Resumen Los minerales son necesarios en la dieta de los animales para su mantenimiento, desarrollo y reproducción. El objetivo fue determinar el contenido de minerales en arbustos que consumen las cabras en una zona árida en tres sistemas de producción, durante las estaciones húmeda y seca. Las hojas, vainas tallos o flores y un suplemento se muestrearon y se determinó en 34 arbustos Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, N, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B y Cl. Los arbustos en los sistemas de producción mostraron suficiente K, Ca, K, Mg, Na, B, Cl y N para las necesidades de las cabras; sin embargo, el contenido de P fue bajo. El contenido de Zn, Cu, Fe y Mn fue menor en todos los arbustos. Los resultados sugieren que, en la zona de estudio es posible utilizar forrajes no leguminosos en la dieta para mejorar su valor nutricional, debido a su contenido mayor en minerales. El sistema de producción semi-intensivo mostró que, el 58% de los minerales fue mayor en este sistema, considerado como el mejor. El contenido mineral en L. brevipes, T. lobaeformis y A. barclayana en el semi-intensivo fueron adecuados para las cabras, mientras que en el extensivo el contenido mineral fue de buena calidad nutricional con S. thurberi y C. gayana para el sistema intensivo. Los arbustos mostraron diferencias entre los macrominerales y la cantidad/calidad nutricional de estos para las cabras difiere en función del sistema de producción, la estación y los tipos de arbustos.

Abstract Minerals are needed in the diet of animals for maintenance, development, and reproduction. The aim was to determine mineral content of shrubs consumed by goats in an arid area from three production systems, during wet and dry seasons. The leaves, pods, stems, or flowers of 34 shrubs and one supplement were sampled manually and analyzed Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, N, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, and Cl. The shrubs showed enough K Ca, K, Mg, Na, B, Cl and N for goat requirements for all production systems; however, P was lower. The Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents were lower in all shrubs. The results suggest that in the study area more non-legumes could be used in the goat diet to enhance nutritional value because of their higher mineral content. Considering the status of mineral content, 58% of all minerals had higher content in the semi-intensive production system, and possibly, it is the best production system. Adequate values of mineral content 58% of all minerals had higher content in the semi-intensive production system, and possibly, it is the best production system. Adequate values of mineral content were found in L. brevipes, T. lobaeformis and A. barclayana in the semi-intensive system, while in the extensive system the mineral content was of good nutritional quality with S. thurberi and C. gayana for the intensive system. The 35 shrubs showed differences among macrominerals and the nutritional quantity/quality of these minerals for goats varied depending on production system, season, and types of shrubs.

Resumen El uso Bokashi como enmienda orgánica del suelo y fuente de nutrición para las plantas ha recibido una atención considerable en los últimos años. El Bokashi es un método de compostaje de origen japonés, basado en la fermentación aeróbica de los residuos mediante la inoculación de microorganismos eficientes; que son bacterias anaeróbicas y levaduras lácticas que aceleran el proceso acortando el tiempo de obtención del abono. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar la producción científica mundial sobre el abono Bokashi indexada en la base de datos SCOPUS. El proceso se realizó el 10 de agosto de 2022 mediante el algoritmo de búsqueda: (TITLE-ABS-KEY (Bocashi) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (Bokashi)) vinculado a título del artículo, resumen y palabras claves. La investigación se realizó utilizando el instrumento de investigación de los softwares VOSviewer y Harzing´s Publish or Perish. Los resultados del análisis bibliométrico registraron un total de 161 documentos publicados entre los años 1999 a 2022. Las principales tipologías de las publicaciones fue 129 artículos (80.12 %) y 25 conferencias (15.52 %), el 87.58 % (141 publicaciones) fueron en inglés. Brasil fue el país como más publicaciones (39), seguido por Indonesia (31) y México (22). Ventura, M. U. fue el autor con mayor productividad con seis artículos. En las redes de coautorías se encontraron dos redes principales: la primera con Fregonezi, G. A. F., Hata, F. T. y Ventura, M. U. y, la segunda, con Grądzki, Z. El interés crecimiento del Bokashi como alternativa sostenible en los sistemas de producción agrícolas debe permitir establecer y construir redes de publicaciones científicas, revistas científicas, investigadores, organización de investigación, países y palabras claves.

Abstract The use of Bokashi as an organic soil amendment and a source of plant nutrition has received considerable attention in recent years. Bokashi, is a composting method of Japanese origin, based on the aerobic fermentation of waste through the inoculation of efficient microorganisms, which are anaerobic bacteria and lactic yeasts that accelerate the process, shortening the time it takes to obtain the fertilizer. The objective of the research was to characterize the world scientific production on Bokashi fertilizer indexed in the SCOPUS database. The process was carried out on August 10, 2022 using the search algorithm: (TITLE-ABS-KEY (Bocashi) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY (Bokashi)) linked to article title, abstract and keywords. The research was carried out using the research instrument of the VOSviewer and Harzing’s Publish of Perish software. The results of the bibliometric analysis recorded a total of 161 documents published between the years 1999 and 2022. The main types of publications were 129 articles (80.12 %) and 25 conferences (15.52 %), 87.58 % (141 publications) of which, were in English. Brazil was the country with the most publications (39), followed by Indonesia (31) and Mexico (22). Ventura, M. U. was the highest producing author with six articles. In the co-authorship networks, two main networks were found: the first with Fregonezi, G. A. F., Hata, F. T. and Ventura, M. U. and the second with Grądzki, Z. The growing interest in Bokashi as a sustainable alternative in agricultural production systems should allow to establish and build networks of scientific publications, scientific journals, researchers, research organization, countries and keywords.

Abstract This work describes the circulation over the continental slope and the São Paulo Plateau in the Santos Basin during the SANSED winter 2019 survey. The cruise consisted of four legs in the period between June, 11 and August, 03 2019. The observed circulation is dominated by the Atlantic southwestern boundary current regime and remotely-generated anticyclones and cyclones. The former is composed by the Brazil Current, the Intermediate Western Boundary Current and their mesoscale meanders; the latter are 300km vortical rings with origin in the eastern side of the South Atlantic Basin. A Lagrangian scheme applied over satellite altimeter maps indicate that the origin of these rings is primarily the Cape Basin of South Africa. The interaction between the boundary currents, their cyclonic meanders, and the anticyclonic rings is complex, and varies widely. During the SANSED winter 2019 survey period, three anticyclones interacted with the Brazil Current, instabilizing it, forming dipoles with the current cyclonic meanders, leading to their downstream propagation. Ancienter cyclonic eddies within Santos Basin may interfere with the propagation of the large anticyclones further south. In addition, the continuous arrival of remotely-originated anticyclones, the larger portion over the São Paulo Plateau presented a tendency of counter-clockwise circulation during the whole cruise period.

Abstract Biliary drainage for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma (PCCA) can be performed either by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD). To date there is no consensus about which method is preferred. Taking that into account, the aim of this study is to compare Endoscopic Biliary Drainage (EBD) versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma through a systematic review and metanalysis. A comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases was performed. Evaluated outcomes included technical success, clinical success, post drainage complications (cholangitis, pancreatitis, bleeding, and major complications), crossover, hospital length stay, and seeding metastases. Data extracted from the studies were used to calculate Mean Differences (MD). Seventeen studies were included, with a total of 2284 patients (EBD = 1239, PTBD = 1045). Considering resectable PCCA, the PTBD group demonstrated lower rates of crossover (RD = 0.29; 95% CI 0.07–0.51; p = 0.009 I2 = 90%), post-drainage complications (RD = 0.20; 95% CI 0.06–0.33; p < 0.0001; I2 = 78%), and post-drainage pancreatitis (RD = 0.10; 95% CI 0.05–0.16; p < 0.0001; I2 = 64%). The EBD group presented reduced length of hospital stay (RD = -2.89; 95% CI -3.35 - -2,43; p < 0.00001; I2 = 42%). Considering palliative PCCA, the PTBD group demonstrated a higher clinical success (RD = -0.19; 95% CI -0.27 - -0.11; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) and less post-drainage cholangitis (RD = 0.08; 95% CI 0.01-0.15; p = 0.02; I2 = 48%) when compared to the EBD group. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding: technical success, post-drainage bleeding, major post-drainage complications, and seeding metastases.

Abstract Two new species of Asphondylia inducing galls on Asteraceae are described, A. gaucha from the state of Rio Grande do Sul and A. mineira from the state of Minas Gerais. Their host plants are Vernonanthura discolor (Sprengel) H. Rob., and V. polyanthes (Sprengel) Vega & Dematteis, respectively, both native to Brazil. Illustrations of relevant morphological characters are provided. The new species are compared with congeneric Neotropical species. The types are deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between chronic Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp. infection and hematological parameters of pregnant and non-pregnant taurine heifers. Blood samples from 94 females were collected on the first day (D-10) of timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol and on pregnancy diagnosis (D+34). Hematological parameters were determined and compared between pregnant (PG) and non-pregnant (NPG) heifers, and within group at different sampling days. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to determine A. marginale and Babesia bovis infection, and for absolute quantification of Babesia spp. between PG and NPG groups. Correlation analysis was performed between the number of gDNA copies (CN) of Babesia spp. and hematological parameters. On D-10, mean hemoglobin concentration was higher for NPG, and hematocrit and total plasma protein were higher on D+34 for both groups. There was no difference in Babesia spp. CN between groups. In the first qPCR, all heifers were positive for A. marginale and B. bovis. Significant correlations were found between hemoglobin and erythrocyte and between hemoglobin and hematocrit (r = 0.8082 and r = 0.3009, respectively). Low levels of A. marginale and Babesia spp. did not affect hematological parameters of chronically infected pregnant and non-pregnant taurine heifers.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre infecção crônica por Anaplasma marginale e Babesia spp. e parâmetros hematológicos de novilhas taurinas prenhes e não prenhes. Sangue de 94 fêmeas foi coletado no primeiro dia (D-10) do protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) e no diagnóstico de gestação (D+34). Parâmetros hematológicos foram comparados entre novilhas prenhes (PG) e não prenhes (NPG) e dentro dos grupos entre dias de coleta. Usando-se PCR em tempo real (qPCR), determinou-se a infecção por A. marginale e Babesia bovis e quantificação absoluta de Babesia spp. Entre os grupos PG e NPG. A análise de correlação foi realizada entre o número de cópias (CN) de Babesia spp. e parâmetros hematológicos. No D-10, a concentração de hemoglobina foi maior para NPG e hematócrito, e proteína plasmática total foram maiores em D+34 para ambos os grupos. Não houve diferença para CN de Babesia spp. entre os grupos. Na primeira qPCR, todas as novilhas foram positivas para A. marginale e B. bovis. Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre hemoglobina/eritrócito e hemoglobina/hematócrito (r=0,8082 e r=0,3009, respectivamente). Baixos níveis de A. marginale e Babesia spp. não afetaram os parâmetros hematológicos de novilhas taurinas prenhes e não prenhes cronicamente infectadas.

Abstract Enteroparasites are an important public health problem and the treatment seeks to cure and reduce transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of anthelmintic treatment in individuals living in a rural community area in Camamu, Bahia, Brazil. The parasitological diagnosis was performed by spontaneous sedimentation, Baermann-Moraes and Agar Plate Culture methods. A total of 212 individuals were evaluated. The most frequent helminth was Trichuris trichiura, 24.5% (52/212), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides, 21.2% (45/212), hookworms, 16.5% (35/212), and S. stercoralis, 4.7% (10/212). In the anthelmintic treatment follow up, T. trichiura infection presented the lowest parasitological cure rate, only 60.6% (20/33). Hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis infections demonstrated cure rates of 70.5 (12/17), 78.1 (25/32) and 100% (5/5), respectively. Individuals who remained infected underwent a new drug therapy. The second parasitological cure rate for T. trichiura was 38.5% (5/13), and 66.7% (2/3) and 75% (3/4) for hookworms and Ascaris lumbricoides, respectively. Trichuris trichiura infection presented the lowest parasitological cure rate at this second evaluation. This reinforces the need to perform a follow-up of all treated individuals. The possibility of drug resistance denotes the necessity for studies to clarify the mechanisms and to evaluate new therapeutic approaches.

ABSTRACT Background: Prognostic factors in previously healthy young patients with COVID-19 remained understudied. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify factors associated with in-hospital death or need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in young (aged ≤ 65 years) and previously healthy patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study that included patients admitted with COVID-19. The primary outcome was in-hospital death/need for IMV. Secondary outcomes included need for IMV during follow-up, days on IMV, length of stay (LOS), hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 92 patients, primary outcome occurred in 16 (17%), death in 12 (13%), need for IMV in 16 (17%), HAP/VAP in 7 (8%), and PE in 2 (2%). Median LOS and IMV duration were 7 and 12 days, respectively. Independent associations were found between the primary outcome and male sex (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.1, 95%CI 1.1-46.0, p < 0.05), D-dimer levels > 1000ng/mL (aOR 9.0, 95%CI 1.6-49.1, p < 0.05), and RT-PCR Ct-value ≤ 24 on initial swab samples (aOR 14.3, 95%CI 2.0-101.5, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In young and non-comorbid COVID-19 patients, male sex, higher levels of D-dimer, and low SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Ct-value on an initial nasopharyngeal swab were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality or need for IMV.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: El estudio del estrés laboral centrado en la ocupación médica es un tema explorado desde los años 1950-1960 hasta la actualidad. Aunque actualmente se ha descrito la resiliencia como un territorio para la práctica de enseñanza médica de posgrado, existen pocos estudios en esta población. Objetivo: Determinar la correlación existente entre estrés laboral y resiliencia en los médicos residentes de medicina familiar. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con muestra no probabilística del total de la población de médicos residentes de medicina familiar adscritos a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar N.º 57 IMSS Puebla. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y se aplicaron el inventario de estrés para profesionales de la salud de Wolfgang y el cuestionario de resiliencia (Fuerza y Seguridad Personal). Resultados: Se encuestaron 60 médicos: 58.3% (35) mujeres y 41.7% (25) hombres. Predominó el estrés laboral moderado en el 60% (36) y la resiliencia alta en el 81.7% (49). La x2 de independencia mostró una p = 0.003, y la rho de Spearman expuso una correlación de –0.362, con una p = 0.004. Conclusiones: Existe dependencia y una correlación negativa débil entre el estrés laboral y la resiliencia en los médicos residentes de medicina familiar.

ABSTRACT Background: The study of work stress focused on the medical occupation is a topic explored from the 1950s-1960s to the present. Although resilience has now been described as a territory for graduate medical teaching practice, few studies exist on this population. Objective: To determine the correlation between work stress and resilience in family medicine residents. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic sample of the total population of family medicine resident physicians assigned to Family Medicine Unit 57 IMSS Puebla. We collected and the Wolfgang stress inventory for health professionals and the resilience questionnaire (Personal Strength and Security) were applied. Results: Sixty physicians were surveyed, 58.3% (35) women and 41.7% (25) men. Moderate job stress predominated in 60% (36) and high resilience in 81.7% (49). The x2 for independence showed a p = 0.003, and Spearman’s Rho exposed a correlation of -.362, with a p = 0.004. Conclusions: There is dependence and a weak negative correlation between job stress and resilience in family medicine resident physicians.

Abstract Healthcare-associated infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Hand hygiene is considered an effective method of prevention. This article summarizes the results of a Cochrane systematic review evaluating methods for improving hand hygiene compliance in patient care.

Resumen Las infecciones asociadas con la atención médica son una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. La higiene de las manos se considera un método eficaz de prevención. Este documento resume los resultados de una revisión sistemática Cochrane que evalúa los métodos para mejorar el cumplimiento de la higiene de manos en la atención al paciente.

Resumen Introducción. El diagnóstico de cáncer de vesícula biliar se realiza generalmente de forma incidental durante el estudio de las piezas quirúrgicas o cuando la enfermedad está avanzada y se expresa por su diseminación. Muy pocas veces se diagnostica de forma preoperatoria. Corresponde a la neoplasia más común de las vías biliares y su incidencia varía de acuerdo a la región geográfica. La región andina en Latinoamérica presenta una de las mayores incidencias a nivel mundial. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura, para presentar una información actualizada en lo referente a los factores de riesgo (incluyendo las alteraciones genéticas y moleculares), al diagnóstico y al tratamiento de esta patología. Basados en los datos actuales, presentamos algunas recomendaciones dirigidas al diagnóstico temprano, que permita un manejo más adecuado de nuestros pacientes. Resultados. Se han implicado nuevos factores de riesgo relacionados con la etiología del cáncer de vesícula biliar, como la obesidad, factores genéticos y moleculares. A pesar de la disponibilidad de los métodos diagnósticos imagenológicos, no ha ocurrido una importante variación porcentual en cuanto al estadio al momento del diagnóstico. Conclusiones. El manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de vesícula biliar está indicado en los estadios más tempranos de la enfermedad y es importante evaluar las opciones terapéuticas en pacientes con enfermedad avanzada. Se considera de suma importancia el estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica y la revisión del informe por parte del cirujano.

Abstract Introduction. The diagnosis of gallbladder cancer is generally made incidentally during the study of the surgical pieces or when the disease is advanced and is expressed by its dissemination. It is rarely diagnosed preoperatively. It corresponds to the most common neoplasm of the bile ducts and its incidence varies according to the geographical region. The Andean region in Latin America presents one of the highest incidents worldwide. Methods. A narrative review of the literature was carried out to present updated information regarding risk factors (including genetic and molecular alterations), diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Based on current data, we present some recommendations aimed at early diagnosis, which allows a more adequate management of our patients. Results. New risk factors related to the etiology of gallbladder cancer have been implicated, such as obesity, genetic and molecular factors. Despite the availability of diagnostic imaging methods, there has not been a significant percentage variation in terms of stage at diagnosis. Conclusions. Surgical management of gallbladder cancer is indicated in the earliest stages of the disease and it is important to evaluate therapeutic options in patients with advanced disease. The pathological study of the surgical piece and the review of the report by the surgeon are considered of utmost importance.

ABSTRACT Background: Trials evaluating safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) show contradictory results. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of tocilizumab in hospital mortality among patients with severe COVID-19 in a third-level medical center. Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Primary outcome was death during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), days on IMV, ventilator-free days (VFDs), length of hospital stay (LOS), and development of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Bivariate, multivariate, and propensity score matching analysis were performed. Results: During the study period, 99/794 (12%) patients received tocilizumab. Male patients, health care workers, and patients with increased inflammatory markers received tocilizumab more frequently. No difference in hospital mortality was observed between groups (34% vs. 34%, p = 0.98). Tocilizumab was not independently associated with mortality. No significant treatment effects were observed in propensity score analysis. IMV was more frequent (46% vs. 11%, p < 0.01) and LOS was longer (12 vs. 7 days, p < 0.01) in the tocilizumab group, reflecting increased severity. Although HAIs were more frequent in the tocilizumab group (22% vs. 10%, p < 0.01), no difference was seen after adjusting for IMV (38% vs. 40%, p = 0.86). Conclusions: In our study, tocilizumab was not associated with decreased hospital mortality among patients with severe COVID-19.

RESUMO A doença de moyamoya, ou doença cerebrovascular oclusiva crônica, é uma afecção não inflamatória e não aterosclerótica, caracterizada por hiperplasia endotelial e fibrose dos segmentos intracranianos das artérias carótidas internas e da porção proximal de seus ramos. Isso provoca estenose progressiva e oclusão, frequentemente manifestada clinicamente como isquemia cerebral ou hemorragia intracraniana, com alta morbimortalidade. A formação compensatória de vasos colaterais produz, na angiografia encefálica, um aspecto de nuvem de fumaça (moyamoya, em japonês). Quando existe doença subjacente que possa estar relacionada, a doença recebe o nome de síndrome de moyamoya. Embora a incidência esteja aumentando graças aos novos métodos diagnósticos, as estratégias terapêuticas ainda são limitadas. O diagnóstico precoce permite cirurgias de revascularização cerebral que podem evitar novos acidentes vasculares e melhorar a qualidade de vida. Nesta revisão são apresentados os avanços recentes sobre a doença de moyamoya, citando aspectos de epidemiologia, etiologia, apresentação, exames diagnósticos e tratamento.

Abstract Moyamoya disease is a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease that is non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic. It is characterized by endothelial hyperplasia and fibrosis of the intracranial portion of the carotid artery and its proximal branches, leading to progressive stenosis and occlusion, often clinically manifesting as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke with high rates of morbidity and mortality. On cerebral angiography, the formation of collateral vessels has the appearance of a puff of smoke (moyamoya in Japanese), which became more conspicuous with the refinement of modern imaging techniques. When there is associated disease, it is known as moyamoya syndrome. Treatments are currently limited, although surgical revascularization may prevent ischemic events and preserve quality of life. In this review, we summarize recent advances in moyamoya disease, covering aspects of epidemiology, etiology, presentation, imaging, and treatment strategies.

Abstract Trace elements are emitted to the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources. The increase in industrialization and mining occurring from the late 19th century released large quantities of toxic trace elements into the Earth’s atmosphere. Here we investigate the variability of concentrations of bismuth, cadmium, chromium, and lead in two Mount Johns – MJ (79°55’28”S, 94°23’18”W, 2100 m a.s.l) ice cores over 132 years (1883-2015). Trace element concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CCI/UMaine). The data show evidence of pollution for these elements in Antarctica as early as the 1883. Several maxima concentrations were observed: first at the beginning of the 20th century and the last from 1970s to 1990s, with a clear decrease during recent years. Emissions occur from different anthropogenic sources and appear to be variable throughout the record. The main source of these elements is attributed to mining and smelting of non-ferrous metals in South America, Africa, and Australia. As well as a probable lead enrichment due to the use of fossil fuels. The MJ ice core record also reflects changes in atmospheric circulation and transport processes, probably associated with a strengthening of the westerlies.