initiation of linezolid therapy and a final count of <100 × 103/mm3. The odds ratios (OR) for thrombocytopenia were obtained using multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. Main results: A total of 66 patients were included (mean age [SD] 62 [18], male gender [%], 37 [56]). LZD-associated TP was identified in 12 patients (18.2%). For TP, the adjusted OR [95% CI] of the platelet count ≤200 × 103/mm3, serum creatinine and renal impairment at baseline were 5.66 [1.15-27.9], 4.57 [1.26-16.5] and 9.41 [1.09-80.54], respectively. Male gender and dosage per weight per day (DPWD) >20 mg/kg/day were not risk factors. Conclusion: The results showed that the incidence of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia was lower in patients with normal renal function and higher in those with platelet counts ≤200 × 103/mm3 or serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL at the start of the treatment.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the serum levels of nitric oxide and correlate them with the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver, brain and spinal cord of animals using L-NAME and treated with hydroxyurea. Methods: Eighteen male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was intraperitoneally administered to induce oxidative stress. TBARS and plasma nitric oxide levels were analyzed in all groups. Histopathology of the liver and vascular tissue was performed. Results: Statistically significant differences were seen in liver, brain and spinal cord TBARS levels. Conclusions: Following the use of L-NAME, hepatic tissue increased the number of Kupffer cells as oxidative stress and inflammatory response increased. The use of L-NAME caused an increase in lipid peroxidation products and, consequently, in oxidative stress in animals. Hydroxyurea doses of 35 mg / kg / day reduced TBARS values in liver, brain and spinal cord.

Abstract Genomic evaluations have revolutionized dairy cattle breeding, and the demand for embryos produced from very young heifers with high genetic merit has increased over time. The combination of low oocyte recovery, young age of donors, and milk production status can make the in vitro embryo production (IVP) of Holstein cattle incredibly challenging. Several factors need to be coordinated to obtain a live calf from an IVP embryo, but the quality of the oocyte at the start of the process is one of the key factors. Aspects related to oocyte quality, laboratory quality control, embryo quality and recipient selection are addressed here, based on the measures that the RuAnn Genetics Laboratory (Riverdale, California, USA) adopted in the last 12 years, with the goal of improving production of live, healthy calves from Holstein embryos. Follicular wave synchronization and stimulation with follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) is necessary to improve oocyte quality and consequently embryo production. Laboratory quality control and the use of high-quality supplies are essential to reduce variability in production and facilitate identification of other factors that might interfere with embryo production. High pregnancy rates can be achieved with good quality embryos selected at optimal time and stage of development, transferred by an experienced embryo transfer (ET) technician, to well managed recipients 7 or 8 days after estrus. Attention to detail at every step of the process is crucial to success.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of genomic instability in patients with celiac disease and to establish a relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in these patients. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, adenosine deaminase, nitric oxide (NOx), thiobarbituric acid, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and DNA damage were evaluated in peripheral blood samples from 47 celiac disease patients and 31 controls. Patients with celiac disease presented higher levels of DNA damage in comparison to controls (p=0.023). This difference was also observed for markers of oxidative stress, such as CAT (p=0.011) and SOD (p=0.013), and inflammatory markers such as MPO (p < 0.001) and NOx (p=0.009). Positive correlations were found between DNA damage levels and the values of CAT (r=0.405; p=0.009) and SOD (r=0.516; p < 0.001). Positive correlations were also found between GPx and NOx (r=0.349; p=0.030) and MPO and NOx (r=0.239; p=0.039). CAT and NOx showed a negative correlation (r= −0.315; p=0.042). In conclusion, intestinal inflammation can have systemic effects, causing an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant markers, which may promote increased levels of DNA damage.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é revisar sistematicamente as evidências sobre as técnicas de avaliação nutricional e parâmetros utilizados para determinar o estado nutricional em crianças e adolescentes. Revisão da literatura com busca nas bases de dados, Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e Embase, além de arquivos pessoais. Identificamos 17 artigos que relatavam dados de diferentes populações, sete estudos abordaram os índices antropométricos, quatro o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes por meio de curvas de crescimento, e o restante a composição corporal. Todos preencheram os critérios de qualidade, com exceção das limitações. A revisão da literatura sugere diversas técnicas e parâmetros que podem ser aplicados para determinar o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes de diferentes países. Gráficos de crescimento são essenciais para avaliar a saúde de crianças, mas depende muito das tabelas de crescimento utilizadas. Embora o IMC seja prático, não distingue a gordura corporal de massa magra. Existem várias técnicas para avaliar proporções, tamanho e composição corporal. A melhor interpretação da antropometria dependerá de valores de referência válidos para a faixa etária da população estudada. BIA é um método factível, mas tem algumas limitações para a realização do exame.

Abstract This article aims to review systematically the evidence on nutritional assessment techniques and parameters used to determine the nutritional status of children and adolescents. The literature review and the selection of publications were performed using the Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, Embase, personal files. 17 studies were identified, 7 addressed the anthropometric indices as the main outcome, 7 analyzed the growth and development of children and adolescents through growth curves, and the remainder surveyed body composition. In general, all met the quality criteria, unless 6 of the articles who did not discuss the limitations. The literature review suggests several techniques and parameters that can be applied to determine the nutritional status of children and adolescents from different countries. Growth graphs are essential to assess the health of children, but depend greatly of the growth tables used. Although BMI can be practical, it does not distinguish body fat from lean mass. The best interpretation of anthropometry will depend of valid reference values for age range of the study population. BIA is a quick feasible method, but the measurement has some various nationalities.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é revisar sistematicamente as evidências sobre as técnicas de avaliação nutricional e parâmetros utilizados para determinar o estado nutricional em crianças e adolescentes. Revisão da literatura com busca nas bases de dados, Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e Embase, além de arquivos pessoais. Identificamos 17 artigos que relatavam dados de diferentes populações, sete estudos abordaram os índices antropométricos, quatro o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes por meio de curvas de crescimento, e o restante a composição corporal. Todos preencheram os critérios de qualidade, com exceção das limitações. A revisão da literatura sugere diversas técnicas e parâmetros que podem ser aplicados para determinar o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes de diferentes países. Gráficos de crescimento são essenciais para avaliar a saúde de crianças, mas depende muito das tabelas de crescimento utilizadas. Embora o IMC seja prático, não distingue a gordura corporal de massa magra. Existem várias técnicas para avaliar proporções, tamanho e composição corporal. A melhor interpretação da antropometria dependerá de valores de referência válidos para a faixa etária da população estudada. BIA é um método factível, mas tem algumas limitações para a realização do exame.

Abstract This article aims to review systematically the evidence on nutritional assessment techniques and parameters used to determine the nutritional status of children and adolescents. The literature review and the selection of publications were performed using the Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, Embase, personal files. 17 studies were identified, 7 addressed the anthropometric indices as the main outcome, 7 analyzed the growth and development of children and adolescents through growth curves, and the remainder surveyed body composition. In general, all met the quality criteria, unless 6 of the articles who did not discuss the limitations. The literature review suggests several techniques and parameters that can be applied to determine the nutritional status of children and adolescents from different countries. Growth graphs are essential to assess the health of children, but depend greatly of the growth tables used. Although BMI can be practical, it does not distinguish body fat from lean mass. The best interpretation of anthropometry will depend of valid reference values for age range of the study population. BIA is a quick feasible method, but the measurement has some various nationalities.

Abstract The influence of the frecuency content of seismic excitations on the behavior of an optimal tuned mass damper (TMD) is studied in the context of a system with explicit consideration of soil-structure interaction. A stochastic analysis is made in the time domain for two random processes, one considering a broad bandwidth process (BBP) and other considering a narrow bandwidth process (NBP). A structure built over three different types of soil (soft, medium and hard) is considered. For the optimization of the TMD, the minimization of the ratio between the standard deviation of the displacement of the main structure with TMD with respect to a structure without TMD, is used as the target function. It is found that for seismic excitations with high frecuency content, the ratio of the TMD frequencies compared to the fixed base frequency of the structure approaches to 1 as the soil becomes more rigid. It is also observed that the TMD become tuned with the flexible base frequency for all soil types, producing perfect tuning for small mass ratios and detuning gradually for higher mass ratios. On the other hand, the TMD optimal damping ratio increases as the TMD mass ratio is higher, independently of the soil type. The TMD is more efficient for higher values of the TMD mass ratios, especially on soft soil. In structures built over flexible base, that are subjected to low frequency content excitations, the optimal TMD is tuned with the flexible base, independently of the type of soil and the fixed base period of the main structure. The TMD optimal damping is not sensitive to the flexible period for small mass ratios, and reaches its minimum value when it matches with the predominant period of the seismic event. On the other hand, the TMD reaches its maximum efficiency when it is tuned with the flexible period of the soil-structure system, and coincides with the predominant period of the seismic exitation and is higher on soft soil. A deterministic analysis is made using two seismic records, an artificial earthquake compatible with the Chilean code NCh2745 characterized by high frequencies content and other similar to the event in 1985 in Mexico, characterized by low frequencies content. It is seen that the optimal TMD is efficient controlling the response of the structure in all types of soil analyzed.

RESUMO: O desenvolvimento de pesticidas é uma constante no setor agropecuário, visando oferecer produtos menos agressivos ao meio ambiente e novos princípios ativos, evitando o aparecimento de resistência. O estudo de alternativas aos fungicidas utilizados no tratamento de sementes tem nos óleos essenciais um campo para prospecção. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos dos óleos essenciais provenientes de folhas de C. citriodora e E. camaldulensis , em sementes de milho da variedade AL Bandeirante, de diferentes localidades. A qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes foi avaliada quando se trataram as amostras utilizando os óleos individualmente, a mistura equitativa desses óleos e o tratamento com um antifúngico comercial. Foi observado que o tratamento com os óleos C. citriodora e E. camaldulensis e a mistura dos óleos não afetou a germinação imediata das sementes de Avaré. No lote de Bernardino de Campos, o tratamento com C. citriodora foi prejudicial; com o E. camualdulensis , apesar de não diferenciar estatisticamente dos demais, diminuiu a germinação, o que impediria sua utilização como semente, segundo o padrão normatizado (de 85%) pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). O óleo de E. camaldulensis apresentou efeito fitotóxico, diminuindo o comprimento das plântulas; a acetona utilizada como solvente não influenciou sobre a germinação, mas apresentou efeito fitotóxico após o envelhecimento acelerado. A aplicação dos óleos isoladamente foi capaz de diminuir a incidência dos fungos dos gêneros Penicillium e Fusarium , mas para Aspergillus o comportamento foi semelhante ao antifúngico comercial, não apresentando efeito quando comparado ao tratamento testemunha.

ABSTRACT: The development of pesticides is a constant in the agricultural sector in order to offer products less aggressive to the environment and new active ingredients, preventing the emergence of resistance. The alternative study to fungicides used for seed treatment has the essential oils field for prospecting. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oils from leaves of C. citriodora and E. camaldulensis in maize seed variety AL Bandeirante, from different locations. The physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds were evaluated when treated samples using the oils individually, equal mixture of these oils and treatment with a commercial antifungal. It was observed that the treatment with the oils C. citriodora , E. camaldulensis and the mixture of oils did not affect the immediate germination of seeds Avare. In the batch Bernardino de Campos, treatment with C. citriodora was harmful and E. camualdulensis , although not statistically differ from the others, decreased germination which would prevent its use as seed, according to the standard regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), 85%. The E. camaldulensis oil showed phytotoxic effect decreasing the length of seedlings, acetone used as a solvent had no effect on germination but showed phytotoxic effect after accelerated aging. The application of oils alone was able to reduce the incidence of fungi of the genus Penicillium and Fusarium, Aspergillus but the behavior was similar to commercial antifungal, showing no effect when compared to the control treatment.

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered a public health problem in several countries. This disease is classified as either pulmonary or extrapulmonary. Within the extrapulmonary disease, ocular involvement is uncommon but it is important to recognize it because its incidence has been reported up to 1%. Ocular TB cases can be divided in primary and secondary. These manifestations can be caused by an active infection that invades the eye or by an immunologic reaction of delayed hypersensitivity in absence of the infectious agent. The most common clinical presentations are: chronic anterior uveitis, choroiditis and sclerokeratitis. Despite the existence of highly sensitive molecular diagnostic techniques, the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis continues to be presumptive, based upon clinical presentation, systemic evaluation and response to treatment. For the treatment we use four drugs during a two month period (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) and two drugs for four additional months

La tuberculosis (TBC) es considerada un problema de salud pública en varios países del mundo. Esta enfermedad se clasifica en pulmonar y extra pulmonar. Dentro de la forma extra pulmonar, el compromiso ocular es poco común, pero es importante conocerlo ya que su incidencia puede llegar hasta 1%. Los casos de TBC ocular se dividen en primarios y secundarios. Las manifestaciones oculares pueden ser causadas por una infección activa que invade el ojo o por una reacción inmunológica de hipersensibilidad retardada, en ausencia del agente infeccioso. Las presentaciones más comunes son: uveítis anterior crónica, coroiditis y esclero-queratitis. A pesar de la existencia de herramientas moleculares altamente sensibles, el diagnóstico de TBC ocular continúa siendo presuntivo, basándose en la presentación clínica, evaluación sistémica y la respuesta terapéutica. Para el tratamiento se utilizan cuatro fármacos por dos meses (isoniacida, rifampicina, pirazinamida y etambutol) y dos fármacos por cuatro meses adicionales

A case of a patient is reported who was admitted with massive intestinal haemorrhaging after 10 days of medical discomfort, characterized by persistent fever, headache and abdominal pain. The patient did not respond to medical treatment: antibiotics, blood transfusions and fluid replacement and required emergency surgical intervention. Intestinal resection with primary anastomosis was performed, controlling the bleeding. Following the testing of blood cultures and histopathological study infection by the S.tiphy bacteria was recorded by testing. In Latin America this strain of typhoid fever was common until the beginning of the 90´s, before the cholera epidemic and has rarely been seen in the past 15 years.

Reportamos el caso de un paciente que fue admitido por presentar un cuadro de enterorragia masiva luego de 10 días de evolución, caracterizado por fiebre persistente, cefalea global y dolor abdominal, el cual no respondió al tratamiento médico con antibióticos, transfusiones y resucitación con fluidos, requiriendo intervención quirúrgica de emergencia. Se realizó una resección intestinal con anastomosis primaria, controlando así el sangrado. Se documentó la infección con S. tiphy en los hemocultivos y en la histopatología. En América Latina esta complicación de fiebre tifoidea fue común hasta inicios de la década del 90, antes de la epidemia del cólera. Este tipo de complicación ha sido raramente vista en los últimos 15 años.