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Inorganic carbon assimilation by planktonic community in Santos Basin, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
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Kutner, Deborah S.

; Bowman, Jeff S.

; Saldanha-Corrêa, Flávia M. P.

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moreira, Daniel L.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Signori, Camila N.

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23006

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Primary production is essential in shaping biogeochemical cycles and microbial and ecosystem dynamics. The distribution of chemosynthetic rates in pelagic zones and their participation in the carbon cycle, especially when compared to photosynthetic rates in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, are poorly constrained. This study aimed to measure pelagic photo- and chemosynthetic productivity and to analyze their spatial distribution and abiotic drivers. Samples for photosynthesis experiments collected at the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) were incubated with 14C-bicarbonate at eight light levels, simulating in situ conditions. Samples for chemosynthesis experiments were collected throughout the water column, from the surface, DCM, 250 m, 900 m, 1,200 m, and 2,300 m, and were incubated in the dark. Rates were analyzed using statistical tests to verify spatial differences between groups of samples and generalized linear models to identify correlations with environmental variables (temperature, salinity, density, mixed layer depth, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, turbidity, CDOM, and phycoerythrin and chlorophyll-a concentrations). Moreover, both processes were integrated from the surface to the DCM and compared at the same stations to determine the relative contribution in the epipelagic zone. The photosynthetic and chemosynthetic rates were, on average, 3.00 ± 3.26 mg C m-3 h-1 and 0.97 ± 1.22 mg C m-3 h-1, respectively. In most stations, chemosynthesis represented an average of 10.2% of total primary productivity, but surpassed photosynthesis in three experiments (reaching 63.4 – 78.8%). Photosynthesis displayed a clear offshore-onshore gradient, along with correlated CDOM concentrations, indicating an autochthonous production of the latter. Chemosynthesis, on the other hand, exhibited high variability and lack of prediction by studied environmental variables, with isolated points of substantially higher activity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22085dsk

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

Short-term variation of plankton spatial distribution at a subtropical mixed estuarine system
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NASCIMENTO, LORENA S.

; BRANDINI, FREDERICO

; SIMIÃO, MÔNICA S.

; NOGUEIRA JÚNIOR, MIODELI

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 elocation e20200219

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The horizontal distribution of plankton communities in a subtropical mixed estuarine system over one tidal cycle was investigated. Hydrological and planktonic samples were obtained twice on 17 July 2007 in a transect with ten stations in the Babitonga Bay estuary, south Brazil (~26°S). Hydrological variables did not vary spatially or tidally during samplings. However, in the cluster analyses both phyto and zooplankton were structured according to their estuarine position and in the inner stations also by the tidal condition. Phytoplankton abundances were higher during flood tide in the inner estuary (max. 122,583 ind.L-1), where diatoms dominated, particularly Diploneis bombus. However, the density at ebb tide increased towards outer estuary (max. >100,000 ind.L-1) and flagellates, mostly Gymnodinium spp., became abundant. Zooplankton abundances were higher at intermediate stations during both tides (max. 13,691 ind.m-3). The innermost stations were dominated by the copepod Acartia tonsa, while in the outermost stations Temora turbinata and the polychaete larvae Loimia sp. dominated. The results demonstrate how variable the estuarine plankton horizontal structure can be over short time-scales even in mixed estuarine systems under relatively homogeneous conditions, highlighting the importance to consider such temporal scales for a more accurate understanding of the dynamics of these communities.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200219 41 downloads

A preliminary assessment of larval fish assemblages on artificial reefs in the nearshore Southern Brazil
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Alegretti, Cathrine Boerseth

; Grande, Henrique

; Namiki, Cláudia Akemi Pereira

; Loose, Robin Hilbert

; Brandini, Frederico Pereira

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2021, Volume 69 elocation e21017

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Artificial reefs (ARs) have been deployed on the inner shelf of Paraná, Southeast Brazil, as protection against destructive trawling activities, and to offer habitat for local fauna for recovery of biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to develop a preliminary characterization of the ichthyoplankton community associated with both artificial and natural reefs in the Currais Archipelago, and perform a comparison of fish larvae composition between ARs and nearby unconsolidated substrate. Two sampling methods were used, light traps and a plankton net. A total of 12 families and 14 species were identified, expanding the total species list in the area by eight species and three families. Differences among assemblages on ARs and unconsolidated substrate indicate that ARs seem to be effective attractors to fish larvae. Particular attention is drawn in regard to the "attractor effect" for exotic species that do not naturally reside in the area, such as Omobranchus punctatus. The large abundance of fish eggs on ARs suggests that these artificial structures can improve local production. These results are the first step needed to better define guidelines for sustainable use and management of ARs and Currais Archipelago, a Marine National Park.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824069.21-002cba 200 downloads

Microphytobenthic biomass on a subtropical intertidal flat of Paranaguá bay (Southern Brazil): spatio-temporal distribution and the influence of environmental conditions
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Fonseca, Alessandra Larissa D'Oliveira

; Machado, Eunice da Costa

; Brandini, Frederico Pereira

; Brandini, Nilva

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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jun 2013, Volume 61 N. 2 Pages 83 - 92

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A dinâmica sazonal e espacial da biomassa microfitobêntica em uma planície arenosa intermareal (25º32'S; 48º24'W) foi investigada mensalmente de setembro de 1995 a julho de 1996. A concentração de clorofila-a e feofitina-a, a temperatura, salinidade, concentração de nitrogênio inorgânico e fosfato na água intersticial, além das características do sedimento, foram inferidas na região superior (HW), mediana (MW) e inferior (LW) da planície. A biomassa microfitobêntica apresentou gradientes sazonal e espacial bem definidos. Maiores concentrações de clorofila-a foram registradas na região superior da planície entre marés (HW, de 11.78 µg.gsed-1 até 38.18 µg.gsed-1), decrescendo em direção a região inferior da planície (LW, de 6.23 µg.gsed-1 a 18.23 µg.gsed-1). A sazonalidade microfitobêntica foi determinada principalmente pela turbulência da coluna de água, influenciada pelos eventos atmosféricos. As propriedades do sedimento e as concentrações de nutrientes foram significantes para a distribuição espacial e sazonal dos pigmentos na planície entre marés.

Seasonal and spatial dynamics of the microphytobenthic biomass on a subtropical intertidal sand flat (25°32'S; 48°24'W) was investigated monthly from September 1995 to July 1996. Chlorophyll-a and Phaeophytin-a contents, temperature, salinity, inorganic nitrogen and phosphate pore water concentrations and sediment characteristics were assessed in the upper (HW), middle (MW) and lower (LW) sections of the flat. Microphytobenthic biomass content showed a conspicuous seasonal and spatial gradient. Higher chlorophyll-a contents were registered in the HW section of the tidal flat (from 11.78 µg.gsed-1 to 38.18 µg.gsed-1) decreasing towards the LW section (from 6.23 µg.gsed-1 to 18.23 µg.gsed-1). Microphytobenthic seasonality was determined mainly by turbulence of the water column, which was influenced by atmospheric events. The sediment properties and nutrient concentrations had a significant effect on the spatial and seasonal distribution of pigments on the intertidal flat.

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Brandini, Frederico

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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2011, Volume 59 N. spe1

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

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Epilithic community development on artificial reefs deployed along a cross-shelf environmental gradient off Paraná state, southern Brazil
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Brandini, Frederico

; Silva, Ariel Scheffer da

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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2011, Volume 59 N. spe1 Pages 43 - 53

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Blocos quadriláteros de concreto foram assentados no fundo marinho nas isóbatas de 11, 18 e 30 metros ao longo de um transecto na plataforma interna perpendicular a costa do estado do Paraná, Região sudeste do Brasil, com o objetivo de analisar a colonização de macroinvertebrados epilíticos em superfícies artificiais em relação ao gradiente ambiental. Após um ano de submersão foram identificadas 63 espécies de organismos epilíticos dominados por Ostrea puelchana, Chthamalus bisinuatus, Balanus cf spongicola, Astrangia cf rathbuni, Didemnum spp, esponjas e briozoários. Os índices de diversidade e porcentagens de cobertura da macrofauna epilítica nos recifes artificiais assentados sobre as isóbatas de 11, 18 e 30 metros foram respectivamente 2.28 and 66.7%, 2.79 and 96.6% and 1.66 and 77.4%. As diferenças entre a estrutura da comunidade epilítica nas tres isóbatas não foram claramente relacionadas com as condições ambientais no fundo próximo aos recifes artificiais. Turbidez e abundância de larvas do meroplâncton foram considerados fatores importantes no controle da colonização epilítica e nas diferenças entre a estrutura das comunidades observada nos tres recifes experimentais. Os resultados indicam que profundidades entre 15 e 20 metros são mais adequadas para a instalação de sistemas de recifes artificiais em larga escala na plataforma do estado do Paraná e, possivelmente, em toda a região Sudeste do Brasil com características hidrográficas semelhantes.

Concrete modules were deployed on the bottom of the 11, 18 and 30 meters isobaths along a cross-shelf hydrographic gradient off Paraná State, Southern Brazil, with the purpose of studying the colonization of sessile epilithic macroinvertebrates on artificial surfaces. After one year of submersion a total of 63 species of epilithic organisms were identified, dominated by Ostrea puelchana, Chthamalus bisinuatus, Balanus cf spongicola, Astrangia cf rathbuni, Didemnum spp, poryphers and bryozoans. Diversity index and percent cover at reef stations placed at 11, 18 and 30 meters isobaths were respectively 2.28 and 66.7%, 2.79 and 96.6% and 1.66 and 77.4%. Differences of general community structure among the three assemblages were not clearly related to the general environmental conditions at the bottom layers near the reef stations. Turbidity and larval abundance are discussed as important factors affecting colonization processes. Results indicate that depths between 15-20 meters are more suitable for the implementation of large scale artificial reef systems in the inner shelf off Paraná and, possibly, throughout the inner shelves off southern Brazil with similar hydrographic conditions.

2655 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

Offshore distribution patterns of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum ehrenberg and associated phyto- and bacterioplankton in the southern Atlantic coast (Paraná, Brazil)
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Siqueira, Adriana

; Kolm, Hedda Elisabeth

; Brandini, Frederico Pereira

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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mar 2006, Volume 49 N. 2 Pages 323 - 337

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O propósito principal da presente pesquisa foi investigar as florações de Trichodesmium erythraeum na plataforma continental interna do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram medidas, em águas de superfície a temperatura, salinidade, bactérias totais, biomassa bacteriana, clorofila-a, densidade fitoplanctônica, densidade das cianobactérias Anabaena sp., Merismopedia sp. e T. erythraeum. Ao contrário dos dinoflagelados, cuja abundância foi relativamente constante em todas as estações, as diatomáceas cêntricas e penadas, Anabaena sp. e Merismopedia sp. foram mais abundantes até a isóbata dos 15 m. A densidade de bactérias totais também foi relativamente homogênea na área amostrada, o que sugere que as florações de T. erythraeum não se encontravam em fase senescente. Os resultados confirmam que T. erythraeum é capaz de sobreviver em condições ambientais relativamente inóspitas devido à sua capacidade de fixar nitrogênio e efetuar a fotossíntese em altas intensidades de luz.

Studies were carried out on Thrichodesmium erythraeum occurring on the inner shelf in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Temperature, salinity, rainfall, wind velocity, total bacteria, bacterial biomass, chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton, Anabaena sp., Merismopedia sp. and T. erythraeum densities were measured in surface water. Centric and pennate diatoms, Anabaena sp. and Merismopedia sp. were most abundant at 15 m isobath, while dinoflagellate abundance was relatively constant among stations. Similarly, total bacterial densities were relatively homogeneous throughout the sampling area, suggesting that blooms of T. erythraeum were not yet in the senescent phase. Results showed that T. erythraeum was capable of surviving in relatively inhospitable environmental conditions, due to its ability to fix nitrogen and to photosynthesis at high light intensities.

2711 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

Dynamics of microalgal communities in the water-column/sediment interface of the inner shelf off Parana State, Southern Brazil
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Queiroz, Ricardo Luiz

; Brandini, Frederico Pereira

; Pellizzari, Franciane Maria

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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dec 2004, Volume 52 N. 3-4 Pages 183 - 194

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A composição geral e a biomassa da comunidade microalgal da interface sedimento/água da plataforma do Estado do Paraná (Brasil) foram estudadas em 1999 em relação ao regime de ventos. A cada dois meses foram coletadas amostras para a identificação de organismos e determinação de clorofila a, na interface água-sedimento e em profundidades discretas, ao longo da coluna d'água, até 4m acima do sedimento. Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma comunidade constituída principalmente por diatomáceas planctônicas e bentônicas maiores que 30 µm, diatomáceas bentônicas menores que 30 µm, e cianobactérias coloniais. As densidades celulares foram geralmente mais altas na interface. Eventos de mistura e sedimentação parecem ser determinantes na regulação da composição e biomassa de tais comunidades. Formas menores, mais susceptíveis à turbulência, dominaram a comunidade de água de fundo na maioria das ocasiões, e foram as mais abundantes na interface apenas em períodos de extrema estabilidade. Células maiores, aparentemente contendo a maior parte do pigmento observado, estiveram presentes em números significativos na interface sedimento/água, e foram profundamente afetadas pela competição com cianobactérias. Períodos de turbulência mais intensa causada por ventos podem desestabilizar tal quadro ressuspendendo os organismos.

The composition and biomass of the microalgal community at the water-column/sediment interface on the continental shelf off Parana State (Brazil) were studied every 2 months during 1999. Samples for cell identification and determination of chlorophyll a were taken from the interface layer and at discrete depths up to 4 m above the sediment. Results showed a community mainly formed by benthic and planktonic diatoms >30 µm, benthic diatoms <30 µm and cyanobacteria. Cell densities were generally higher at the interface layer. Resuspension and sedimentation events seemed to be a paramount factor regulating the composition and biomass of these communities, and affected differently cells of different size classes. Cells >30 µm, which accounted for most of the pigment biomass, were resuspended from the interface after turbulent periods, and may take advantage of calm periods to stay and grow at the interface. Small benthic diatoms were more susceptible to wind-induced turbulence occurring in higher densities in the water column just above the water-sediment interface. A cyanobacterial bloom (Trichodesmiun) was observed at these bottom layers in the spring-summer periods.

1913 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

10.

Diatom associations in shelf waters off Paraná State, Southern Brazil: annual variation in relation to environmental factors
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Fernandes, Luciano Felício

; Brandini, Frederico Pereira

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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mar 2004, Volume 52 N. 1 Pages 19 - 34

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A variação sazonal das diatomáceas em águas neríticas do estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil, foi investigada para analisar sua dinâmica temporal e detectar as principais forçantes ambientais da comunidade planctônica. Picos de biomassa ocorreram de Maio a Agosto e de Dezembro a Março. As espécies dominantes foram Cerataulina pelagica, Chaetoceros spp., Dactyliosolen fragilissimus, Guinardia striata, Lauderia annulata, Leptocylindrus spp., Pseudo-nitzschia cf. delicatissima, P. australis, Rhizosolenia spp., Skeletonema costatum e Thalassionema nitzschioides. Representantes de Naviculaceae, Nitzschia spp., Thalassiosira spp. e Chaetoceros cf. tenuissimus dominaram as diatomáceas nanoplanctônicas. As concentrações da maioria das espécies decresceram durante e logo após as florações de Phaeocystis pouchetii em Setembro, e de Coscinodiscus wailesii em Abril. Com base na análise de cluster e interpretações dos parâmetros ambientais monitorados, seis associações de diatomáceas foram discernidas. Quatro fatores ambientais principais foram atribuídos como determinantes para o grupamento: (a) influência mais forte de águas oligotróficas da Corrente do Brasil na Primavera/Verão, (b) alternância entre as estações chuvosa (rica em nutrientes) e seca, (c) influência de águas subantárticas enriquecidas misturadas às costeiras no Outono e Inverno, trazendo espécies de águas frias, além de promover o crescimento de autóctones, e (d) florações de espécies nanoplanctônicas (Phaeocystis) e microplanctônicas (C. wailesii).

The seasonal variation of diatoms in the inshore waters off Paraná State, Southern Brazil was investigated to analyse their temporal dynamics and to detect the main environmental constraints of the planktonic community. Biomass peaks occurred from May to August and from December to March. Among the microplanktonic diatoms, Cerataulina pelagica, Chaetoceros spp., Dactyliosolen fragilissimus, Guinardia striata, Lauderia annulata, Leptocylindrus spp., Pseudo-nitzschia cf. delicatissima, P. australis, Rhizosolenia spp., Skeletonema costatum and Thalassionema nitzschioides were dominant species. Nanoplanktonic diatoms were dominated by Naviculaceae, Nitzschia spp., Thalassiosira spp. and Chaetoceros cf. tenuissimus. Concentrations of most of the species decreased during and just after the blooms of Phaeocystis pouchetii in September and of Coscinodiscus wailesii in April. Based on cluster analysis and interpretations of the environmental parameters monitored, six diatom associations were discerned. Four main environmental factors were attributed as the determinants for the grouping: (a) the stronger influence of the tropical oligotrophic waters of the Brazil Current in spring/summer, (b) the alternation between dry and rainy (nutrient-richer) seasons, (c) the influence of subantarctic waters mixed with coastal ones in fall/winter, bringing cold species and promoting the growth of autochthonous species, and (d) the blooms of nanoplanktonic (Phaeocystis) and microplanktonic (C. wailesii) species.

2876 downloads Cited 11 times in SciELO

11.

Comunidades microplanctônicas no Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental: biomassa e distribuição em novembro de 1992
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Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia

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1999, Volume 47 N. 2 Pages 189 - 205

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A distribuição quantitativa e a biomassa do microplâncton (1O-200J.lffi) foram investigadas ao longo de um transecto entre 8ão Paulo (25º30'8) e a Península Antártica (62º05'8) em novembro de 1992. Aumentos de biomassa fitoplanctônica ocorreram na Frente Polar (FP) e Zona de Confluência Brasil-Malvinas (ZCBM) (0,84-1,23J.1g Chl.a/l). A biomassa foi menor nas massas de água adjacentes, com valores médios semelhantes de clorofila-a para a Água 8ubtropical (0,27J.1g/1), onde ocorreu florescimento de Trichodesmium erythraeum, e Água de 8uperficie Antártica (O, 18J.1g11). A área central oceânica na Água 8ubantártica ao largo da plataforma patagônica (46º8-54º8) constituiu notável exceção, com florescimentos significativos do fitoplâncton (até 2,46J.1g Chl.a/1). As diatomáceas dominaram as áreas de crescimento intensivo nas duas fTentes, onde os valores de abundância e biomassa do fitoplâncton foram semelhantes, indicando que ambientes com características hidrográficas e biológicas distintas suportam florescimentos de mesma magnitude. Ao norte da ZCBM dominaram espécies com menor quantidade de sílica, refletindo concentrações menores deste nutriente naquelas águas. Em contrapartida, espécies com paredes celulares espessadas dominaram a comunidade durante o florescimento na FP. Estes representantes parecem ser recorrentes e com distribuição circumpolar na FP em diferentes longitudes. Ciliados e dinoflagelados dominaram na Água 8ubtropical e norte da Confluência, parecendo responder rapidamente às elevações de densidade do fitoplâncton. A Prymnesiophyceae Phaeocystis aft: globosa foi abundante em algumas estações.

The biomass distribution and the composition of the microplankton (1O-200J.1m) were investigated along a transect between 80uthem Brazil (25º30'8) and Antarctic Peninsula (62º05'8) in November/1992. Biomass peaks were observed at Polar Front (PF) and Brazil-Malvinas Confluence Zone (BMCZ) (0.84-1.23 J.1g Chl.a/l). Adjacent waters showed low biomass indicating low productivity, with similar average values for Antarctic Water (0.18 J.1g/l) and 8ubtropical Water (0.27 J.1g11), where a bloom of Trichodesmium erythraeum was detected. 8ubantarctic waters over the oceanic province around the Patagonian shelf represented a notable exception, with peaks in phytoplankton biomass (up to 2.46 J.1g Chl.a/l). Those areas of enhanced biomass were diatom-dominated; the Prymnesiophyceae Phaeocystis was abundant in some stations. Both fronts presented similar values of chlorophyll-a, indicating that environments with distinctive characteristics could support blooms of the same magnitude. Weakly silicified diatoms (Hemiaulus, Leptocylindrus, Thalassiosira) dominated to the north of the BMCZ, while heavily silicified species (Asteromphalus, Chaetoceros aff.neglectus, Fragillariopsis kerguelensis, Proboscia, Pseudonitzschia sp., Rhizosolenia) formed the buIk of phytoplankton at the PF, reflecting the different chemical characteristics of the water masses. The diatoms occurring in the PF appear to be recurrent and widely distributed along different longitudes over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates were dominant at 8ubtropical Water and to the north ofBMCZ, and seemed to respond quickly to the increasing phytoplankton biomass.

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12.

Composição, abundância e distribuição espacial do zooplâncton no complexo estuarino de Paranaguá durante o inverno de 1993 e o verão de 1994
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Lopes, Rubens M.

; Vale, Rosinei do

; Brandini, Frederico P.

Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia

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1998, Volume 46 N. 2 Pages 195 - 211

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A estrutura das associações zooplanctônicas do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá foi estudada no inverno de 1993 e no verão de 1994. Copépodes dos gêneros Acartia, Paracalanus, Parvocalanus, Temora, Pseudodiaptomus, Oithona e Euterpina foram dominantes, atingindo até cerca de 90% da densidade total. A única espécie que ocorreu preferencialmente em salinidades inferiores a 15 foi o calanóide Pseudodiaptomus richardi, que representa o principal componente do holoplncton nos setores oligohalinos. Acartia tonsa e Oithona oswaldocruzi predominaram nos trechos intermediários, associadas a outras espécies estuarino-marinhas que suportam maiores variações de salinidade, como Acartia lilljeborgi, Pseudodiaptomus acutus e Oithona hebes. Espécies marinho-eurihalinas como Temora turbinata, Paraca/anus quasimodo, Oithona simplex e Euterpina acutifrons ocorreram em salinidades tão baixas quanto 15, mas foram mais abundantes na área externa influenciada pela água costeira. Várias espécies marinho-estenohalinas, associadas principalmente às águas quentes da Corrente do Brasil, foram registradas no setor euhalino. Outros grupos zooplanctônicos numericamente importantes foram os tintinineos, apendiculárias, cladóceros e alguns representantes do meroplncton, como as larvas de poliquetas e decápodes. Os máximos de abundncia do zooplncton (até cerca de 82000 org.m-3) ocorreram nos setores intermediários, em salinidades variando entre 15 e 30, coincidindo aproximadamente com o padrão de distribuição da biomassa fitoplanctônica.

Zooplankton community structure was investigated in the estuarine complex of Paranaguá (Southern Brazil) during July 1993 (winter) and February-March 1994 (summer). Copepods belonging to the genera Acartia, Paracalanus, Parvocalanus, Pseudodiaptomus, Temora, Oithona and Euterpina dominated the zooplankton associations, attaining up to 90% of total densities. Pseudodiaptomus richardi was the dominant estuarine copepod in oligohaline stretches with salinities below 15. Estuarine marine species such as Acartia tonsa, Oithona hebes and Oithona oswaldocruzi reached high densities in salinities ranging from 17 to 25. Other abundant estuarine marine species including Acartia lilljeborgi and Pseudodiaptomus acutus occurred in a broader salinity range. Marine euryhaline copepods were found in salinities as low as 15, but were usually more abundant in areas under the influence of coastal waters. Several marine stenohaline species associated with the warm waters of the Brazil Current were recorded in the euhaline areas. Other important zooplanktonic groups in this estuarine complex were tintinnids, appendicularians, cladocerans and meroplanktonic larvae of polychaetes and decapods. Density maxima (up to 82400 org.m-³) were found in the intermediate stretches - in salinities varying from 15 to 30 - corresponding approximately to the distributional pattern of phytoplankton biomass.

4465 downloads

13.

Microalgae of the continental shelf off Paraná State, southeastern Brazil: a review of studies
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Brandini, Frederico P.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia

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1996, Volume 44 N. 1 Pages 69 - 80

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O trabalho é uma revisão dos estudos taxonômicos e ecológicos das microalgas (planctônicas e bentônicas) realizados no Estado do Paraná. A maioria dos trabalhos sobre microfitobentos são de caráter taxonômico e, basicamente, referem-se à diatomáceas bênticas sobre macroalgas ou fundos lodosos e consolidados. Poucos trabalhos contribuiram para o estudo da dinâmica espaço-temporal do fitoplâncton em áreas costeiras e de plataforma. São descritos os padrões de distribuição geográfica e as mudanças sazonais na comunidade fitoplanctônica em relação ao regime hidrográfico. No verão, quando águas quentes oligotróficas predominam na superfície, o fitoplâncton é numericamente dominado por nanoflagelados, dinoflagelados, cocolitoforídeos e cianobactérias ftlamentosas. No inverno, as diatomáceas do microplâncton são em geral mais abundantes devido ao domínio de águas frias ricas em nutrientes. A comunidade fitoplanctônica da plataforma paranaense pode ser classificada em duas categorias: as associações costeira, sujeitas ao aporte de nutrientes pela drenagem continental e ressuspensão do sedimento, e a comunidade da plataforma afastada da costa, mais afetada pela sasonalidade do regime hidrográfico.

The paper reviews the taxonomic and ecological works on marine microalgae (phytoplankton and microphytobenthos) off Paraná State, Southeastern Brazil. Various studies refer to the taxonomy of benthic diatoms. Few descriptive field works in coastal and adjacent shelf waters contribute to the understanding of phytoplankton dynamics in coastal and shelf areas. Patterns of geographic distribution and changes in the phytoplankton community are described in relation to water masses and seasonal variations in the hydrographic regime. During summertime, when warm oligotrophic waters predominate over the shelf, the phytoplankton is nummerically dominated by small phytotlagellates, dinotlagellates, coccolithophorids and filaments of cyanobacteria. During wintertime, the abundance of micro-size diatoms over the shclf increase due to the dominance of cold nutrient-rich waters from the South Atlantic Central Water and wind-driven vertical circulation. The phytoplankton community off Paraná State may be classified into two categorics: the diatom-dominated coastal assemblage, mainly controlled by nutrient inputs from land drainage and ressuspension of bottom sediments, and the tlagellate-dominated shelf assemblage, more affectcd by the seasonality of local hydrographic regime.

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14.

Produção primária e características fotossintéticas do fitoplâncton na região sueste do Brasil
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Brandini, Frederico Pereira

Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico

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1990, Volume 38 N. 2 Pages 147 - 159

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Taxas de produção primária do fitoplâncton (C-14) foram obtidas em 14 estações da plataforma intermediária e áreas oceânicas da região sueste do Brasil, no inverno de 1982 e outono de 1983.0 cálculo da produção na zona eufórica foi feito utilizando-se o método in situ simulado. Em duas ocasiões, a taxa de produção foi estimada com base nos dados de clorofila-a e radiação solar diária, e os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os obtidos pelo método in situ simulado. A taxa de produção variou de 0,04-0,49 gC/m²/d. Os resultados obtidos com o método da clorofila foram cerca de 35% menores. Além dos experimentos de produção, foram estudadas as características fotossintéticas do fitoplâncton através da relação fotossíntese x luz. O número de assimilação cresceu com a profundidade indicando uma fotoadaptação das populações fitoplanctônicas dos estratos intermediários da zona eufórica (30-60% de luz), em relação às populações de superfície.

Primary production of phytoplankton (C-14) was obtained at coastal, mid-shelf and oceanic stations off the Southeastern Brazil, with the in situ simulated method. Productivity rates in the euphotic zone were calculated at two stations using chlorophyll and light data and the results were 35% lower than those obtained by the simulated in situ method. Primary production rates varied from 0.04-0.49 gC/m²/d in winter 1982, and from 0.1-032 gC/m²/d in autumn 1983. In addition, photosynthetic characteristics of the phytoplankton were studied. The P x I curves and the vertical distribution of assimilation number indicated a better photoadaptation of the sub-surface phytoplankton in relation to the surface populations.

4521 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

15.

Hydrography, phytoplankton biomass and photosynthesis in shelf and oceanic waters off southeastern Brazil during autumn (may/june, 1983)
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Brandini, Frederico Pereira

Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico

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1988, Volume 36 N. 1-2 Pages 63 - 72

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os padrões de distribuição espacial de parâmetros hidrográficos, clorofila-a e fotossíntese do fitoplancton são estudados em relação ao regime oceanográfico da região sueste do Brasil nos meses de maio e junho de 1983. A região oceânica foi totalmente dominada pela Agua Tropical da Corrente do Brasil (AT) com características oligotróficas e a maior parte das areas sobre a plataforma continental foram ocupadas pela Água de Plataforma formada pela mistura da AT com aguas costeiras. A temperatura e a salinidade a 5 m de profundidade variaram de 21 a 25º C e de 33,00 a 37,11, respectivamente. Os nutrientes nitrato+nitrito, fosfato e silicato na superfície variaram de 1,0 - 3,0, 0,1 - 0,9 e 5 - 25 µg-at/l, respectivamente. As maiores concentrações foram obtidas nas areas costeiras e nas camadas profundas da Agua Central do Atlântico Sul (ACAS). As concentrações de clorofila-a em águas de superfície na região costeira variaram de 0,35 a 1,48 mg/m³ com máximos obtidos na Baía de Paranaguá (PR) e nas áreas costeiras ao sul de Santa Catarina. Baixas concentrações em torno de 0,20 mg/m³ e uma distribuição horizontal uniforme foram observadas na maioria das áreas de plataforma e oceânicas adjacentes. Concentrações comparativamente mais altas foram detectadas sobre o talude continental em frente a Paranaguá, possivelmente relacionadas com a ocorrência de ressurgencias de borda de plataforma. A distribuição vertical foi estratificada nas estações costeiras e relativamente uniforme em estações afastadas da costa, apesar da ocorrência de alguns picos sub-superficiais em algumas estações de plataforma. A concentração de clorofila-a na zona eufótica variou de 2,70 a 28,06 mg/m². A taxa fotossintética na superfície variou de 0,4 a 7,7 mgC/mgClor-a/hr, com máximos obtidos nas áreas costeiras . A distribuição vertical foi irregular e estratificada nas estações costeiras e homogênea nas estações oceânicas.

Spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton photosynthesis and nutrients were studied in relation to the hydrographic environment of the southeastern Brazil from May 3 to June 31 of 1983 during an oceanographia cruise conducted by the R/V "Almirante Saldanha" of the Brazilian Navy. Temperature and salinity at 5 meters depth ranged from 21 to 25º C and from 33.00 to 37.11, respectively. The concentration of nutrients varied, nitrate + nitrite-N from 1.0-3.0 µg-at/l, phosphate-P 0.1-0.9 µg-at/l and silicate-Si 5-25 µg-at/l. The chlorophyll-a concentrations along the coast varied from 0.35 to 1.48 mg/m³ with maxima in front of Paranaguá Bay (PR) and over the southern shelf of Santa Catarina State. Low concentrations around 0.20 mg/m³ of uniform distribution were observed in shelf and off-shelf areas. Comparatively high concentrations were measured over the shelf break zone in front of Paranaguá Bay indicationg the occurrence of shelf break upwelling of deep nutrient rich waters. The pattern of vertical distribution was stratified and irregular in coastal stations and uniform in shelf and oceanic waters although some subsurface peaks were sometimes detected. The integrated chlorophyll values within the euphotic layer varied between 2.70 and 28.06 mg/m². The surface photo synthetic capacity varied from 0.4 to 7.7 mgC/mgChl.a/hr with higher values obtained in coastal areas.. The vertical distributions were variable in coastal areas and more uniform in mid-shelf stations. Sub-surface maxima of photosynthesis were detected in both nearshore and off-shore stations, and surface inhibition was not observed.

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