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au:BRAJKOVICH, IMPERIA

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Three Regions in Venezuela: The VEMSOLS Study
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Brajkovich, Imperia

; González-Rivas, Juan P.

; Ugel, Eunice

; Rísquez, Alejandro

; Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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dec 2018, Volume 31 N. 6 Pages 603 - 609

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: No previous study has evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in more than one region in Venezuela. Objective: To determine the prevalence of MS in three Venezuelan regions. Methods: From 2006 to 2010, a total of 1,320 subjects aged ≥ 20 years were selected by multistage stratified random sampling from the regions of Lara State (western region), Mérida State (the Andean region), and Capital District (Capital Region). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical analysis were obtained from each participant. MS was defined according to the harmonized Joint Interim Statement (2009) definition. Results: Mean age was 44.8 ± 0.39 years and 68.5% of the participants were female. The overall prevalence of MS was 35.7% (95% confidence interval 32.2 - 39.2%), while the prevalence was 42.5% (95% CI 38.8 - 46.1%) among men and 32.6% (95% CI 29.1 - 36.0%) among women (p < 0.001). In women, the prevalence of MS increased at almost every decade of life, while in men, the prevalence was similar from the age of 30 years onwards. The most prevalent abnormalities were low HDL-c levels (58.6%, 95% CI 54.9 - 62.1%), abdominal obesity (52.0%, 95% CI 48.4 - 55.7%), and elevated triglycerides levels (39.7%, 95% CI 36.1 - 43.2%). The prevalence of MS increased with increasing body mass index categories. Conclusion: In Venezuela, MS is a highly prevalent condition, which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a large number of subjects. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

https://doi.org/10.5935/2359-4802.20180065 771 downloads

Prevalence of Dyslipidemias in Three Regions in Venezuela: The VEMSOLS Study Results
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González-Rivas, Juan P.

; Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis

; Brajkovich, Imperia

; Ugel, Eunice

; Rísquez, Alejandro

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jan 2018, Volume 110 N. 1 Pages 30 - 35

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: A prevalência de dislipidemia em várias regiões da Venezuela é desconhecida. A Síndrome Metabólica venezuelana, Obesidade e Estilo de Vida Estudo (VEMSOLS) foram realizados para avaliar os fatores de risco cardiometabólico na Venezuela. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de dislipidemia em cinco populações de três regiões da Venezuela. Métodos: Durante os anos de 2006 a 2010, 1320 indivíduos com 20 anos ou mais foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória estratificada de vários estágios de todas as famílias em cinco municípios a partir de 3 regiões da Venezuela: Estado Lara (região Oeste), Estado de Mérida (região andina) e Capital Distrito (região Capital). medidas antropométricas e análise bioquímica foram obtidas de cada participante. Dislipidemia foi definida de acordo com as definições NCEP / ATPIII. Resultados: A idade média foi de 44,8 ± 0,39 anos, e 68,5% eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de lípidos anormalidades relacionadas à síndrome metabólica (HDL-c baixo [58,6%; IC95% 54,9-62,1] e triglicerídeos elevados [39,7%; 36,1-43,2]) foram as alterações lipídicas mais prevalente, seguida pela dislipidemia aterogênica ( 25,9%; 22,7-29,1), LDL-C elevado (23,3%; 20,2-26,4), hipercolesterolêmica (22,2%; 19,2-25,2), e misturar dislipidemia (8,9%; 6,8-11,0). Dislipidemia foi mais prevalente com o aumento do índice de massa corporal. Conclusão: As dislipidemias são fatores de risco cardiometabólico prevalentes na Venezuela. Entre elas, uma maior prevalência de baixo HDL é uma condição também consistentemente relatada na América Latina.

Abstract Background: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in multiple regions of Venezuela is unknown. The Venezuelan Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (VEMSOLS) was undertaken to evaluate cardiometabolic risk factors in Venezuela. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in five populations from three regions of Venezuela. Methods: During the years 2006 to 2010, 1320 subjects aged 20 years or older were selected by multistage stratified random sampling from all households in five municipalities from 3 regions of Venezuela: Lara State (Western region), Merida State (Andean region), and Capital District (Capital region). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis were obtained from each participant. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the NCEP/ATPIII definitions. Results: Mean age was 44.8 ± 0.39 years and 68.5% were females. The prevalence of lipids abnormalities related to the metabolic syndrome (low HDL-c [58.6%; 95% CI 54.9 - 62.1] and elevated triglycerides [39.7%; 36.1 - 43.2]) were the most prevalent lipid alterations, followed by atherogenic dyslipidemia (25.9%; 22.7 - 29.1), elevated LDL-c (23.3%; 20.2 - 26.4), hypercholesterolemia (22.2%; 19.2 - 25.2), and mix dyslipidemia (8.9%; 6.8 - 11.0). Dyslipidemia was more prevalent with increasing body mass index. Conclusion: Dyslipidemias are prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors in Venezuela. Among these, a higher prevalence of low HDL is a condition also consistently reported in Latin America.

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20170180 1588 downloads

High prevalence and poor control of hypertension in five venezuelan populations: the VEMSOLS study
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González-Rivas, Juan P

; García Santiago, Raúl José

; Ugel, Eunice

; Brajkovich, Imperia

; Risquez, Alejandro

; Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis

Investigación Clínica

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dec 2016, Volume 57 N. 4 Pages 364 - 376

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Se desconoce la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en múltiples regiones de Venezuela. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de HTA en cinco poblaciones de tres regiones. Durante 2006 a 2010, 1392 sujetos de 20 o más años de edad fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado polietápico, de todas las casas en 5 municipios de: Estado Lara (región Oeste), Estado Mérida (región Andina) y Distrito Capital (región Capital). Se obtuvieron medidas antropométricas, presión arterial y análisis bioquímico. La media de edad fue 45,2 ± 0,4 años, y 68% fueron mujeres. La prevalencia de HTA fue 31,3% (IC 95%: 28,9 - 33,8), mayor en hombres que en mujeres (38,1% [33,5 - 42,8] vs 28,2% [25,4 - 31,2], respectivamente; p <0,001). Los sujetos hipertensos mostraron mayor edad, índice de masa corporal (IMC), glucemia, colesterol total, c-LDL y triglicéridos; y valores más bajos de c-HDL, que los sujetos pre-hipertensos y normotensos (p< 0,05). En las mujeres, la prevalencia de HTA aumentó linealmente en cada década de la vida y en cada categoría de IMC; en los hombres, se incrementó hasta la quinta década, siendo similar en sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad. El riesgo de HTA se incrementó con la edad, presencia de sobrepeso/obesidad, diabetes, e historia familiar de HTA. Sólo 17,7% de los sujetos hipertensos se encontraban tratados y controlados. En conclusión, un tercio de los sujetos evaluados presentó HTA y alrededor de un quinto está bajo control. En Venezuela, la HTA es un grave problema de salud pública exacerbado por la edad y el sobrepeso.

The prevalence of hypertension in multiple regions of Venezuela is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in five populations from three regions. During 2006 to 2010, 1392 subjects aged 20 or older were selected by multistage stratified random sampling from all households in five municipalities from: Lara State (Western region), Merida State (Andean region), and Capital District (Capital region). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical analysis were obtained from each participant. Mean age was 45.2 ± 0.4 years and 68% were females. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 31.3% (CI 95% 28.9 - 33.8), it was higher in men than women (38.1% [33.5 - 42.8] vs. 28.2% [25.4 - 31.2], respectively; p <0.001). The hypertensive participants were older, with higher body mass index (BMI), glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-c, and triglycerides; and lower values of HDL-c, than pre-hypertensive and normotensive participants (p < 0.05). In women, hypertension prevalence increased linearly for every decade of life and by category of BMI; whereas in men it increased until the fifth decade of life, and was similar in patients with overweight and obesity. The risk of hypertension increased with age, the presence of obesity, diabetes, overweight and family history of hypertension. Only 17.7% of the hypertensive subjects were both treated and controlled. In conclusion, about one third of the subjects evaluated had hypertension and about one fifth of them had their hypertension under control. In Venezuela, hypertension is a serious public health problem exacerbated by age and overweight.

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Complicaciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares del síndrome de ovario poliquístico
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Brajkovich, Imperia

; Pérez Monteverde, Armando

Revista de Obstetricia y Ginecología de Venezuela

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jun 2016, Volume 76 Suppl. 1 Pages S65 - S73

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

296 downloads

Manual Venezolano de Diabetes Gestacional
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Aguilar, María

; Araujo de Urdaneta, Sonia

; Alvarado, Rodulfo

; Brajkovich M, Imperia E

; Camejo, Manuel

; Colina, José Luis

; Febres Balestrini, Freddy

; Fuenmayor, Jairo

; Fung, Liliana

; Gutiérrez, Ylse

; González, Freddy

; Huerfano, Tanit

; Javornik, Ricardo

; López, Cristina

; López, Tulio

; Palacios, Anselmo

; Pérez, Omidres

; Saba, Tony

; Salazar, Virginia

; Sánchez, William

; Santaella, Carmen

; Toro, Judith

; Yépez, Ingrid

Revista Venezolana de Endocrinología y Metabolismo

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feb 2016, Volume 14 N. 1 Pages 56 - 90

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

La diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) es uno de los trastornos metabólicos más frecuentes que pueden afectar el embarazo. Su prevalencia aumenta en la misma proporción que la epidemia de obesidad y sobrepeso. Reconocer y tratar cualquier grado de alteración de la glucemia que afecte la gestación conduce a la disminución de complicaciones maternas y fetales, inmediatas y a largo plazo. A pesar de un cúmulo de investigación básica y clínica, aun no existe un enfoque único para diagnosticar y tratar la diabetes durante el embarazo. Lo deseable para nuestro país es buscar la uniformidad de criterios en la pesquisa y el diagnóstico de la DMG, y de esa manera, poder tener nuestra propia casuística. Es por ello que la Sociedad Venezolana de Endocrinología y Metabolismo ha concebido la idea de elaborar este Manual de Diabetes Gestacional, con la colaboración de la Sociedad de Obstetricia y Ginecología de Venezuela, la Sociedad Venezolana de Medicina Interna y Especialistas que integran el equipo multidisciplinario de atención a la embarazada de alto riesgo conformado por endocrinólogos, internistas, obstetras, nutricionistas, deportólogos y/o biólogos del ejercicio y neonatólogos, para que pueda ser utilizado tanto a nivel primario como en áreas de especialización. Este manual se enfocará en la prevención, la pesquisa, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y seguimiento de la Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional, pudiendo servir de base para la integración del equipo de salud que se constituya para atender a nuestra paciente.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders that can affect pregnancy. Its prevalence increases in the same proportion as the epidemic of obesity and overweight. Recognize and treat any degree of impaired glucose affecting pregnancy leads to decreased maternal and fetal, immediate and long-term complications. Despite a wealth of basic and clinical research, there is no single approach to diagnose and treat diabetes during pregnancy. Desirable for our country is to seek uniformity of criteria in the screening and diagnosis of GDM and thus able to have our own casuistry. That is why the Venezuelan Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism has conceived the idea of a Manual of Gestational Diabetes, in collaboration with the Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Venezuela, the Venezuelan Society of Internal Medicine and specialists who make up the multidisciplinary care team high-risk pregnant formed with endocrinologists, internists, obstetricians, nutritionists, exercise physiologists and/or biologists exercise and neonatologist so that it can be used both at the primary level and areas of expertise. This manual will focus on prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and can serve as a basis for integrating health team to serve our patient.

2858 downloads

Mensaje de la Sociedad venezolana de Endocrinología y Metabolismo
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Brajkovich, Imperia

Revista Venezolana de Endocrinología y Metabolismo

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jun 2015, Volume 13 N. 2 Pages 62 - 63

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

179 downloads

Tratamiento no farmacológico: aspectos nutricionales, estilo de vida y actividad física. Cirugía bariátrica
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Brajkovich, Imperia

; Izquierdo, Melania

; Nieto, Ramfis

; Cordero, Marilin

Revista Venezolana de Endocrinología y Metabolismo

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oct 2012, Volume 10 Suppl. 1 Pages 47 - 57

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

6028 downloads

Complicaciones metabólicas del síndrome de ovario poliquístico
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Brajkovich, Imperia

; Mendoza, Alexander

Revista Venezolana de Endocrinología y Metabolismo

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oct 2007, Volume 5 N. 3 Pages 41 - 43

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

191 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

Entendiendo las causas de la obesidad a traves de la biologia celular del adiposito
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Bastarrachea, Raúl A

; Fuenmayor, Ramón

; Brajkovich, Imperia

; Comuzzie, Anthony G

Revista Venezolana de Endocrinología y Metabolismo

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oct 2005, Volume 3 N. 3 Pages 20 - 29

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

La obesidad es un área multidisciplinaria, cuya biología abarca: 1) los mecanismos fundamentales sobre la regulación del balance energético; 2) las bases genómicas para el desarrollo de la obesidad, 3) las vías celulares de las funciones del tejido adiposo; 4) la descripción molecular del estado obeso; 5) las consecuencias patológicas de la obesidad; 6) las bases fisiológicas para las estrategias de tratamiento. El tejido adiposo es reconocido hoy en día como un órgano endocrino clave, cuya comunicación amplia es efectuada tanto con el cerebro como con tejidos periféricos a través de estas adipocinas. La obesidad es caracterizada por una inflamación moderada y el adipocito parece ser el sitio principal de este estado inflamatorio, que lo estimula a producir citocinas, quimiocinas, proteínas de fase aguda, y factores angiogénicos. En este artículo, discutiremos las vías de señalizaciones celulares y moleculares que se encuentran en las intersecciones de los caminos inflamatorios y metabólicos que contribuyen al desarrollo de la diabetes y la disfunción endotelial a través de un exceso de grasa corporal. También nos atrevemos a sugerir varios modelos que pretenden explicar la integración de las vías inflamatorias y metabólicas dentro del contexto de las enfermedades del metabolismo y la obesidad.

Obesity is a multidisciplinary topic, the biology of which includes: 1) the f fundamental mechanisms of energy balance and its regulation; 2) the genomic basis for the development of obesity; 3) the cellular pathways of adipose tissue function; 4) the molecular description of the obese state; 5) the pathological consequences of obesity; 6) the physiological basis for treatment strategies. Adipose tissue is now recognized as a key endocrine organ, communicating both with the brain and peripheral tissues through the adipokines. Obesity is characterized by mild inflammation, and the adipocyte may be the main locus of the inflammatory state, producing cytokines, chemokines, acute-phase proteins and angiogenic factors. In this article, we discuss the molecular and cellular signaling pathways at the intersection of metabolism and inflammation that contribute to diabetes and endothelial dysfunction through an excess of body fat. We dare to suggest several models for the integration of inflammatory and metabolic pathways in metabolic disease and obesity.

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