Abstract Forest loss and fragmentation are the main threats to the maintenance of the Atlantic Forest, an important global biodiversity hotspot. Because of the current critical level of deforestation, ecological corridors are needed to facilitate species dispersion and gene flow among fragments. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic variability and gene pool sharing of Eschweilera ovata in five forest remnants in southern Bahia, Brazil using nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) and plastid simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) microsatellite markers. cpSSR marker analysis revealed the domains of four haplotypes, showing that 80% of the individuals had only four maternal origins, reflecting a founder effect and/or genetic bottleneck. The results of cpSSR and nSSR analyses indicated moderate genetic diversity, particularly in conservation units with full protection, which showed the best parameters of all areas evaluated. Another indication of the susceptibility of these populations to forest loss and fragmentation was the strong genetic bottleneck observed. In contrast, genetic structure analyses (FST and discriminant analysis of principal components) revealed gene pool sharing between the subpopulations, which may reflect the historical gene flow that occurred before forest fragmentation.

RESUMO Introdução: O câncer colorretal tem a segunda maior prevalência e a terceira maior incidência no mundo. A mortalidade está diretamente relacionada ao estágio da doença. Objetivo: Avaliar o estadiamento de pacientes com adenocarcinoma colorretal atendidos pelo Serviço de Coloproctologia do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC) entre os anos de 2010 e 2015. Método: Estudo de prevalência. A coleta de dados foi realizada de forma retrospectiva através de pesquisa no sistema eletrônico do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição buscando todos os pacientes com CID 10 C18, C19 e C20 atendidos pelo serviço de Coloproctologia entre os anos de 2010 e 2015. Resultados: Foram elegíveis para o estudo 420 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 65,6 anos (±12,8). Quanto ao estadiamento, observamos a seguinte distribuição: 7,9% estágio I; 23,6% estágio II; 37,6% estágio III e 30,2% estágio IV. O percentual de pacientes com adenocarcinoma colorretal avançado (estágio III + estágio IV) é de 67,8%. Em relação à origem, 51% dos pacientes foram atendidos através da emergência. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes atendidos neste hospital apresenta doença avançada (67%) e são oriundos do serviço de emergência (51%).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal cancer has the second highest prevalence and the third highest incidence in the world. Mortality is directly related to the stage of the disease. Objective: To evaluate the staging of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma treated at the Coloproctology Department of the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição between 2010 and 2015. Method: Prevalence study. Data collection was performed retrospectively through a survey in the electronic system of the Hospital Group Conceição, seeking all patients with ICD 10 C18, C19 and C20 who were attended at the Coloproctology Department between 2010 and 2015. Results: Four hundred and twenty patients were eligible for the study. The mean age was 65.6 years (±12.8). Regarding staging, we observed the following distribution: 7.9%, stage I; 23.6%, stage II; 37.6%, stage III; and 30.2%, stage IV. The percentage of patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma (stage III + stage IV) is 67.8%. Regarding the origin, 51% of the patients were attended at the emergency department. Conclusion: Most patients treated at this hospital have advanced disease (67%) and come from the emergency department (51%).

No Brasil não há estudos sistemáticos sobre a Ultrassonografia Transcraniana (USTC), modalidade de neuroimagem que visualiza estruturas ecogênicas profundas do parênquima cerebral utilizando ultrassom. OBJETIVO: Determinar a porcentagem de indivíduos com janelas ósseas adequadas e a capacidade da USTC da substância negra (SN) de discernir pacientes parkinsonianos em amostra brasileira. MÉTODO: USTC realizada com equipamento AcusonX300 (Siemens, Germany) em 37 indivíduos: 23 com doença de Parkinson (DP) e 14 controles saudáveis. RESULTADOS: 10,8% dos participantes apresentaram janelas acústicas temporais inadequadas. As áreas de ecogenicidade da SN foram maiores nos pacientes (média±desvio padrão, 0,31±0,08 cm²) do que nos controles (média±desvio padrão, 0,17±0,02 cm²). A USTC identificou 88,2% dos pacientes com DP. CONCLUSÃO: Grande proporção de brasileiros parece ser elegível para a realização de USTC. Um número expressivo dos pacientes com DP poderia ser diagnosticado com base no aumento da área ecogênica da SN. Contudo, esses dados preliminares devem ser corroborados com amostra mais numerosa.

In Brazil there is no systematic study on Transcranial Sonography (TCS), a neuroimaging method that depicts echogenic deep brain structures using ultrasound. OBJECTIVE: To establish the percentage of subjects with permissive temporal windows and to address the ability of TCS of the substantia nigra (SN) to distinguish parkinsonian patients in a Brazilian sample. METHOD: We performed TCS using the Acuson X300 (Siemens, Germany) in 37 individuals: 23 with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 14 healthy controls. RESULTS: 10.8% of subjects had insufficient temporal acoustic bone windows. SN echogenic areas were larger in patients (mean±SD, 0.31±0.08cm²) compared to controls (mean±SD, 0.17±0.02cm²). TCS accurately identified 88.2% of PD patients. CONCLUSION: A large proportion of Brazilians seem to be eligible for TCS. An expressive number of PD patients could be diagnosed by TCS based on an expanded SN echogenic area. However, the current data is preliminary and must be corroborated by larger studies.