ABSTRACT Introduction: This paper focuses on the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, bioactivity evaluation, and innovative applications of new biohybrid nanomaterials. Sepiolite is a nanofibrous natural silicate that represents a very attractive nanocarrier for nucleic acids delivery into cells, among other innovative applications in life sciences and biotechnology. Methods: The physicochemical characterization and the bioactivity evaluation of biohybrids were performed using advanced techniques and procedures, including AFM, TEM, Confocal Microscopy, TLVM, FTIR, Z-potential measurements, UV-vis, FACS, Western blot, RT-qPCR, among others. Results: New biohybrids were obtained, based on the assembly of nucleic acids with sepiolite nanofibers. The mechanisms of cell internalization and response to sepiolite exposure were proposed. We demonstrated that sepiolite is a promising nanocarrier for the non-viral and stable transfer of plasmid DNA into bacteria, mammalian and human cells, with an optimized efficiency. Due to its ability to bind various biomolecules, sepiolite could be used as a nanocarrier for the simultaneous vectorization of diverse biological molecules, including proteins, nucleases and antibodies. In addition, we obtain new protocols for both, strongly improving bacterial transformation efficiency, and to extract plasmids from bacteria, in a rapid, convenient and inexpensive method that doesn't require competent cell preparation, representing an advantageous alternative to onerous commercial kits. As a conclusion, Because of the low cost of sepiolite, its low toxicity, its natural fluorescence, the ease and convenience of sepiolite/DNA synthesis methods, the possibilities of improving the transfection efficiency and additional enticing future developments, sepiolite represents a very attractive nanoplatform for potential applications in nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology.

RESUMEN Introducción: Este trabajo se centró en la síntesis, caracterización físicoquímica, evaluación de su bioactividad y aplicaciones biomédicas de nuevos nanomateriales biohíbridos. La sepiolita es un silicato natural nanofibroso que presenta atractivas características como nanoportador para la liberación de ácidos nucleicos en células, entre otras aplicaciones innovadoras en el área de las ciencias de la vida y de la biotecnología. Métodos: La caracterización físico-química y evaluación biológica de los biohíbridos fue realizada usando procedimientos y técnicas novedosas, incluyendo entre otras AFM, TEM, microscopía confocal, TLVM, FTIR, Potencial Zeta, UV-vis, FACS, Western-blot, RT- qPCR. Resultados: Se obtuvieron nuevos biohíbridos mediante ensamblado de ácidos nucleicos con nanofibras de sepiolita. Se propusieron sus mecanismos de internalización y respuesta celular. Demostramos que la sepiolita es un nanoportador prometedor para la transferencia estable no-viral de ADN plasmídico en bacterias, células de mamíferos y humanas, con eficiencia optimizada. Debido a su capacidad de anclar varias biomoléculas, la sepiolita constituye también un nanoportador para la vectorización simultánea de diferentes moléculas biológicas, incluyendo proteínas, nucleasas y anticuerpos. Adicionalmente, obtuvimos nuevos protocolos para aumentar significativamente la eficiencia de transformación bacterial, y para la extracción de ADN de bacterias, mediante métodos rápidos, seguros y económicos que no requieren la preparación de células competentes, representando una ventajosa alternativa a los costosos kits comerciales. En conclusión, la sepiolita es un producto de bajo costo, baja toxicidad y fluorescencia natural, con facilidad y conveniencia en métodos de síntesis de biohíbridos sepiolita/ADN, con posibilidad de aumentar su eficiencia de transfección, que junto a potenciales desarrollos futuros, representa una atractiva nanoplataforma para aplicaciones en nanomedicina y nanobiotecnología.

RESUMO Objetivo: Adaptamos o MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T) para o português brasileiro, realizando estudo piloto em amostra de pessoas com doença de Alzheimer (DA) leve e moderada. Métodos: O processo transcultural apresentou seis passos. Posteriormente, avaliamos competência para consentimento do tratamento, cognição global, memória de trabalho, consciência da doença, funcionalidade, sintomas depressivos e gravidade da doença de 66 pessoas com DA. Resultados: Os itens apresentaram equivalência semântica, idiomática, conceitual e experiencial. Não encontramos diferenças entre pessoas com DA leve e moderada nos domínios do MacCAT-T. Regressões lineares demonstraram que raciocínio (p = 0.000) e funcionalidade (p = 0.003) estavam relacionados à compreensão. Compreensão (p = 0.000) estava relacionada ao julgamento e raciocínio. Consciência da doença (p = 0.001) estava relacionada à expressão da escolha. Conclusões: A adaptação da MacCAT-T foi bem compreendida e os constructos da versão original mantidos. Resultados do estudo piloto apontaram disponibilidade de ferramenta brasileira sobre tomada de decisões na DA.

ABSTRACT Objective: We adapted the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T) to Brazilian Portuguese, pilot testing it on mild and moderate patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: The cross-cultural process required six steps. Sixty-six patients with AD were assessed for competence to consent to treatment, global cognition, working memory, awareness of disease, functionality, depressive symptoms and dementia severity. Results: The items had semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and experiential equivalence. We found no difference between mild and moderate patients with AD on the MacCAT-T domains. The linear regressions showed that reasoning (p = 0.000) and functional status (p = 0.003) were related to understanding. Understanding (p = 0.000) was related to appreciation and reasoning. Awareness of disease (p = 0.001) was related to expressing a choice. Conclusions: The MacCAT-T adaptation was well-understood and the constructs of the original version were maintained. The results of the pilot study demonstrated an available Brazilian tool focused on decision-making capacity in AD.

Abstract Our intention, in this article, is to shed some light on the paradoxical fact that Ronald Coase is quoted as a reference both by neoclassical economists as by critics of this school. By appealing to "realism", and introducing institutions into the framework of his analysis, Coase appears as a critic of neoclassical theory. But. in the result he is most famous for -the so called "Coase Theorem" -he relies heavily on certain elements of the very theory that he is supposed to be critical of, namely the assumption of "efficiency of the price system". And he does not seem aware of the dependency of his result upon this assumption.

Resumen Este artículo se propone situar el origen de la "paradoja" que constituye Coase, cuya obra sirve de referencia tanto a los neoclásicos como a los que los critican. Coase dice criticar los primeros, en nombre del "realismo", al darle importancia a las instituciones. Pero en el resultado que lo hizo famoso, llamado corrientemente 'Teorema de Coase", se apoya de manera decisiva sobre la teoría que critica -especialmente la idea de la eficiencia del sistema de precios- sin darse cuenta de ello, por lo menos aparentemente.