Electrospinning was used to produce poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based nanofibers containing nerolidol (NER) as the antimicrobial agent. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated the formation of homogeneous fibers in the absence of NER. However, its incorporation into the fiber prevented the complete solvent evaporation, ultimately leading to the coalescence of the fibers. It became more evident as the amount of NER increased from 0 to 50% m/v. The incorporation of NER also decreased the crystallinity of the fibers from 10 to ca. 6.5%. However, this decrease was not proportional to the concentration of NER. The contact angle results confirmed the presence of NER molecules on the surface of the fibers especially due to the increase of the contact angle from 0 (PVA/NER0) to 27.8º (PVA/NER50). The fibrous mats exhibited good antimicrobial activity, being even more efficient than the control in some cases, suggesting their potential for wound-dressing purposes.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas para prevenir o tratar la obesidad en adolescentes. Método: Se trató de una revisión integradora de la literatura, basada en la pregunta orientadora: “¿Cuál es la efectividad de las intervenciones de prevención / tratamiento de la obesidad en adolescentes?”. La búsqueda se realizó en seis bases de datos electrónicas en portugués, inglés y español en julio de 2020, lo que permitió identificar 5401 artículos. Resultados: Se identificaron 31 artículos que cubren intervenciones educativas basadas en el apoyo nutricional y psicológico, la actividad física y un estilo de vida saludable. Predominó la actividad física, las intervenciones interdisciplinarias conductuales, nutricionales y de estilo de vida. Las acciones tuvieron un efecto beneficioso sobre la calidad de vida de los participantes, el índice de masa corporal, los hábitos de ejercicio diario y la conducta alimentaria positiva entre los adolescentes. Las intervenciones para el control y la prevención de la obesidad analizadas en esta revisión tuvieron efectos positivos en la reducción del peso corporal. Conclusión: Los hallazgos señalaron la necesidad de realizar más estudios para tener un mayor control sobre los beneficios y la adherencia a las intervenciones destinadas a prevenir y tratar la obesidad

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a eficácia de intervenções educativas para prevenir ou tratar a obesidade em adolescentes. Método: Foi uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir da questão norteadora: "Qual a efetividade das intervenções de prevenção / tratamento da obesidade em adolescentes?" A busca foi realizada em seis bases de dados eletrônicas nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, em julho de 2020, o que permitiu a identificação de 5.401 artigos. Resultados: Foram identificados 31 artigos que abrangem intervenções educativas baseadas no suporte nutricional e psicológico, atividade física e estilo de vida saudável. Predominaram atividades físicas, intervenções interdisciplinares comportamentais, nutricionais e de estilo de vida. As ações tiveram um efeito benéfico na qualidade de vida dos participantes, índice de massa corporal, hábitos de exercícios diários e comportamento alimentar positivo entre adolescentes. As intervenções para controle e prevenção da obesidade analisadas nesta revisão tiveram efeitos positivos na redução do peso corporal. Conclusão: Os achados apontaram para a necessidade de mais estudos para maior controle dos benefícios e adesão às intervenções voltadas para a prevenção e tratamento da obesidade.

Abstract Objective: To identify the effectiveness of educational interventions to prevent or treat obesity in adolescents. Method: It was an integrative review of the literature, based on the guiding question: "What is the effectiveness of obesity prevention / treatment interventions in adolescents?" The search was carried out in six electronic databases in Portuguese, English and Spanish in July 2020, which allowed the identification of 5,401 articles. Results: 31 articles were identified that cover educational interventions based on nutritional and psychological support, physical activity and a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity, interdisciplinary behavioral, nutritional and lifestyle interventions predominated. The actions had a beneficial effect on the participants' quality of life, body mass index, daily exercise habits, and positive eating behavior among adolescents. The interventions for the control and prevention of obesity analyzed in this review had positive effects on reducing body weight. Conclusion: The findings pointed to the need for more studies to have greater control over the benefits and adherence to interventions aimed at preventing and treating obesity.

The electrospinning has been widely used in tissue engineering for the preparation of wound dressing with the most varied polymers and drugs. Considering that propolis has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory characteristics, the aim was to develop electrospun fibers from PBAT (poly (butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate)/PCL (poly(ε-caprolactone) containing propolis in order to promote antimicrobial action and the healing of wounds. By the optical microscopy analysis, the best parameter for obtaining the fibers was chosen: 16.5% (v/v) of propolis extract alcoholic solution, 14.0 cm needle-collector distance, 17.0 kV of voltage and 0.5 mL h-1 flow rate. The scanning electron microscopy demonstrated fiber diameters of 0.51 ± 0.12 μm for the polymer blend and 1.16 ± 0.98 μm for the blend with propolis. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed no evidence of chemical interaction with propolis, this being a physical interaction. This interaction was corroborated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) due to the variation in the heats involved, mainly in the aromatic part of the polymer blend, indicating a better interaction in the PBAT group. Finally, it was found that fibers presents propolis antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. The results indicate that this blend has a great potential to be used as a cutaneous dressing.

Abstract The no-tillage system associated with crops rotation affects the dynamics of soil organic matter, influencing the formation, reorganization and stabilization of aggregates and the carbon content (C) into soil aggregates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of crop rotations under no-tillage system on C content and soil aggregation. The experiment was conducted at the Paraná Agronomic Institute in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six crop rotations, in a 3-year cycle, arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Soil samples were collected at layers of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. The aggregate classification was determined by the wet sieving methodology, and the Weighted Mean Diameter (WMD), Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) and Aggregate Stability Index (ASI) were calculated. The C content in the aggregates was determined by wet oxidation. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. There was no difference among crop rotations for aggregate classes and aggregation indexes, but were higher in surface, decreasing in depth. The carbon content in the aggregates did not differ among crop rotations, but presented stratification in the soil profile, decreasing in depth. The cycle of three years with crop rotation was insufficient to express possible changes in soil C content and aggregation.

RESUMO O cromo é um metal tóxico amplamente utilizado em processos industriais, por isso a constante preocupação com os efluentes líquidos gerados. Uma vez lançados sem o devido tratamento podem comprometer a qualidade do corpo receptor. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o processo de biossorção na remoção de íons Cr(III) de soluções aquosas sintéticas e efluente de curtume utilizando como biossorvente a macrófita aquática Pistia stratiotes in natura (PN) e quimicamente modificada (PM) com hidróxido de sódio e ácido cítrico. Realizou-se o preparo, a caracterização dos biossorventes e os experimentos de biossorção. Os estudos de equilíbrio indicaram que a capacidade máxima de biossorção foi de 58,16 e 19,80 mg g-1 para PM e PN, respectivamente. Nos testes utilizando efluente bruto de curtume, a remoção de cromo foi de 28,26% para ambos os biossorventes, e no efluente da lagoa de tratamento biológico, a maior taxa de remoção do metal foi obtida pelo biossorvente PM, com 65,44%. Os resultados demonstraram que a utilização de P. stratiotes como biossorvente apresenta-se como uma alternativa eficaz e de baixo custo, porém estudos complementares são necessários a fim de avaliar sua aplicação em escala real.

ABSTRACT Chromium is a toxic metal widely used in industrial processes, so the concern with the liquid effluents generated is constant, that once released without proper treatment can compromise the quality of the receiver body. The study aimed at analyzing the process of biosorption in removing Cr(III) ions of synthetic aqueous solutions and tannery effluent using as biosorbent the Pistia stratiotes macrophyte in natura (PN) and chemically modified (PM) with sodium hydroxide and citric acid. The preparation, characterization of the biosorbents and the experiments of biosorption were performed. Equilibrium studies indicated that the maximum biosorption capacity for PM was 58.16 mg g-1 and 19.80 mg g-1 for PN. In the tests using raw effluent from tannery, chromium removal was 28.26% for both biosorbents, and in the effluent from biological treatment lagoon, the higher rate of metal removal was obtained by biosorbent PM with 65.44%. The results showed that the use of P. stratiotes as biosorbent may be an effective and low-cost alternative and that additional studies are needed to assess its full-scale application.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the costs of collecting equipment and adjuvants dispensed by the public service for patients with elimination ostomies. METHOD: an analytical cross-sectional study performed at an integrated health center in Teresina-PI, with 115 patients who received equipment and / or adjuvants for the ostomy. The data were collected in April and May of 2017, through an interview and review of medical records, using semi-structured form. The analysis was developed from descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: most of the patients were male (59.1%), married (59.1%), had primary education (55.7%), resided in Teresina (53.1%) and had a mean age of 58.41 years old. Trauma (R$ 302.50), provisional (R$ 293.75), lower than three years (R$ 289.84) and colostomy (R$ 306.29) had a higher average monthly cost, and herniation was the costliest complication (R$ 326.70). Patients who used a two-piece bag (R$ 317.50) and paste (R$ 324.00) had a higher average monthly cost. In addition, those with retraction (R$ 53.40) and stenosis (R$ 20.67) had higher average cost with adjuvants. There was a significant association between monthly cost and type of stoma (p <0.001), complications (p = 0.011), type of pouch (p <0.001) and adjuvants (p = 0.020). CONCLUSION: It was observed that numerous variables related to the ostomies, the collecting equipment and the adjuvants presented a significant association with the monthly costs. Given this, it is hoped to contribute to improved nursing care practice in the dispensing of materials and in the management of care for people with ostomies.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: evaluar costos de los equipos colectores y adicionales suministrados por servicios públicos para pacientes con estoma de eliminación. MÉTODO: estudio transversal analítico realizado en un centro integrado de salud de Teresina (PI) con 115 pacientes que recibieron equipos y/ o adicionales para estoma. Los datos se recogieron en abril y mayo de 2017 a través de entrevistas y revisión de expedientes, con cuestionario semiestructurado. El análisis se efectuó en base a estadística descriptiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: la mayoría de los pacientes era del sexo masculino (59,1%), casada (59,1%) con instrucción básica (55,7%), domiciliada en Teresina (53,1%) y edad promedio de 58, 41 años. Los estomas resultantes del trauma (R$ 302,50), los provisionales (R$ 293, 75), los inferiores a 3 años (R$ 289,84) y la colostomía (R$ 306,29) presentaron un costo superior al promedio mensual; la herniación fue la complicación de mayor costo (R$ 326,70). El costo promedio mensual de los pacientes que usaron bolsas de dos piezas (R$ 317,50) y pasta (R$ 324,00) fue mayor. Aquéllos con retracción (R$ 53,40) y estenosis (R$ 20,67) presentaron mayor costo promedio mensual con adicionales. Asociación significativa entre costo mensual y tipo de estoma (p<0,001), complicaciones (p=0,011), tipo de bolsa p<0,001 ) y adicionales (p=0,020). CONCLUSIÓN: variables vinculadas con estomas, equipos colectores y adicionales presentaron asociación significativa con costos mensuales. Se espera poder contribuir a mejorar la práctica asistencial de enfermería en el suministro de material y en gestión de la atención de personas con estoma.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: avaliar os custos de equipamentos coletores e adjuvantes dispensados pelo serviço público para pacientes com estomias de eliminação. MÉTODO: estudo transversal analítico realizado em um centro integrado de saúde em Teresina-PI, com 115 pacientes que receberam equipamentos e/ou adjuvantes para estomia. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de abril e maio de 2017, mediante entrevista e revisão de prontuário, utilizando formulário semiestruturado. A análise foi desenvolvida a partir de estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (59,1%), casado (59,1%), possuía ensino fundamental (55,7%), residia em Teresina (53,1%) e com idade média de 58,41 anos. As estomias decorrentes de trauma (R$ 302,50), as provisórias (R$ 293,75), as inferiores a três anos (R$ 289,84) e a colostomia (R$ 306,29) apresentaram maior custo médio mensal, sendo que a herniação foi a complicação com maior custo (R$ 326,70). Os pacientes que utilizaram bolsa de duas peças (R$ 317,50) e pasta (R$ 324,00) tiveram maior custo médio mensal. Ademais, aqueles com retração (R$ 53,40) e estenose (R$ 20,67) tiveram maior custo médio com adjuvantes. Houve associação significativa entre o custo mensal e o tipo de estomia (p<0,001), as complicações (p=0,011), o tipo de bolsa (p<0,001) e os adjuvantes (p=0,020). CONCLUSÃO: observou-se que numerosas variáveis relacionadas às estomias, aos equipamentos coletores e aos adjuvantes apresentaram associação significativa com os custos mensais. Diante disso, espera-se contribuir para melhoria da prática assistencial de Enfermagem na dispensação de materiais e no gerenciamento da assistência às pessoas com estomias.

O presente trabalho avaliou a capacidade de adsorção do corante azul de metileno nos resíduos da palha de milho e da bainha do palmito pupunha in natura. A caracterização dos resíduos foi determinada utilizando-se a microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho a qual indicou a presença de grupos carboxílicos, hidroxila e carbonila. O tempo necessário para que o sistema atingisse o equilíbrio para ambos os resíduos foi de 240 min, seguindo uma cinética descrita pelo modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem. A capacidade máxima de adsorção foi de 102,8 mg g-1 para o resíduo da palha de milho, seguindo o modelo de isoterma de Langmuir e 50,9 mg g-1 para o resíduo de palmito pupunha, sendo que o modelo que melhor se ajusta foi Freundlich. Desta forma, esses resíduos são promissores para a adsorção do corante azul de metileno em efluentes.

This study evaluated the ability of adsorption of methylene blue dye in waste of corn straw and sheath of palmetto pupunha in natura. The characterization of the waste was performed using MEV and spectroscopy in the infrared region, which indicated the presence of carboxyl groups, hydroxyl and carbonyl. The time required for the system to reach equilibrium for both residues was approximately 240 min, following the kinetics of pseudo-second order. The maximum adsorption capacity was 102.8 mg g-1 for corn straw, following the isotherm model of Langmuir and 50.9 mg g-1 for the residue of the sheath of palmetto pupunha, following the isotherm model of Freundlich. Thus, the wastes are promising for adsorption of methylene blue dye in effluents.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, analisar a eficiência de resíduos de macadâmia (mesocarpo e endocarpo) com e sem modificações químicas na biossorção de íons cobre II. As modificações químicas no biossorvente foram realizadas com hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) e com NaOH mais ácido cítrico e comprovadas por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, pela presença dos picos em 1710 e 1420 cm-1 como também pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) observando-se aumento da rugosidade na superfície. Os melhores resultados de biossorção foram para o mesocarpo modificado com NaOH, em pH igual a 5. O tempo de equilíbrio adsorvente-adsorbato foi de 140 min; além disto, o sistema seguiu um modelo cinético de pseudo-segunda ordem e a capacidade máxima de biossorção foi de 28,82 mg g-1. As isotermas para os resíduos modificados com NaOH seguiram o modelo de Langmuir e as modificadas com ácido se ajustaram ao modelo de Freundlich. Constatou-se que o processo de biossorção foi espontâneo energeticamente devido aos valores negativos para a energia de Gibbs. Comprovou-se, então, que o adsorvente possui alta capacidade de dessorção; assim, este material poderá ser novamente reutilizado; portanto, este resíduo poderá, futuramente equipar, filtros para remoção de Cu2+.

The objective was to analyze the efficiency of macadamia waste with and without chemical changes in biosorption of copper II (Cu2+). The chemical changes in the biosorbent with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and with NaOH and citric acid were evidenced by infrared spectroscopy by the appearance of peaks in 1710 and 1420 cm-1 and by scanning electron microscopy, observed an increase of roughness on the surface. The best results of the adsorption were observed in mesocarp modified with NaOH, in pH equal to 5. An equilibrium time adsorbent - adsorbate was 140 min, in addition, the system followed a kinetic model of pseudo-second order and the maximum adsorption capacity was 28.82 mg g-1. The isotherms for the residues modified with NaOH followed the Langmuir model and the modified with acid were adjusted to the Freundlich model. It was found that the adsorption process was energetically spontaneous due to negative values for the Gibbs energy and the adsorbent has a high capacity of desorption, so this material can be reused. Therefore, this residue is an excellent material to equip future filters for removal of copper II.

The present paper focuses on improving chromium (III) uptake capacity of sugarcane bagasse through its chemical modification with citric acid and/or sodium hydroxide. The chemical modifications were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, with an evident peak observed at 1730 cm-1, attributed to carbonyl groups. Equilibrium was reached after 24 h, and the kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. The highest chromium (III) maximum adsorption capacity (MAC) value was found when using sugarcane bagasse modified with sodium hydroxide and citric acid (58.00 mg g-1) giving a MAC value about three times greater (20.34 mg g-1) than for raw sugarcane bagasse.

In this article, films were produced with six types of cassava's starch mixed with gelatin and plasticized with sorbitol. These films were used in covering of grapes 'Benitaka' (Vitis vinifera L.) as biodegradable packaging. The acetylated starch film showed the best results in solubility, thickness and homogeneity, besides the less water loss the fruit, resulting in better coverage, increasing the shelf life fruits in 12 days. These results demonstrate the great potential of using films in food conservation, adding value to agricultural activity and helping to reduce non-biodegradable plastics in the environment.

No presente trabalho, foi investigado o comportamento do extrato aquoso e alcoólico da beterraba (Beta vulgaris) como um indicador ácido-base, tendo como objetivo principal despertar o interesse pelo uso dos indicadores naturais, como alternativa didática para transmissão dos conceitos de titulação, equilíbrio químico e a lei de Lambert-Beer. Para a realização dos experimentos foram utilizadas soluções padrão de ácido clorídrico (HCl), ácido acético e hidróxido de sódio (NaOH). Inicialmente foram feitos testes para avaliar a reversibilidade do sistema, e observou-se que a coloração passa de vermelho para amarela com adição de base e retorna para vermelho com adição do ácido, sendo possível sua utilização para explicação do equilíbrio químico. As análises de espectroscopia UV-vis mostraram que os espectros de absorção molecular na região do visível, apresentam diferentes característica, dando indícios que ocorreu modificação na estrutura do indicador em meio ácido e básico. Após as análises volumétricas constatou-se que os pontos de equivalência determinados com o indicador natural tiveram concordância com os obtidos pelo método potenciométrico. Além disso, os extratos aquosos e alcoólicos da beterraba apresentam potencial didático para a explicação da lei de Lambert-Beer, sendo que no meio ácido houve uma melhor correlação comparado com o meio básico.

In this study, we investigated the behavior of aqueous and alcoholic extract of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) as an acid-base indicator, having as main objective the awakening interest in the use of natural indicators as an alternative to teaching of concepts of titration, equilibrium chemical and the law of Lambert-Beer. For the experiments we used standard solutions of hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Initially tests were performed to evaluate and reversibility of the system, and it was observed that the color changes from red to yellow with the addition of base and returns to red with acid addition, so can be used to explain the chemical equilibrium. The analysis of UV-vis spectra showed that the molecular absorption in the visible region, have different characteristics, giving evidence that was altered structure of the indicator in acidic and basic medium. After the titration was found that the points of equivalence with the natural indicator showed concordance with those obtained by potentiometric method. Furthermore, the aqueous and alcoholic extract of beet has a good correlation for Beer-Lambert law, being that the acidic medium presented a better correlation compared with basic.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the importance of providing guidelines to patients via active telephone calls for blood pressure control and for preventing the discontinuation of treatment among hypertensive patients. INTRODUCTION: Many reasons exist for non-adherence to medical regimens, and one of the strategies employed to improve treatment compliance is the use of active telephone calls. METHODS: Hypertensive patients (n=354) who could receive telephone calls to remind them of their medical appointments and receive instruction about hypertension were distributed into two groups: a) "uncomplicated" - hypertensive patients with no other concurrent diseases and b) "complicated" - severe hypertensive patients (mean diastolic >110 mmHg with or without medication) or patients with comorbidities. All patients, except those excluded (n=44), were open-block randomized to follow two treatment regimens ("traditional" or "current") and to receive or not receive telephone calls ("phone calls" and "no phone calls" groups, respectively). RESULTS: Significantly fewer patients in the "phone calls" group discontinued treatment compared to those in the "no phone calls" group (4 vs. 30; p<0.0094). There was no difference in the percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure in the "phone calls" group and "no phone calls" group or in the "traditional" and "current" groups. The percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) was increased at the end of the treatment (74%), reaching 80% in the "uncomplicated" group and 67% in the "complicated" group (p<0.000001). CONCLUSION: Guidance to patients via active telephone calls is an efficient strategy for preventing the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment.

Resumo Este trabalho descreve um sistema de recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo ("content-based image retrieval"), desenvolvido para auxiliar o diagnóstico de lesões de mama por inspeção visual, mediante comparação de imagens. Quando uma imagem desconhecida é apresentada, o sistema extrai um vetor de atributos de textura e busca, em um banco de dados, imagens com características semelhantes dentro de uma aproximação previamente estabelecida. As imagens recuperadas são apresentadas ao usuário, que pode, então, verificar os diagnósticos associados.

This work describes a content-based image retrieval system developed to aid in the diagnosis of breast lesions by visual inspection through comparison of images. When an unknown image is presented the system extracts a vector of texture features and searches a database for images with similar characteristics, within a previously established approximation. The retrieved images are presented to the user for evaluation of the associated diagnoses.

As proporções dos confôrmeros axial-equatorial do N,N-dimetilcarbamato de cicloexila foram determinadas, pela primeira vez, pelo método de Eliel, pela ressonância magnética nuclear dinâmica(rmnd) de ¹H e de 13C e foram comparados com resultados obtidos através de cálculos teóricos. Pelo método de Eliel foram utilizados pelo menos cinco parâmetros experimentais independentes, em CCl4, CDCl3 e CD3CN. Os experimentos de ¹H e de 13C a baixas temperaturas foram realizados em CF2Br2/CD2Cl2. Os métodos semiempíricos MNDO, AM1 e PM3 e cálculos ab initio de orbital molecular nos níveis HF/STO-3G e HF/6-31G(d,p) também foram utilizados. Tanto os métodos que utilizaram a RMN como os cálculos teóricos corretamente indicaram a preferência do confôrmero equatorial em relação ao axial e os valores obtidos pelos diferentes métodos demonstraram boa concordância.

Axial-equatorial conformational proportions for cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethyl carbamate have been measured, for the first time, by the Eliel method, ¹H and 13C dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR). The results were compared against those determined by theoretical calculations. By the Eliel method at least five experimentally independent measureables were used in CCl4, CDCl3 and CD3CN. The ¹H and 13C low temperature experiments were performed in CF2Br2/CD2Cl2 . Semiempirical methods MNDO, AM1 and PM3 and ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the HF/STO-3G and HF/6-31G(d,p) levels have been performed on the axial and equatorial conformers populations. All applied methods correctly predict the equatorial conformer preference over the axial one. The resulting equatorial preferences determined by NMR data and theoretical calculations are in good agreement.