RESUMEN Se informa de un lipoblastoma perineal en una niña de 5 años localizado en el labio mayor derecho. La lesión aumentó gradualmente en 6 meses. En la ecografía y la resonancia magnética (RM), se observó un tumor heterogéneo sólido limitado con componente graso. Tras su extirpación quirúrgica, el estudio anatomopatológico confirmó un lipoblastoma. El lipoblastoma es un tumor mesenquimatoso benigno poco frecuente de la lactancia y la primera infancia. Los síntomas varían en función de la localización; pueden observarse signos de compresión de los órganos adyacentes. Este tipo de tumores inusuales de los tejidos blandos son más frecuentes en menores de 3 años. Los lipoblastomas se localizan predominantemente en las extremidades, pero también pueden encontrarse en la cabeza y el cuello, el tronco, el mediastino, el riñón, el mesenterio, el retroperitoneo y el perineo. Se debe sospechar su presencia en función de los hallazgos de la ecografía y la RM.

Resumen: Este artículo sostiene que algunas Meta-Picto-Poesías del Paisaje compuestas por el poeta estadounidense Gary Snyder toman como tema la pintura china del paisaje con las características de la antigua poesía china, resplandeciente de incomparable encanto artístico y sustancia cultural. La poesía de este tipo es una combinación perfecta de elementos orientales y occidentales, que integra las culturas, los pensamientos y las artes de ambas partes, cuya apreciación crea una experiencia compleja con un híbrido de formas artísticas y espacios estéticos. Gary Snyder no es sólo un eco-poeta, sino también un estilista y un hombre de práctica. Sus obras poéticas revelan la relación de fomento entre literatura, cultura y naturaleza. El artículo pretende hacer un intento transcultural, interdisciplinar y multidisciplinar en la crítica de Snyder, con métodos analíticos que incluyen culturas orientales y occidentales, visiones antiguas y actuales, así como experiencias dinámicas y estáticas. Resumen MetaPictoPoesías Meta Picto Poesías cultural occidentales partes estéticos ecopoeta, ecopoeta eco poeta, eco-poeta práctica literatura naturaleza transcultural actuales estáticas

Abstract: This article holds the opinion that some meta-picto-poetry of landscape, composed by American poet Gary Snyder, takes Chinese landscape painting as its subject matter with the characteristics of ancient Chinese poetry, shimmering with incomparable artistic charm and cultural substance. Poetry of this kind is a perfect combination of eastern and western elements, integrating the cultures, thoughts and arts of both sides. The appreciation of this poetry creates a complex experience with a hybrid of artistic forms and aesthetic spaces. Gary Snyder is not only an eco-poet, but also a stylist and a man of practice. His poetic works reveal the fostering relationship between literature, culture and nature. The article intends to make a cross-cultural, interdisciplinary and multi-field attempt in Snyder’s criticism, with analytical methods inclusive of eastern and western cultures, ancient and present visions as well as dynamic and static experiences. Abstract metapictopoetry meta picto substance elements cultures sides spaces ecopoet, ecopoet eco poet, eco-poet practice literature nature crosscultural, crosscultural cross cultural, cross-cultural multifield multi field Snyders s criticism experiences

Resumen Durante muchos años, la situación del asociacionismo de ELE en Costa de Marfil no ha estado a la altura del dinamismo de su enseñanza no solo en términos demolingüísticos sino también en la producción de materiales didácticos adaptados al alumnado africano. El despertar actual en este ámbito tiene que ver con el poder vinculador de Internet y de las redes sociales por una parte y, por la otra, con la pasión, la imaginación y la visión de las nuevas generaciones de profesorado. Pero este despertar no debe ocultar ni llevar a menospreciar las iniciativas asociativas anteriores, pues aprendiendo de los errores y aciertos del pasado es como las nuevas asociaciones marfileñas de ELE se enfrentarán con éxito a los retos del presente y del futuro.

Abstract For many years, the situation of SFL associations in Côte d'Ivoire has not kept pace with the dynamism of its teaching not only in demolinguistic terms but also in the production of teaching materials adapted to African learners. The current awakening in this field has something to do with, on the one hand, the linking power of the Internet and social networks, and, on the other hand, the passion, imagination and vision of the new generations of teachers. But this awakening should not obscure or lead to undervaluing previous associative initiatives, because it is by learning from the mistakes and successes of the past that the new Ivorian SFL associations will successfully face the challenges of the present and the future.

The reaction of metal hexafluoroacetylacetonato [MII(hfac)2, M = Cu, Mn] with the stable nitronyl nitroxide 2-(3-isobutyl-pyrazole)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (L), resulted in one dimensional zig-zag chain systems [{Cu(hfac)2}2L2]n and [CuMn(hfac)4L2]n. The main feature inherent in the nature of [{Cu(hfac)2}2L2]n single crystals is their ability to undergo reversible structural rearrangements with temperature variation, accompanied by anomalies of magnetism. The value of χmT shown strongly antiferromagnetic at low temperature and becomes ferromagnetic when the temperature increases. And the heteronuclear complex [CuMn(hfac)4L2]n shows antiferromagnetic interactions between manganese and nitronyl nitroxide.

Acute limb compartment syndrome can occur with cytotoxic snake envenomation. Ultrasound (US) assessment of the affected limb has been suggested as an adjunct to the administration of snakebite polyvalent antivenom to ameliorate the systemic and local effects. US may also aid in the diagnosis of compartment syndrome and the need for fasciotomy to prevent limb loss. This report presents an adult male who had severe soft tissue swelling from a puff adder bite to the wrist and highlights the use of US in assessing and monitoring the degree of swelling in subcutaneous and fascial compartments of the arm. This US monitoring in conjunction with frequent physical examination avoided the need for a fasciotomy and its attendant morbidity, resulting in complete resolution of the swelling and full recovery of limb function.

Abstract Three new polysaccharides (SLP-50, SLP-70, and SLP-90) were fractionated successively by gradient concentrations of ethanol. This study aimed to investigate the initial structural characterization and bioactivities of these sugarcane leaves polysaccharides (SLPs) obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. The results, which were further validated by IR spectrometry, revealed that the three SLPs contained uronic acids, proteins, and sulfate groups in addition to carbohydrate. SLP-50 (36.40 kDa), SLP-70 (12.97 kDa), and SLP-90 (3.52 kDa) were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly comprised of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (Glc A), galacturonic acid (Gal A), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), xylose (Xyl), and arabinose (Ara), in different molar ratios. SLP-90 exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than SLP-50 and SLP-70. In vitro, all fractions showed significant hypoglycemic potential and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The IC50 values of SLP-50, SLP-70, and SLP-90 were 0.11, 0.05, and 0.67 mg/mL on α-glucosidase, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of acarbose (0.80 mg/mL). These findings could provide a reference for developing and applying SLP-based functional foods.

Abstract Pressure-assisted thermal sterilization (PATS) is a new technology to inactivate bacterial spores and ensure food safety. Little has been known about the effects of PATS combining with ε-PL on the spore’s nucleic acid, enzymes and other key substances. This study aimed to investigate the inactivation effect of PATS combining with ε-PL on the spores of B. subtilis. The spores were treated with pressure 600 MPa at 25 °C, 65 °C and 75 °C, and ε-PL at 0.1% and 0.3%. After treatment, the survival rate of B. subtilis spores, leakage of nucleic acid and protein, the change in the cell membrane ATPase activity, the leakage of dipicolinic acid, and the damage on protein and nucleic acid of the spores were determined. The results showed that PATS combining with ε-PL inactivated more spores, and significantly increased the release of protein and nucleic acid compared to the control. ATPase activity reached the lowest value after the treatment of 600 MPa/75 °C combining with 0.3% ε-PL. The release of dipicolinic acid from the spores was increased by 600 MPa/75 °C combining with 0.3% ε-PL as compared with 600 MPa/75 °C treatment alone. FTIR analysis showed that a combination of PATS with ε-PL changed the spectral features of B. subtilis functional groups of proteins and nucleic acids. The PATS treatments when combined with ε-PL were found to shift the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrational absorption peaks of phosphodiester group in nucleic acid molecules (P=O). This change suggested that the combined treatment denatured nucleic acid. The combined treatment also changed the protein from an ordered state to a disordered state, and decreased protein stability. The results improved our understanding on the principle of spore inactivation by PATS combining with ε-PL.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lifting weights requires muscular capacity, strength, and determination. Strength training for weightlifters stimulates the nervous system and promotes muscle hypertrophy. Strength training is the most important point in weightlifters' training. Objective: Explore the effects of abdominal core strength training on the physical fitness of weightlifters. Methods: 26 weightlifters were selected by random sampling. The athletes participated in physical training for 26 weeks. Athletes' physical fitness was measured before and after training. Tests included the y-Balance test, stability exercises, and abdominal center strength. After each training session, the players used foam rollers and baseballs for recovery training. After the experiment was completed, the data was analyzed by mathematical statistics. Results: The left lower limb stability of the weightlifters was better than the right in the Ans direction; in all three directions, there were extremely significant ipsilateral differences before and after the experiment(P<0.05). There was a highly significant difference between the level and super level of the ipsilateral upper limbs of the athletes (P<0.05). Conclusion: Weightlifters who practiced abdominal core strength exercises significantly improved the dynamic stability of the lower limbs. Young male weightlifters' upper limb motion stability is more symmetrical during abdominal core strength exercises. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La halterofilia requiere capacidad muscular, fuerza y determinación. El entrenamiento de fuerza para levantadores de pesas estimula el sistema nervioso y promueve la hipertrofia muscular. El entrenamiento de fuerza es el punto más importante en el entrenamiento de los levantadores de pesas. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en el núcleo abdominal sobre la aptitud física de los levantadores de pesas. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 26 levantadores de pesas por muestreo aleatorio. Los atletas participaron en el entrenamiento físico durante 26 semanas. Se midió la aptitud física de los atletas antes y después del entrenamiento. Las pruebas incluían el test y-Balance y, ejercicios de estabilidad y fuerza del núcleo abdominal. Después de cada sesión de entrenamiento, los jugadores utilizaron rodillos de espuma y pelotas de béisbol para el entrenamiento de recuperación. Una vez finalizado el experimento, los datos se analizaron mediante estadística matemática. Resultados: La estabilidad de la extremidad inferior izquierda de los levantadores de pesas fue mejor que la derecha en la dirección Ans; en las tres direcciones, hubo diferencias ipsilaterales extremadamente significativas antes y después del experimento (P<0,05). Hubo una diferencia altamente significativa entre el nivel y el supernivel de los miembros superiores ipsilaterales de los atletas (P<0,05). Conclusión: Los levantadores de pesas que practicaron ejercicios de fuerza del núcleo abdominal mejoraron significativamente la estabilidad dinámica de los miembros inferiores. La estabilidad del movimiento de las extremidades superiores de los jóvenes levantadores de pesas es más simétrica durante el ejercicio de fuerza del núcleo abdominal. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A elevação de pesos exige capacidade muscular, força e determinação. O treinamento de força para halterofilistas estimula o sistema nervoso e promove a hipertrofia muscular. Sendo o treinamento de força é o ponto mais importante no treino dos halterofilistas. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do treinamento de força do centro abdominal sobre a aptidão física dos halterofilistas. Métodos: 26 halterofilistas foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória. Os atletas participaram do treinamento físico durante 26 semanas. A aptidão física dos atletas foi medida antes e depois do treinamento. Entre os testes estão o teste y-Balance, exercícios de estabilidade e força do centro abdominal. Após cada treinamento, os jogadores utilizaram rolos de espuma e bolas de beisebol para o treinamento de recuperação. Após a conclusão do experimento, os dados foram analisados por estatísticas matemáticas. Resultados: A estabilidade do membro inferior esquerdo dos halterofilistas foi melhor do que o direito na direção Ans; nas três direções, houveram diferenças ipsilaterais extremamente significativas antes e depois do experimento(P<0,05). Houve uma diferença muito significativa entre o nível e o super nível dos membros superiores do ipsilateral dos atletas (P<0,05). Conclusão: Halterofilistas que praticaram exercícios de força do centro abdominal melhoraram significativamente a estabilidade dinâmica dos membros inferiores. A estabilidade do movimento dos membros superiores dos jovens halterofilistas masculinos é mais simétrica durante o exercício de força do centro abdominal. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract Background Diagnostic bioassays are used to screen the suspected R population. They are conducted at a single herbicide dose and evaluated at a specific time after treatment that can differentiate resistant from susceptible population. Objective Three different bioassays were evaluated to assess the detection of acetyl CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides resistance in D. ciliaris. Method Increasing herbicide rates were used to evaluate the three bioassays for differentiating R from S populations. Results R1 and R2 differed from S in all employed bioassays. In the Agar-based gel box box assay, the S biotype had greater plant damage at the lower herbicide concentration relative to the R biotypes 3 DAT but differences between R and S decreased over time. In the leaf flotation assay, R biotypes floated at the lower concentration on the surface, whereas the leaves of S biotypes failed to float. For the electrical conductivity assay, the S biotype contained high electrical conductivity due to the high leaching of electrolyte into the water across all four herbicides tested than the R biotypes. Conclusion While these assays were able to separate R and S biotypes, the level of resistance difference for any assay was no greater than 40% depending on rating data and exposure dose. While a statistical separation could be achieved using a rate response regression analysis for these bioassays, our data highlights the challenges associated whether these methods could provide an obvious difference at any single rate or rating data to be used as a consistent, effective first-phase resistance screen.

Abstract The TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared by anodization, and the crystal structure was changed by calcination at different temperatures. The photocatalytic performance of the samples was measured by the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light. The TiO2 nanotubes calcined at 600 °C showed higher photocatalytic activity than other samples. The prepared catalyst is characterized by a variety of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman, photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrochemical testing. The reasons for improving the catalytic activity were studied from the aspects of crystal structure, surface morphology, and photoelectric properties, and the catalytic mechanism was studied. The results show that the TiO2 nanotubes calcined at 600°C contain two phases of anatase and rutile. Compared with pure phase TiO2, the charge transfer resistance is reduced and the electron-hole reorganization is well suppressed. In addition, it affects the band structure and improves the absorption of visible light. At the same time, studies have found that the main active substances in the catalytic process are h+ and •OH.

ABSTRACT Hypothesis: Nomogram can be built to predict the pathological T3a upstaging from clinical T1a in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma before surgery. Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with clinical T1a (cT1a) disease who are upstaged to pathological T3a (pT3a) have reduced survivals after partial nephrectomy. We aimed to develop a nomogram-based model predicting pT3a upstaging in RCC patients with preoperative cT1a based on multiple preoperative blood indexes and oncological characteristics. Materials and Methods: Between 2010 and 2019, 510 patients with cT1a RCC were individually matched according to pT3a upstaging and pathological T1a (pT1a) at a 1:4 ratio using clinicopathologic features. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was used to identify the most important risk factor from 40 peripheral blood indicators, and a predictive model was established. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with the screened blood parameters and clinical data to identify significant variables. Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) was applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model for predicting pT3a upstaging in patients with cT1a RCC. Results: Out of 40 blood indexes, the top ranked predictor was fibrinogen (FIB). Age, the ratio of the tumor maximum and minimum diameter (ROD), FIB, and tumor size were all independent risk factors for pT3a upstaging in multivariate analysis. A predictive ARFS model (Age, ROD, FIB, tumor Size) was established, and the C-index was 0.756 (95% CI, 0.681-0.831) and 0.712 (95% CI, 0.638-0.785) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusions: Older age, higher ROD, increased FIB level, and larger tumor size were independent risk factors for upstaging. The ARFS model has a high prediction efficiency for pT3a upstaging in patients with cT1a RCC.

Abstract In order to describe the effects of origin (Mexico and United States of America), sex, age at slaughter (AS, 4 categories), body condition score (BCS, 5 categories) and slaughter weight (SW, 4 categories) on carcass characteristics of culled quarter horses, data from 235 horses sacrificed in the same slaughter facility within a 150 days period were analyzed. Overall, 74.5% were from the US, 80% were < 15 years of age and had BCS ≤ 4, and sex proportion was similar (51.5% female vs 48.5% males). Horses from USA had heavier SW (27%), leg circumference (4%), carcass weight (4.2%) and carcass yield (2.9%). Sex did not affect any characteristics evaluated. Horses from 3 to 8 years had greater rib eye area (REA) and backfat thickness. Except for leg length, as BCS and SW improved, all carcass characteristics linearly increased as BCS and SW increased. It is concluded that origin, sex, and age, explained very little on the carcass characteristics. The slaughter weight mainly explained changes in linear measures, carcass weight, and compact index, while BCS mainly explained carcass yield and REA.

Resumen Para describir los efectos de origen (México y Estados Unidos de América), sexo, edad al sacrificio (AS, 4 categorías), puntaje de condición corporal (BCS, 5 categorías) y peso de faena (SW, 4 categorías) se utilizaron datos de 235 caballos cuartos de milla sacrificados en una misma instalación durante un período de 150 días. Del total, el 74.5 % provenían de EUA, el 80 % fue <15 años y una BCS ≤ 4, la proporción de sexos fue similar (51.5 % hembras vs 48.5 % machos). Los caballos EUA presentaron mayor SW (27 %), circunferencia de pierna (4 %), peso en canal (4.2 %) y rendimiento en canal (2.9 %). El sexo no afectó ninguna característica evaluada. Los caballos de 3 a 8 años presentaron mayor área del ojo de la costilla (REA) y grasa dorsal. Exceptuando la longitud de pierna, las características de la canal aumentaron linealmente a medida que aumentaron BCS y SW. Se concluye que origen, sexo y edad explican poco sobre las características de la canal. El peso al sacrifico explicó principalmente los cambios en las medidas lineales, peso de la canal e índice compacto, mientras que BCS explicó principalmente el rendimiento de la canal y REA.

Abstract: Introduction: Eighty percent of the Proximal humerus fractures are not displaced or minimally displaced and stable. The international treatment recommendation is conservative. Immobilization of the limb carries risk of stiffness, pain and decreased function. Currently being used rehabilitation programs with early mobilization of the injured shoulder within the first week post-fracture, with evidence of early functional and labor recovery and with no risk for displacement of fragments. However, in our country, these patients start rehabilitation late, which leads to a delay in the recovery of functionality and delay in returning to work, translating into increased costs. At the moment there is no national benchmark for the cost of this late-onset rehabilitation. Material and methods: From a non-probabilistic sample for convenience, were analyzed records of 52 patients, treated in the period from January to December 2019. Inclusion criteria were workers diagnosed with a proximal humeral fracture, conservative management; exclusion criteria were peripheral nerve injury, aggregate fracture or surgically treated. Results: The mean direct medical cost was $19,090.69 Mexican pesos, directly proportional to the days of stay in the unit and disability. Conclusion: Late rehabilitation leads to more days of disability than recommended by the based guidelinesin the workload, therefore, higher cost.

Resumen: Introducción: Ochenta por ciento de las fracturas de húmero proximal son no desplazadas o mínimamente desplazadas y estables. La recomendación internacional de tratamiento es de uno conservador. La inmovilización de la extremidad conlleva riesgo de rigidez, dolor y disminución de función. Actualmente se están empleando programas de rehabilitación con movilización precoz del hombro lesionado dentro de la primera semana postfractura, con evidencia de recuperación funcional y laboral precoces y con ausencia de riesgo para desplazamiento de fragmentos. Sin embargo, en nuestro país, estos pacientes inician la rehabilitación de forma tardía, lo que conlleva un retardo en la recuperación de funcionalidad y retardo en reincorporación laboral, traduciendo incremento en costos. Al momento no existe un referente nacional del costo que implica esta rehabilitación de inicio tardío. Material y métodos: De una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, se analizaron expedientes de 52 pacientes, atendidos en el período de Enero a Diciembre de 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron trabajadores con diagnóstico de fractura de húmero proximal, manejo conservador; criterios de exclusión fueron lesión de nervio periférico, fractura agregada o postoperados. Resultados: La media del costo médico directo fue $19,090.69 pesos mexicanos, con relación directamente proporcional a los días de estancia en la unidad y de incapacidad. Conclusión: La rehabilitación tardía conlleva más días de incapacidad que las recomendadas por las guías con base en la carga de trabajo, por ende, mayor costo.

SUMMARY: Myodural bridges (MDB) are anatomical connections between the suboccipital muscles and the cervical dura mater which pass through both the atlanto-occipital and the atlanto-axial interspaces in mammals. In our previous studies, we found that the MDB exists in seven terrestrial mammal species, two marine mammal species, two reptilian species, and one bird species. A recent study suggested that given the “ubiquity” of myodural bridges in terrestrial vertebrates, the MDB may also exist in snakes. Specifically, we focused on the Gloydius shedaoensis, a species of Agkistrodon (pit viper snake) that is only found on Shedao Island, which is in the southeastern sea of Dalian City in China. Six head and neck cadaveric specimens of Gloydius shedaoensis were examined. Three specimens were used for anatomical dissection and the remaining three cadaveric specimens were utilized for histological analysis. The present study confirmed the existence of the MDB in the Gloydius shedaoensis. The snake’s spinalis muscles originated from the posterior edge of the supraoccipital bones and the dorsal facet of the exocciput, and then extended on both sides of the spinous processes of the spine, merging with the semispinalis muscles. On the ventral aspect of this muscular complex, it gave off fibers of the MDB. These MDB fibers twisted around the posterior margin of the exocciput and then passed through the atlanto-occipital interspace, finally terminating on the dura mater. We observed that the MDB also existed in all of the snakes’ intervertebral joints. These same histological findings were also observed in the Gloydius brevicaudus, which was used as a control specimen for the Gloydius shedaoensis. In snakes the spinal canal is longer than that observed in most other animals. Considering the unique locomotive style of snakes, our findings contribute to support the hypothesis that the MDB could modulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsations.

RESUMEN: Los puentes miodurales (MDB) son conexiones anatómicas entre los músculos suboccipitales y la duramadre cervical que pasan a través de los espacios intermedios atlanto-occipital y atlanto-axial en los mamíferos. En nuestros estudios anteriores, encontramos que el MDB existe en siete especies de mamíferos terrestres, dos especies de mamíferos marinos, dos especies de reptiles y una especie de ave. Un estudio reciente sugirió que dada la "ubicuidad" de los puentes miodurales en los vertebrados terrestres, el MDB también puede existir en las serpientes. Específicamente, nos enfocamos en Gloydius shedaoensis, una especie de Agkistrodon (serpiente víbora) que solo se encuentra en la isla Shedao, en el mar sureste de la ciudad de Dalian en China. Se examinaron seis especímenes cadavéricos de cabeza y cuello de Gloydius shedaoensis. Se utilizaron tres especímenes para la disección anatómica y los tres especímenes cadavéricos restantes se utilizaron para el análisis histológico. El presente estudio confirmó la existencia del MDB en Gloydius shedaoensis. Los músculos espinosos de la serpiente se originaron en el margen posterior de los huesos supraoccipital y la cara dorsal del exoccipucio, y luego se extendieron a ambos lados de los procesos espinosas de la columna vertebral, fusionándose con los músculos semiespinosos. En la cara ventral de este complejo muscular se desprendían fibras del MDB. Estas fibras MDB se ubican alrededor del margen posterior del exoccipucio y luego atraviesan el interespacio atlanto-occipital, terminando finalmente en la duramadre. Observamos que el MDB también existía en todas las articulaciones intervertebrales de las serpientes. Estos mismos hallazgos histológicos también se observaron en Gloydius brevicaudus, que se utilizó como muestra de control para Gloydius shedaoensis. En las serpientes, el canal espinal es más largo que el observado en la mayoría de los otros animales. Teniendo en cuenta el estilo único locomotor de las serpientes, nuestros hallazgos contribuyen a respaldar la hipótesis de que el MDB podría modular las pulsaciones del líquido cerebroespinal.