RESUMO: Criptosporidiose é considerada uma infeção com impacto na saúde animal. Tem sido associada a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, levando a perdas econômicas significativas para a indústria avícola. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença de Cryptosporidium spp. em patos domésticos da família Anatidae (Cairina moschata) de dois aviários comerciais rústicos localizados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Um total de 315 amostras fecais foram coletadas de patos domésticos em duas áreas (Área A / n= 186; Área B / n= 129). Amostras fecais foram processadas e utilizando a técnica de centrífuga e flutuação em solução saturada de açúcar para a identificação de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. através da observação microscópica. Naquelas amostras positivas, procedeu-se com o diagnóstico molecular para determinação de espécie de Cryptosporidium. Das 315 amostras coletadas, apenas 10 (186 / 5,38%) da área A foram positivas para Cryptosporidium. A sequência de nucleotídeos e as análises filogenéticas identificaram que todas as amostras eram idênticas (100%) e pertenciam à espécie Cryptosporidium baileyi, intimamente relacionada às espécies gástricas e de importância na saúde animal.

ABSTRACT: Cryptosporidiosis is considered an infection with impact on animal health. It has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, leading to significant economic losses to the poultry industry. This study investigated the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic ducks of family Anatidae (Cairina moschata) from two rustic commercial aviaries located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 315 fecal samples were collected from domestic ducks in two different areas (N=186 in area A and N=129 in area B). The microscopic analysis was conducted using a sugar centrifugal flotation technique for the identification of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, followed by PCR/sequencing analyses of the partial sequence of the 18S rDNA gene to determine the Cryptosporidium species. Of the 315 samples collected, only 10 (186/5.38%) from area A were positive for Cryptosporidium. The nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses identified that all samples were identical (100%) and belonged to Cryptosporidium baileyi species, which is closely related to gastric species and of importance in animal health.

Abstract Background: Efficacy studies on the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) in childhood and adolescence are scarce and systematic reviews are almost non-existent. Objective: Systematic review of the literature regarding the modalities of psychological intervention based on evidence used in the treatment of AN in childhood and adolescence. Methods: The research was carried out in the databases: PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane, using the combined keywords: anorexia nervosa and evidence-based therapy. Articles published between 1990 and 2015 were assessed. Results: Of the 139 eligible articles, 14 were selected, of which 10 (71.4%) were conducted in the United States and England. The sample ranged from 9 to 167 participants. Randomized Clinical Trial represented the most frequent design (n = 9; 63.4%), with more than half of the interventions structured in 20 or more sessions (n = 9, 64.3%). Nine types of treatments were tested, with the most tested being Family-Based Treatment (FBT) (n = 7; 50%). Interventions involving the family seem to be more effective, however, the rates for complete remission are modest. Discussion: Although evidence of efficacy was verified in the treatments analyzed, the limited number of studies, the various methodological limitations and the methodological heterogeneity between studies make the findings inconclusive.

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se estimar a produção de leite por meio de ordenha manual usando diferentes doses de ocitocina via intramuscular (1; 2; 3; 4 e 5 UI). Foram utilizadas 10 ovelhas Hampshire Down adultas, distribuídas em um delineamento em quadrado latino repetido 5 x 5 (cinco ovelhas e cinco dias de estimativa de produção de leite). A ordenha foi realizada após uma separação de 4 horas dos cordeiros, sendo a produção corrigida para 24 horas. No último dia de estimação, as ovelhas foram ordenhadas em quatro horários (12h30, 18h30, 24h30 e 06h30), para determinar qual período de ordenha apresentava a maior correlação com a produção total diária. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as doses de ocitocina, de 1; 2; 3; 4 e 5 UI, na produção de leite, sendo, respectivamente, de 1020,80; 936,20; 1028,40; 1235,40 e 1159,80 g. A composição do leite também não foi afetada pelas doses de ocitocina e as médias para porcentagens de sólidos totais, proteína bruta, lactose e gordura foram, respectivamente, de 17,3; 4,3; 3,8 e 7,4%. As correlações entre as estimativas obtidas nos quatro períodos de ordenha e a produção total diária variaram de 0,71 a 0,97. Portanto, para a estimativa de produção de leite diária pode ser recomendada a menor dose de ocitocina (1 UI) e apenas uma ordenha diária, com separação do cordeiro por 4 horas.

The objective of this work was to estimate milk production through hand milking, using different doses (1; 2; 3; 4; and 5 IU) of oxytocin intramuscularly. Ten adult Hampshire Down ewes were assigned to a 5 x 5 repeated Latin square design, with five ewes and five days. Milking was performed after a 4-hour lamb separation period, and then corrected to 24 hours. On the last day of estimation, the ewes were milked at four different times, 12:30 p.m.; 06:30 p.m.; 12:30 a.m. and 06:30 a.m.. This procedure was done to estimate which milking period showed greater correlation with the total daily milk production. No significant differences were observed among oxytocin doses in the milk production. Milk production averages for 1; 2; 3; 4 e 5 IU doses were, respectively, 1020.80; 936.20; 1028.40; 1235.40 and 1159.80 g. Milk composition was not affected by oxytocin doses, either. Averages for total solids, crude protein, lactose and fat were, respectively, 17.3; 4.3; 3.8 and 7.4%. Correlation among the milk production estimates obtained in the four milking periods and the total daily milk production ranged from 0.71 to 0.97. Therefore, for daily milk production estimate, it can be recommended the smallest dose (1 IU) of oxytocin and only one daily milking, with lamb separation of 4 hours.

O trabalho foi conduzido no Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria com o objetivo de verificar as respostas de desempenho de frangos de corte, criados com sexos separados, alimentados pelo conceito tradicional (Proteína Bruta - PB) em comparação a dietas formuladas pelo critério de Proteína Ideal (PI), num período de 1 a 42 dias de idade. A análise econômica comparativa entre os dois métodos de alimentação também foi realizada. Foram utilizados 960 pintos de corte de um dia de idade (480 machos, 480 fêmeas) da linhagem ROSS. As dietas experimentais baseadas no conceito de PB foram formuladas segundo as recomendações do NRC (1994) e as dietas formuladas pelo conceito de PI foram adaptadas de HAN & BAKER (1994). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, constituindo 4 tratamentos com 12 repetições de 20 aves cada. Foram estudados os parâmetros: consumo alimentar, ganho de peso e peso corporal, ganho médio diário, conversão alimentar e índice de eficiência nutricional. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os parâmetros estudados foram mais influenciados na fase inicial. As dietas formuladas pelo conceito de PI, baseada no conteúdo de aminoácidos digestíveis (AAD), influenciaram positivamente os parâmetros estudados, proporcionando significativos melhores ganhos de peso e eficiência alimentar, tanto para os machos quanto para as fêmeas nas fases inicial e total, sendo similares nas demais fases. As aves alimentadas com AAD apresentaram uma maior lucratividade nas fases inicial e crescimento. Esses dados permitem concluir que dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, formuladas para atender às exigências de AAD, proporcionam melhores desempenhos biológico e econômico, em relação àquelas formuladas à base de PB, do primeiro até os 35 dias de idade. A fase final mostrou o contrário, sendo o conceito de PB mais econômico do que a Pl.

The study was carried out at the Poultry Section of the Departament of Animal Science at Federal University of Santa Maria, in order to evaluate the performance of broilers grown sexed and fed with diets formulated by the traditional concept (Crude Protein - CP), which is based on total amimo acids (TAA) and fed with the approach of Ideal Protein (IP), which is based on digestible amino acids (DAA), in the period from 1 to 42 days of age. A comparative economic analysis among the two feeding methods was also accomplished. There were 960 chicks (Ross) at the age of 1 day, being 480 males and 480 females. The diet based on the concept of CP was formulated according to the recommendation of NRC (1994) and the diet formulated by the concept of IP was adapted from Han and Baker (1994). The completely randomized experimental design consisted of 4 treatments with 12 replications of 20 chicks each. The feed intake, phase gain, body weight, daily gain, feed conversion and the nutritional efficieny index were evaluated. The results indicated that the parameters studied were more efficient in the initial phase. The diet formulated by the Ideal Protein concept, based on the content of DAA, influenced all parameters studied positively, providing significantly better gain weight and feed efficiency in both male and female chicks in the initial and final phases, being similar in the growing phase. The chicks fed with DAA showed greater profits in the initial phase and during the growth phase. These data allowed the conclusion that diets containing corn and soybean meal as base for the formulated feed provides better biological and economic performance of the broilers when compared to those formulated with crude Protein, from day the first up to 35 days of age. The final phase (35-42) showed the contrary, being the CP concept more economical than IP.