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Capillary electromigration techniques can be understood as the ones used to separate neutral compounds, solvated ions and ionized species, considering the differentiated migration among them when an electrical field is applied within a capillary column filled with a background electrolyte. Several existing capillary electrophoresis setups provide the possibility of developing reliable quantitative assays of inorganic ions, organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, macromolecules, and more. Therefore, given the chemical complexity of bodily fluid matrices, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and its variations present themselves as an advantageous strategy for enhancing traditional clinical diagnostic methods and for the development of new ones. The recent advances in the study of the human metabolome associated with technological improvements towards medical applications make CE a very useful and versatile technique for clinical laboratory assays. Within this context, this review has the purpose of presenting some traditional methods used for exams of blood, urine, saliva, feces, and sweat, and how CE can be implemented as a real alternative to enable faster, automated, and cost-effective analysis with a comprehensive perspective that shall result in better diagnostic possibilities for patients, being a powerful tool for helping physicians on the precision medicine achievements. compounds species electrolyte acids carbohydrates proteins hormones vitamins macromolecules more Therefore matrices (CE context blood urine saliva feces sweat faster automated costeffective cost effective patients achievements

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230096

Recent and historical developments in chelated fertilizers as plant nutritional sources, their usage efficiency, and application methods
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Areche, F. Ore

; Aguilar, S. Vivanco

; More López, J. M.

; Castañeda Chirre, E. T.

; Sumarriva-Bustinza, L. A.

; Pacovilca-Alejo, O. V.

; Camposano Córdova, Y. F.

; Montesinos, C. C. Zea

; Quincho Astete, J. A.

; Quispe-Vidalon, D.

; Brito Mallqui, C. H.

; Camayo-Lapa, B. F.

; Malpartida Yapias, R. J.

; Corilla Flores, D. D.

; Salas-Contreras, W. H.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e271055

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Chelates are nutrient-rich compounds that enhance the condition of plant tissues as micronutrients. Micronutrient deficiencies particularly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) leads to various problems for plant including chlorosis and necrosis etc. An adequate intake of Fe and Zn etc. is required by the human body. Biofortification of cereals with Fe and Zn is seen as a cost-effective solution to the problem of Fe and Zn deficiencies as well. In recent decades, many chelating compounds have been established and incorporated into agricultural systems. The most recent formulation involves the use of amino acids synthesized with one or more nutrient ions to improve fertilizer efficiency and better respond to environmental conservation. In addition to its primary function as a source of micronutrients, aminochelled are an active nitrogen (N) stimulant in plant nutrition, preventing the negative effects of basic N fertilizers like urea. The use of amino chelates, rather than just chemical fertilizers, has been shown to provide better production and quality as well as higher nutritional concentrations in several experiments. Furthermore, this review sheds light on various aspects of amino chelates fertilizers including types, history, and their effects on agricultural crops. In spite of amino chelates fast dominance in many countries’ fertilizer countries, there is not enough scientific data and knowledge on the specific reactions of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses from amino fertilizers.

Resumo Os quelatos são compostos ricos em nutrientes que melhoram a condição dos tecidos vegetais como micronutrientes. Deficiências de micronutrientes, particularmente ferro (Fe) e zinco (Zn), levam a vários problemas para as plantas, incluindo clorose e necrose, etc. A ingestão de uma quantidade adequada de Fe e Zn, etc., é exigida pelo corpo humano. A biofortificação de cereais com Fe e Zn também é vista como uma solução econômica para o problema das deficiências de Fe e Zn. Nas últimas décadas, muitos compostos quelantes foram estabelecidos e incorporados em sistemas agrícolas. A formulação mais recente envolve o uso de aminoácidos sintetizados com um ou mais íons nutrientes para melhorar a eficiência do fertilizante e responder melhor à conservação ambiental. Além de sua função primária como fonte de micronutrientes, os aminoquelados são um estimulante de nitrogênio (N) ativo na nutrição das plantas, evitando os efeitos negativos de fertilizantes nitrogenados básicos como a ureia. O uso de aminoquelatos, ao invés de apenas fertilizantes químicos, tem mostrado proporcionar melhor produção e qualidade, bem como maiores concentrações nutricionais em vários experimentos. Além disso, a presente revisão lança luz sobre vários aspectos dos fertilizantes aminoquelatos, incluindo tipos, história e seus efeitos nas culturas agrícolas. Apesar do domínio rápido dos aminoquelatos em muitos países de fertilizantes, não há dados científicos suficientes e conhecimento sobre as reações específicas das plantas aos estresses bióticos e abióticos dos fertilizantes amino.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.271055

Resistance determinants of emerging pathogens isolated from an intensive care unit as a parameter of population health conditions of the Legal Amazon microregion
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Deusdará, T. T.

; Felix, M. K. C.

; Brito, H. S.

; Ribeiro, D. R.

; Cangussu, E. W. S.

; Albuquerque, B.

; Santos, G. R.

; Chaves, J. R.

; Carvalho, W. C. R.

; Astolfi-Filho, S.

; Assunção, E. N.

; Mariúba, L. A. M.

; Nogueira, P. A.

; Viana, K. F.

; Brandi, I. V.

; Cangussu, A. S. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e269778

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.

Resumo As bactérias responsáveis por causar infecções são comuns em ambientes hospitalares, água, solo e produtos alimentícios. O risco de infecção é intensificado pela ausência de saneamento público, má qualidade de vida e escassez de alimentos. Esses fatores externos promovem a disseminação de patógenos por contaminação direta ou formação de biofilme. Neste trabalho, identificamos isolados bacterianos obtidos de unidades de terapia intensiva na região sul do Tocantins, Brasil. Comparamos técnicas de espectrometria de massa de tempo de voo com ionização por dessorção a laser assistida por matriz (MALDI-TOF MS) e análise molecular de ácido ribonucleico ribossômico 16S (rRNA); também realizamos caracterização fenotípica. Cinquenta e seis isolados caracterizados por testes morfotintoriais foram classificados como gram-positivos (80,3%; n = 45) e gram-negativos (19,6%; n = 11) e foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos; notavelmente, identificamos o gene de resistência blaOXA-23 no isolado de ILH10. A identificação microbiana usando MALDI-TOF MS resultou na identificação de Sphingomonas paucimobilis e Bacillus circulans. O sequenciamento do 16S rRNA revelou quatro isolados pertencentes aos gêneros Bacillus e Acinetobacter. A similaridade foi superior a 99% para Acinetobacter schindleri no BLAST, agrupado no clado superior a 90%. Várias cepas isoladas de ICU foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos. Essas técnicas permitiram a identificação de diversos microrganismos de importância em saúde pública, possibilitando melhorias no controle de infecções humanas e comprovando a qualidade dos insumos, alimentos e água.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.269778

Does silicon attenuate PEG 6000-induced water deficit in germination and growth initial the seedlings corn
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Sousa, L. I. S.

; Brito, A. E. A.

; Souza, L. C.

; Teixeira, K. B. S.

; Nascimento, V. R.

; Albuquerque, G. D. P.

; Oliveira Neto, C. F.

; Okumura, R. S.

; Nogueira, G. A. S.

; Freitas, J. M. N.

; Monteiro, G. G. T. N.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e265991

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Water stress limits the initial growth and development of maize mass and grain, as well as the physiological process for absorbing the amount of mineral elements. The objective was to evaluate the effect of silicon on germination and growth of corn seedlings submitted to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory and the experimental design was completely randomized (factorial 3 × 4), with three concentrations of calcium silicate (0.0; 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and 4 solutions of PEG-6000 to simulate different osmotic potentials (0, 0; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9 MPa). Germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), percentage of non-germinated and abnormal germinated, length and dry matter of shoot, root and total seedlings were evaluated. Water deficiency reduced the parameters TG, GSI and MGT. The water deficit reduce the MSPA, MSR and MST with more than 80% reduction in mass from seedlings without deficiency to seedlings with deficiency. For CPA, CR and CT there was a reduction of at least 87%, 70% and 77%, respectively, among seeds without deficiency compared to seeds submitted to deficiency. The use of silicon in corn seeds did not attenuate the stress caused by water deficit simulated by PEG-6000.

Resumo O estresse hídrico limita o crescimento inicial e o desenvolvimento da massa e do grão de milho, assim como no processo fisiológico para a absorção da quantidade de elementos minerais. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do silício na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas de milho submetidas a deficiência hídrica. O experimento foi desenvolvido em laboratório e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) (fatorial 3 × 4), sendo três concentrações de Silicato de cálcio (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mM) e 4 soluções de PEG-6000 a simular diferentes potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 MPa). Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), a porcentagem de não germinadas e de germinadas anormais, o comprimento e matéria seca da parte aérea, raiz e total das plântulas. A deficiência hídrica diminuiu os parâmetros TG, IVG e TMG. O déficit hídrico reduz a MSPA, MSR e MST com mais de 80% de redução da massa das plântulas sem deficiência para as plântulas com deficiência. Para CPA, CR e CT houve redução de, no mínimo, 87%, 70% e 77%, respectivamente entre as sementes sem deficiência em comparação as sementes submetidas a deficiência. A utilização de silício em sementes de milho não atenuou o estresse causado pela deficiência hídrica simulada por PEG-6000.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.265991

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL SOIL ATTRIBUTES OF OFF-SEASON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE SAVANNAH OF MARANHÃO STATE, BRAZIL
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Brito, Lucélia de C. R. de

; Souza, Henrique A. de

; Deon, Diana S.

; Souza, Ivanderlete M. de

; Santos, Smaiello F. da C. B. dos

; Sobral, Amanda H. S.

Engenharia Agrícola

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2023, Volume 43 N. 2 elocation e20220181

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Management of agricultural production systems interferes with greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, thereby altering physical, chemical, and biological attributes of soil; therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between soil attributes and GHG emissions. This study evaluated GHG emissions and their relationship with soil attributes in off-season soybean, maize, brachiaria and eucalyptus production systems. The experiment was carried out in Brejo, Maranhão, Brazil, with soybean ( Glycine max ), maize ( Zea mays ), brachiaria ( Urochloa ruzizienses ), and eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis ). Fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) were evaluated using air samples analyzed by gas chromatography. Soil attributes were ammonium and nitrate contents, total organic carbon, moisture, pH, density, total porosity, and water-filled pore space. N2O flux was 287.1 µg m-2 h -1 for eucalyptus cultivation, while areas cultivated with soybeans, maize and brachiaria had influxes of 46.7, 7.2, and 13.17 µg m-2 h-1, respectively. In the off-season, the highest emissions of N2O and CO2 were measured in eucalyptus areas due to soil moisture and porosity conditions provided by accumulation of litter on the soil surface.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v43n2e20220181/2023

Physiology and growth of maize under salinity of water and application of hydrogen peroxide
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Lacerda, Francisco H. D.

; Pereira, Francisco H. F.

; Silva, Francisco de A. da

; Queiroga, Fabio M. de

; Brito, Marcos E. B.

; Medeiros, Joyce E. de

; Dias, Mirandy dos S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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nov 2022, Volume 26 N. 11 Pages 771 - 779

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A salinidade da água de irrigação ou do solo são fatores abióticos que mais impacta negativamente na produtividade das culturas, entre elas, o milho verde, sendo necessário encontrar alternativas para garantir a produção. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar as trocas gasosas, os pigmentos fotossintéticos e o crescimento do milho sob salinidade da água de irrigação e aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, Pombal, PB, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2015, utilizando-se do híbrido de milho ‘AG 1051’. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,3 e 2,0 dS m-1) e cinco concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio (0, 40, 80, 160 e 320 µmol L-1) aplicadas via água de irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 2 × 5, com quatro repetições. A CEa de 2,0 dS m-1 reduz a transpiração, condutância estomática, clorofila total, carotenóides e crescimento inicial, mas não afeta o acúmulo de massa seca das plantas de milho. A aplicação de H2O2 via solo variando de 0 a 320 µmol L-1 promoveu redução na taxa de assimilação de CO2 e transpiração, bem como em concentrações de 0 a 160 µmol L-1 para condutância estomática de plantas irrigadas com CEa de 2,0 dS m-1. Aplicação de H2O2 via solo até a concentração de 320 µmol L-1 aumentou a altura de plantas, porém reduziu o diâmetro do colmo de milho.

ABSTRACT The salinity of irrigation water or soil is the abiotic factor that most negatively impacts the yield of crops, including green maize, so it is necessary to find alternatives to ensure production. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of maize under salinity of irrigation water and application of hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was conducted at the Center of Sciences and Agrifood Technology, Pombal, PB, belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the period from January to February 2015, using the maize hybrid ‘AG 1051’. The treatments consisted of two salinity levels of irrigation water (0.3 and 2.0 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 40, 80, 160, and 320 µmol L-1) applied via irrigation water. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates. ECw of 2.0 dS m-1 reduces transpiration, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and initial growth, but does not affect the dry mass accumulation of maize plants. Application of H2O2 via soil varying from 0 to 320 µmol L-1 causes reductions in the CO2 assimilation rate and transpiration, as well as at concentrations from 0 to 160 µmol L-1 for stomatal conductance of plants irrigated with ECw of 2.0 dS m-1. Application of H2O2 via soil up to a concentration of 320 µmol L-1 increases the plant height, but reduces culm diameter of maize.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n11p771-779

Biologically Active Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Produced by Rhizospheric Actinobacteria Strains Inhibit the Growth of the Phytopathogen Colletotrichum musae
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Brito, Maria V. de

; Fonseca, Wéverson L.

; Mafezoli, Jair

; Barbosa, Francisco G.

; Nunes, Fátima M.

; Mattos, Marcos C. de

; Santos, João E. A. dos

; Araujo, Francisca S. A.

; Vieira, Regimara F. B. S.

; Magalhães, Hilton C. R.

; Muniz, Celli R.

; Garruti, Deborah S.

; Ootani, Marcio A.

; Souza Netto, José M.

; Pinto, Licarion

; Viana, Francisco M. P.

; Oliveira, Maria C. F.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2022, Volume 33 N. 10 Pages 1172 - 1189

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The antifungal potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by actinobacterial strains Streptomyces sp. (ACTB-77) and Amycolatopsis sp. (ACTB-290) from the rhizosphere of Caatinga plants against Colletotrichum musae was investigated. VOCs produced by these microorganisms (axenic and co-culture) were investigated using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although no exclusive VOC peaks were observed in the co-culture with ACTB-77, the same experiment involving ACTB-290 yielded five new peaks, including two identified alcohols, suggested as bioreductive products of the corresponding ketones by the fungus. Statistical analysis revealed that co-culture ACTB-77/C. musae has a closer similarity to the fungus than to the actinobacteria, while the co culture ACTB-290/C. musae showed closer similarity to the actinobacteria. These confirmed the more pronounced antifungal activity of the ACTB-290 strain, as observed in the fungus growth inhibition experiments. The antifungal activity of ACTB-290 was associated to its sulfur-containing metabolites, while linalool was suggested as responsible for the ACTB-77 activity.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220037

Mitigation of the effects of salt stress in cowpea bean through the exogenous aplication of brassinosteroid
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Sousa, D. J. P.

; Nogueira, G. A. S.

; Teixeira, K. B. S.

; Monteiro, G. G. T. N.

; Brito, A. E. A.

; Nascimento, V. R.

; Albuquerque, G. D. P.

; Oliveira, T. J. M.

; Souza, L. C.

; Freitas, J. M. N.

; Oliveira Neto, C. F.

; Okumura, R. S.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e260818

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) é uma leguminosa amplamente cultivada por pequenos, médios e grandes produtores em diversas regiões brasileiras. No entanto, uma das preocupações para a produção de feijão-caupi no Brasil nos últimos anos é a baixa atividade pluviométrica nessas regiões, o que gera o acúmulo de sais na superfície. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse salino nos parâmetros de crescimento e atividade enzimática em plantas de feijão-caupi em diferentes concentrações de brassinosteróides. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 3. Os tratamentos consistiram de três níveis de brassinosteróides (0, 3 e 6 µM EBL) e três níveis de estresse salino (0, 50 e 100 mM NaCl). Os fatores de crescimento (altura, diâmetro e número de folhas) diminuíram na condição salina. Com a presença do brassinosteroide a altura não aumentou, mas o número de folhas sim, principalmente na dosagem salina de 100 mM NaCl. Na variável integridade de membrana, o brassinosteróide foi eficiente em ambas as dosagens de salinidade, o mesmo não ocorrendo com o teor relativo de água, onde a condição salina não afetou a quantidade de água na hortaliça, com a aplicação de brassino manteve-se elevada, diminuindo apenas na dosagem de NaCl 100 mM. A enzima nitrato redutase foi bastante afetada no sistema radicular mesmo com a aplicação de doses crescentes de brassino. Portanto, o uso de brassinosteroides como promotor de tolerância salina em plântulas de feijão-caupi foi positivo. A concentração de 3µM de EBL proporcionou o efeito mais satisfatório em tolerar os efeitos deletérios da condição salina. O mesmo não pode ser concluído para a concentração de 6µM de EBL que não promoveu tolerância a algumas variáveis.

Abstract Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume widely cultivated by small, medium and large producers in several Brazilian regions. However, one of the concerns for the production of cowpea in Brazil in recent years is the low rainfall activity in these regions, which generates the accumulation of salts on the surface. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on growth parameters and enzyme activity in cowpea plants at different concentrations of brassinosteroids. Experiment was developed in a greenhouse using a completely randomized experimental design in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of three levels of brassinosteroids (0, 3 and 6 µM EBL) and three levels of salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). Growth factors (height, diameter and number of leaves) decreased in the saline condition. With the presence of brassinosteroid the height did not increase, but the number of leaves did, mainly in the saline dosage of 100 mM NaCl. In the variable membrane integrity, brassinosteroid was efficient in both salinity dosages, the same not happening with the relative water content, where the saline condition did not affect the amount of water in the vegetable, with the application of brassino it remained high, decreasing only at dosage 100 mM NaCl. The nitrate reductase enzyme was greatly affected in the root system even with the application of increasing doses of brassino. Therefore, brassinosteroids as a promoter of saline tolerance in cowpea seedlings was positive. The concentration of 3µM of EBL provided the most satisfactory effect in tolerating the deleterious effects of the saline condition. The same cannot be concluded for the concentration of 6µM of EBL that did not promote tolerance to some variables.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.260818

Integrated UPLC-HRMS, Chemometric Tools, and Metabolomic Analysis of Forage Palm (Opuntia spp. and Nopalea spp.) to Define Biomarkers Associated with Non-Susceptibility to Carmine Cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae)
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Matos, Thiago Kelvin B.

; Guedes, Jhonyson A. C.

; Alves Filho, Elenilson G.

; Luz, Licia R.

; Lopes, Gisele Simone

; Nascimento, Ronaldo F. do

; Sousa, João A. de

; Canuto, Kirley M.

; Brito, Edy S. de

; Dias-Pini, Nivia S.

; Zocolo, Guilherme J.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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aug 2021, Volume 32 N. 8 Pages 1617 - 1627

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Metabolomics, together with analytical methods and chemometric tools, point to new paths for selecting species that are resistant to pests and diseases. In this work, the forage palm species' metabolomic profile was investigated, and the relation between the chemical composition and resistance to Dactylopius opuntiae (carmine cochineal). The study was performed in cladodes of different non-susceptible cultivars (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Opuntia stricta (Haw.), Nopalea cochenillifera and susceptible cultivar (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.)). Metabolic profile showed 28 metabolites detected in the four species. From these total, 18 metabolites were annotated using UPLC-QTOF-MSE (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operating in MSE mode). By comparing the chemical profiles of non-susceptible and susceptible species through the application of chemometric tools, it was possible to obtain biomarkers (quercetin-3-O-2',6'-dirhamnosylglucoside, quercetin rhamnosyl dihexoside, and isorhamnetin-3-sophoroside-7-rhamnoside) that may be associated with resistance to carmine cochineal. Metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF-MSE and chemometric allowed to establish the biomarkers knowledge of the resistance present in forage palm species. These results contribute to developing the initial understanding of flavonoids' role in the defense mechanisms of cactaceans and can be useful for application in breeding programs; it can increase the chances of success in creating new varieties of plants not susceptible to carmine cochineal.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210060 76 downloads

10.

Checklist of mammals from Goiás, central Brazil
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Hannibal, Wellington

; Zortéa, Marlon

; Calaça, Analice M.

; Carmignotto, Ana Paula

; Bezerra, Alexandra M. R.

; Carvalho, Henrique G.

; Bonvicino, Cibele R.

; Martins, Ana C. M.

; Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S.

; Souza, Marcelino B. de

; Mattos, Ingrid de

; Oliveira, Roniel F.

; Brito, Daniel

; Silva, Diego A.

; Guimarães, Marco A.

; Carmo, Edwilson M. B. do

; Moreira, Jânio C.

Biota Neotropica

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2021, Volume 21 N. 3 elocation e20201173

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: O estado de Goiás, no Brasil central, é coberto principalmente pelo domínio do Cerrado, com a Mata Atlântica do Alto Paraná ocupando sua porção centro-sul. Goiás é uma das 20 unidades federativas brasileiras que ainda não possui uma lista de espécies de mamíferos. Neste estudo, apresentamos a primeira lista de mamíferos para o estado. Registramos as espécies de mamíferos com base principalmente na análise de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas, bem como na literatura apresentando material testemunho associado. Listamos 191 espécies pertencentes a 125 gêneros, 31 famílias e 10 ordens, as quais representam 25,2% das espécies de mamíferos que ocorrem no Brasil. As ordens mais especiosas foram Chiroptera (90 spp.), seguida pelas ordens Rodentia (43 spp.), Carnivora (19 spp.) e Didelphimorphia (17 spp.), com as demais ordens respondendo por uma porção menor da diversidade: Cetartiodactyla (7 spp.), Cingulata (7 spp.), Primates (4 spp.), Pilosa (2 spp.), Lagomorpha (1 sp.) e Perissodactyla (1 sp.). Um total de 28 espécies (14,7%), principalmente representadas por mamíferos de médio e grande porte, estão ameaçadas nacionalmente e 12 (6,3%) encontram-se globalmente ameaçadas. Nossos resultados indicaram grandes porções do estado ainda não devidamente pesquisadas em relação aos seus mamíferos, com informações escassas e fragmentadas, principalmente no que diz respeito à sua porção noroeste. Discutimos a riqueza de espécies, a distribuição e o estado de conservação dos mamíferos do estado de Goiás nos cenários nacional e regional. Ressaltamos a importância da realização de inventários que utilizem técnicas complementares de amostragem, incluindo a coleta de material testemunho, proporcionando a obtenção de dados cariotípicos, moleculares, morfológicos, parasitológicos e ecológicos. Estas informações são a base de estudos integrativos, os quais aumentam nossa compreensão a respeito da riqueza e diversidade atual dos mamíferos. O conhecimento a respeito da distribuição da riqueza de espécies em Goiás é essencial para embasar estratégias de conservação, tão necessárias em áreas que vem sofrendo com a perda e fragmentação de seus hábitats naturais, como a porção centro-sul do estado.

Abstract: The state of Goiás, in central Brazil, is covered mainly by the Cerrado domain, with the Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest occupying its central-southern portion. Goiás is one of the 20 Brazilian federative units without a mammal checklist. In this study, we provide the first checklist of mammals from Goiás state. We recorded mammal species based primarily on the analysis of specimens housed in scientific collections as well as on literature with associated voucher material. We listed 191 mammalian species belonging to 125 genera, 31 families and 10 orders, which represents 25.2% of the mammal species occurring in Brazil. The most speciose orders were Chiroptera (90 spp.), followed by Rodentia (43 spp.), Carnivora (19 spp.) and Didelphimorphia (17 spp.). The following orders accounted for a smaller portion of the state diversity: Cetartiodactyla (7 spp.), Cingulata (7 spp.), Primates (4 spp.), Pilosa (2 spp.), Lagomorpha (1 sp.), and Perissodactyla (1 sp.). A total of 28 species (14.7%), mainly represented by medium and large-sized mammals, are nationally threatened while 12 (6.3%) are globally threatened. Our results indicate great portions of the state lacking a proper survey of mammals, especially the northwestern portion. We discuss species richness, distribution and conservation status of the mammals of Goiás state in national and regional scenarios. We highlight the need for mammal inventories based on complementary survey techniques with the collection of vouchers in order to provide karyologic, molecular, morphologic, parasitologic, and ecological data. These informations are the basis for integrative studies that lead to the understanding of current mammalian richness and diversity. Indeed, knowledge on species richness distribution in the state will guide conservation strategies, especially in areas undergoing habitat loss and fragmentation, such as the central-southern portion of Goiás.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1173 309 downloads

11.

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations: an instrument to observe the 21cm hydrogen line in the redshift range 0.13 < z < 0.45 – status update
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WUENSCHE, CARLOS A.

; ABDALLA, ELCIO

; ABDALLA, FILIPE

; BAROSI, LUCIANO

; WANG, BIN

; AN, RUI

; BARRETOS, JOÃO A. M.

; BATTYE, RICHARD

; BRITO, FRANCISCO A.

; BROWNE, IAN

; CORREIA, DANIEL

; COSTA, ANDRÉ A.

; DELABROUILLE, JACQUES

; DICKINSON, CLIVE

; FENG, CHANG

; FERREIRA, ELISA G. M.

; FORNAZIER, KARIN

; DE GASPERIS, GIANCARLO

; GUTIERREZ, PRISCILA

; HARPER, STUART

; LANDIM, RICARDO G.

; LICCARDO, VINCENZO

; MA, YIN-ZHE

; MACHADO, TELMO

; MAFFEI, BRUNO

; MARINS, ALESSANDRO

; MENDES, MILENA M. M.

; MERICIA, EDUARDO

; MONSTEIN, CHRISTIAN

; MOTTA, PABLO

; NOVAES, CAMILA

; OTOBONE, CARLOS H.

; PEEL, MICHAEL

; QUEIROZ, AMILCAR R.

; RADCLIFFE, CHRISTOPHER

; REMAZEILLES, MATHIEU

; RIBEIRO, RAFAEL M. G.

; SANG, YU

; SANTOS, JULIANA F. R.

; SANTOS, LARISSA

; SANTOS, MARCELO. V.

; SHAN, CHENXI

; SILVA, GUSTAVO B.

; VIEIRA, FREDERICO

; VIEIRA, JORDANY

; VILLELA, THYRSO

; XIAO, LINFENG

; YANG, WEIQIANG

; ZHANG, JIAJUN

; ZHANG, XUE

; ZHU, ZENGHAO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 elocation e20201096

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract BINGO (BAO from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations) is a unique radio telescope designed to map the intensity of neutral hydrogen distribution at cosmological distances, making the first detection of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the frequency band 980 MHz - 1260 MHz, corresponding to a redshift range 0.127 < z < 0.449. BAO is one of the most powerful probes of cosmological parameters and BINGO was designed to detect the BAO signal to a level that makes it possible to put new constraints on the equation of state of dark energy. The telescope will be built in Paraíba, Brazil and consists of two \thicksim 40m mirrors, a feedhorn array of 50 horns, and no moving parts, working as a drift-scan instrument. It will cover a 15 ^{\circ} ∘ declination strip centered at \sim \delta ∼ δ =-15 ^{\circ} ∘, mapping \sim ∼ 5400 square degrees in the sky. The BINGO consortium is led by University of São Paulo with co-leadership at National Institute for Space Research and Campina Grande Federal University (Brazil). Telescope subsystems have already been fabricated and tested, and the dish and structure fabrication are expected to start in late 2020, as well as the road and terrain preparation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201096 413 downloads

12.

Metabolomics-Based Discovery of Biomarkers with Cytotoxic Potential in Extracts of Myracrodruon urundeuva
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Castro, Caio B.

; Luz, Licia R.

; Guedes, Jhonyson A. C.

; Porto, Diogo D.

; Silva, Maria Francilene S.

; Silva, Gisele S.

; Ribeiro, Paulo R. V.

; Canuto, Kirley M.

; Brito, Edy S.

; Zampieri, Dávila S.

; Pessoa, Claúdia Ó.

; Zocolo, Guilherme J.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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apr 2020, Volume 31 N. 4 Pages 775 - 787

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Myracrodruon urundeuva (“aroeira-do-sertão”) is a species threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic exploitation. Phytochemical analysis of bark, branch and leaf extracts revealed the presence of several compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quercetin derivatives and anacardic acids. Dereplication methodology was performed to tentatively identify 50 compounds analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operating in MSE mode (UPLC-QTOF-MSE). The extracts exhibited anti-tumor effect in cancer cells HCT-116 (colorectal), SF-295 (glioblastoma), HL-60 (leukemia), and RAJI (leukemia). Also, these results correlate with the principal component analysis (PCA) data that identified three distinct groups indicating, efficiently, metabolic differences between organs of M. urundeuva. Through discriminatory analysis of the orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS-DA), the variable of importance in the projection (VIP) and S-Plot, we were able to determine 30 potential biomarkers. The fingerprint of hydroethanolic extracts was correlated with the cytotoxicity assay and demonstrated a significant difference in the composition of plant extract.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190242 361 downloads

13.

DEVELOPMENT OF A START-UP OPERATION AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A THERMALLY COUPLED EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION SCHEME
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Vasconcelos, A. L. U.

; Figueirêdo, M. F.

; Carmo, S. K. S.

; Ramos, W. B.

; Vasconcelos, L. G. S.

; Brito, R. P.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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mar 2019, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 471 - 486

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The startup operation of distillation columns is one of the most complex steps performed in the industry. This complexity becomes even greater for thermally coupled extractive distillation systems. Thermally coupled configurations are commonly used in order to minimize the excessive amount of energy required to perform distillation. In view of this, this study aimed to develop a startup procedure for the thermally coupled extractive distillation system to obtain anhydrous ethanol by simulation using the computational package Aspen Plus Dynamics. From the startup procedure developed, the complex dynamic behavior of the system under study was analyzed (strong interaction between variables). Large variations in the stripping section of the extractive column were observed, resulting from the variation of the molar density of the liquid mixture in addition to the delay in the startup operation when the amount of ethanol in the recovery column increases.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20180053 1839 downloads

14.

Organophosphorus Pesticide in Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) Fruit
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Alcântara, Daniel B.

; Paz, Mario S. O.

; Rodrigues, Tigressa H. S.

; Fernandes, Tatiana S. M.

; Barbosa, Pablo G. A.

; Loiola, Adonay R.

; Grinberg, Patricia

; Zocolo, Guilherme J.

; Brito, Edy S. de

; Nascimento, Ronaldo F. do

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2018, Volume 29 N. 10 Pages 2180 - 2188

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A method based on QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection was described for the pesticides dichlorvos, disulfoton, ethoprophos, parathion methyl, fenchlorphos, chlorpyrifos, azinphos methyl and prothiofos in sapodilla. For all compounds studies, it was observed a strong matrix effect showing the need to use matrix matched calibration strategy. Method was validated, and good linearity (R > 0.99) was obtained for all pesticides studied with limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 mg kg-1 and 0.03 to 0.2 mg kg-1, respectively. Recovery studies were performed at different levels (0.08, 0.10, 0.14, 0.20, 0.35 and 1.17 mg kg-1) and showed good results (between 70 and 120% with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20%). A statistical test was applied to the coefficients of the analytical curves obtained in the sapodilla matrix. Analyses of commercial samples showed chlorpyrifos were detected in about 70 and 33% for fruit and pulps samples, respectively. It should be noted that chlorpyrifos is not permitted in sapodilla crops by ANVISA and EC guidelines.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180094 729 downloads

15.

Effect of carboxymethylcellulose on the rheological and filtration properties of bentonite clay samples determined by experimental planning and statistical analysis
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Brito, B. M. A.

; Bastos, P. M.

; Gama, A. J. A.

; Cartaxo, J. M.

; Neves, G. A.

; Ferreira, H. C.

Cerâmica

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jun 2018, Volume 64 N. 370 Pages 254 - 265

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Pesquisas utilizando delineamento de misturas e modelos estatísticos têm sido realizadas nos últimos anos. Por meio desta metodologia foram otimizadas/descobertas aplicações em várias áreas tecnológicas, principalmete em tecnologia de argilas. A influência da carboximetilcelulose sobre as propriedades reológicas e de filtração das dispersões de bentonita para aplicação em fluidos de perfuração base água, utilizando a técnica de planejamento experimental e análise estatística para misturas de argilas, foi estudada neste trabalho. As dispersões foram preparadas de acordo com a norma da Petrobras EP-1EP-00011-A que trata do ensaio de viscosificantes para fluidos de perfuração base água para prospecção de petróleo. As misturas de argilas foram transformadas em sódicas e posteriormente aditivadas com carboximetilcelulose de massa molar alta e baixa, com a finalidade de melhorar sua reologia e volume de filtrado. Foi utilizado o planejamento experimental e análise estatística para verificar seu efeito. Os modelos de regressão foram efetuados, fazendo uma relação entre as composições e as propriedades reológicas: viscosidade aparente, viscosidade plástica e volume de filtração. A significância e a validade dos modelos foram confirmadas. Os resultados mostraram que as superfícies de respostas 3D das composições aditivadas com carboximetilcelulose de alta massa molecular foram as que mais contribuíram para aumentar a viscosidade aparente e viscosidade plástica, e que as de baixa massa molecular foram que as mais auxiliaram na redução do volume de filtrado. Outra observação relevante é que o planejamento experimental com análise estatística pode ser utilizado como ferramenta auxiliar importante para otimizar as propriedades reológicas e volume de filtrado de dispersões de argilas bentoníticas para uso em fluídos de perfuração quando aditivadas com carboximetilcelulose.

Abstract Over the past few years, considerable research has been conducted using the techniques of mixture delineation and statistical modeling. Through this methodology, applications in various technological fields have been found/optimized, especially in clay technology, leading to greater efficiency and reliability. This work studied the influence of carboxymethylcellulose on the rheological and filtration properties of bentonite dispersions to be applied in water-based drilling fluids using experimental planning and statistical analysis for clay mixtures. The dispersions were prepared according to Petrobras standard EP-1EP-00011-A, which deals with the testing of water-based drilling fluid viscosifiers for oil prospecting. The clay mixtures were transformed into sodic compounds, and carboxymethylcellulose additives of high and low molar mass were added, in order to improve their rheology and filtrate volume. Experimental planning and statistical analysis were used to verify the effect. The regression models were calculated for the relation between the compositions and the following rheological properties: apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and filtrate volume. The significance and validity of the models were confirmed. The results showed that the 3D response surfaces of the compositions with high molecular weight carboxymethylcellulose added were the ones that most contributed to the rise in apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity, and that those with low molecular weight were the ones that most helped in the reduction of the filtrate volume. Another important observation is that the experimental planning and statistical analysis can be used as an important auxiliary tool to optimize the rheological properties and filtrate volume of bentonite clay dispersions for use in drilling fluids when carboxymethylcellulose is added.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132018643702332 1552 downloads

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