RESUMO Hyptis pectinata, conhecida popularmente como Sambacaitá é uma erva medicinal nativa utilizada pela população local para o tratamento de enfermidades, cujas propriedades farmacológicas, antimicrobianas e medicinais foram relatadas em diversos estudos. O óleo essencial das folhas é rico em compostos terpênicos responsáveis pelas suas propriedades. Devido à existência de fatores que podem influenciar a composição química dos óleos essenciais, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do armazenamento do óleo essencial Hyptis pectinata durante 360 dias em duas temperaturas diferentes. O óleo essencial foi destilado a partir de folhas secas de plantas de sete meses de idade, utilizando o método de hidrodestilação e a composição química foi determinada usando CG-EM e CG-DIC. Os efeitos do armazenamento no óleo essencial Hyptis pectinata foram testados ao longo de um ano (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300 e 360 dias), utilizando duas temperaturas: ambiente (±32ºC) e freezer (-20ºC). Os compostos predominantes no óleo essencial foram o β-cariofileno, óxido de cariofileno e germancreno D e houve variação na concentração dos constituintes químicos do óleo essencial, dependendo da temperatura de armazenamento, bem como ao longo dos 360 dias. O armazenamento do óleo essencial, à temperatura ambiente ao longo de um ano resultou em maiores concentrações de β-elemeno, α-copaeno, germacreno D, óxido de cariofileno e (E, E) -α-farneseno e menores teores de α-humuleno e β-cariofileno, quando comparado com os resultados obtidos a partir de armazenamento do óleo essencial no freezer. Estes resultados indicam que o óleo essencial deve ser estocado no freezer, o que propicia maior estabilidade na concentração dos constituintes químicos.

ABSTRACT Hyptis pectinata, popularly known as “sambacaitá”, is a native medicinal herb used by local people for treating disease. Its pharmacological, antimicrobial, and medicinal properties have been reported in several studies. The essential oil of the leaves is rich in terpene compounds responsible for its properties. Because there are factors that can influence the chemical composition of essential oils, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of storage on Hyptis pectinata essential oil for 360 days at two different temperatures. The essential oil was distilled from dried leaves of seven-month-old plants using the hydrodistillation method, and the chemical composition was determined using GC-MS and GC/FID. The effects of storage on the essential oil Hyptis pectinata were tested over the course of a year (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, and 360 days), using two temperatures: room (±32ºC) and freezer (-20ºC). The predominant compounds in the essential oil are β–caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and germancrene D. The concentration of the chemical constituents of the essential oil varied depending on the storage temperature, and over the 360 days. The storage of the essential oil at room temperature over one year resulted in higher concentrations of β-elemene, α-copaene, germacrene D, caryophyllene oxide, and (E,E)-α-farnesene and lower content of α-humulene and β-caryophyllene, compared to the results obtained from storing the essential oil in a freezer. These results indicate that the essential oil should be stored in a freezer, which provides greater stability to the concentration of the chemical constituents.

A importância fitoterápica e, consequentemente, econômica da Melissa officinalis tem contribuído para expansão do cultivo. O óleo essencial das folhas é formado por constituintes químicos que podem ser largamente empregados na indústria farmacêutica por possuírem atividades antioxidativa, antivirótica e sedativa. Assim sendo, objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar o efeito de combinações de doses de adubação orgânica com biofertilizante comercial e esterco bovino no cultivo de Melissa officinalis. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro doses de biofertilizante orgânico (Vitassolo®) e esterco bovino, sendo estes de 0, 30.000, 60.000 e 90.000 L ha-1. Os tratamentos foram arranjados no delineamento experimental blocos casualizados no fatorial 4x4, com 3 repetições. As características avaliadas foram altura de planta, rendimento de folha, teor e rendimento de óleo essencial. As maiores doses de esterco bovino resultaram em um maior desenvolvimento das plantas, em relação às mesmas doses do biofertilizante.

The phytotherapic and economic importance of Melissa officinalis has contributed to its cultivation expansion. The essential oil of leaves is composed of chemical constituents, which can be largely employed in the pharmaceutical industry due to their antioxidant, antivirotic and sedative activities. Thus, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of level combination of organic fertilization with commercial biofertilizer and cattle manure on Melissa officinalis cultivation. Treatments constituted of four levels of organic biofertilizer (Vitassolo®) and cattle manure at 0; 30,000; 60,000 and 90,000 L ha-1. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, in split plot 4X4 factorial arrangement, with three replicates. The characteristics evaluated were plant height, leaf yield, essential oil content and yield. The highest cattle manure levels resulted in higher plant development, compared with the same biofertilizer levels.

Several species of the genus Hyptis have presented medicinal characteristics and are frequently indicated to treat gastro intestinal infections, gramps and pain, as well as for skin infections. Three harvests were carried out using six H. pectinata accessions, and the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, canopy diameter, leave length (L) and width (W), L/W relation and dry weight of leaves and stem. The accession SAM006 have presented highest leave dry matter yield when the three harvests were summed. The aqueous leaf extracts of the same six H. pectinata accessions were tested for anti-edematogenic effect using the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg. The extracts administered orally had a significant anti-edematogenic effect. The dose of 200 mg/kg of accessions SAM004 and SAM005 had a stronger effect reducing the edema by 19.6% and 15.4%, respectively. Similar results were obtained using higher dosages of the aqueous extract of the accessions SAM002, SAM003 and SAM006. It can be concluded that the accessions SAM004, SAM005 and SAM006 are promising genotypes for a plant breeding program that aims the development of a cultivar with highest leave yielding and anti-edematogenic effect.