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au:CAMPBELL, DAVID

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Mood disorder and cancer onset: evidence from a population-based sample of Australian women
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Cowdery, Stephanie P.

; Stuart, Amanda L.

; Pasco, Julie A.

; Berk, Michael

; Campbell, David

; Bjerkeset, Ottar

; Williams, Lana J.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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aug 2021, Volume 43 N. 4 Pages 355 - 361

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: The role of mood disorders in cancer onset is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mood disorder and incident cancer in a population-based sample of women. Methods: Data were derived from women aged 28-94 years participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Mood disorder was identified via Clinical Interview (SCID-I/NP). Cancer data was obtained following linkage with the Victorian Cancer Registry. Demographic and lifestyle factors were self-reported. Nested case-control and retrospective study designs were utilized. Results: In the case-control study (n=807), mood disorder was documented for 18 of the 75 (9.3%) cancer cases and among 288 controls (24.0% vs. 39.3%, p = 0.009). Prior exposure to mood disorder was associated with reduced cancer incidence (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.28-0.84); this was sustained following adjustment for confounders (ORadj 0.52, 95%CI 0.30-0.90). In the retrospective cohort study (n=655), among 154 women with a history of mood disorder at baseline, 13 (8.5%) developed incident cancer during follow-up, whereas among 501 women with no history of mood disorder, 54 (10.8%) developed incident cancer. Exposure to mood disorder was not associated with incident cancer over the follow-up period (HR 0.58, 95%CI 0.31-1.08, p = 0.09). Conclusion: Mood disorder was associated with reduced odds of cancer onset. However, this finding was not supported in the retrospective cohort study. Larger studies able to investigate specific cancers and mood disorders as well as underlying mechanisms in both men and women are warranted.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0932 163 downloads

Declaración de posición del Grupo de la Comisión Lancet de Hipertensión con respecto a la mejora mundial de las normas de exactitud para los dispositivos de medición de la presión arterial
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Sharman, James E.

; O’Brien, Eoin

; Alpert, Bruce

; Schutte, Aletta E.

; Delles, Christian

; Olsen, Michael Hecht

; Asmar, Roland

; Atkins, Neil

; Barbosa, Eduardo

; Calhoun, David

; Campbell, Norm R.C.

; Chalmers, John

; Benjamin, Ivor

; Jennings, Garry

; Laurent, Stéphane

; Boutouyrie, Pierre

; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio

; McManus, Richard J.

; Mihailidou, Anastasia S.

; Ordunez, Pedro

; Padwal, Raj

; Palatini, Paolo

; Parati, Gianfranco

; Poulter, Neil

; Rakotz, Michael K.

; Rosendorff, Clive

; Saladini, Francesca

; Scuteri, Angelo

; Barroso, Weimar Sebba

; Cho, Myeong-Chan

; Sung, Ki-Chul

; Townsend, Raymond R.

; Wang, Ji-Guang

; Hansen, Tine Willum

; Wozniak, Gregory

; Stergiou, George

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2020, Volume 44 elocation e21

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The Lancet Commission on Hypertension identified that a key action to address the worldwide burden of high blood pressure (BP) was to improve the quality of BP measurements by using BP devices that have been validated for accuracy. Currently, there are over 3 000 commercially available BP devices, but many do not have published data on accuracy testing according to established scientific standards. This problem is enabled through weak or absent regulations that allow clearance of devices for commercial use without formal validation. In addition, new BP technologies have emerged (e.g. cuffless sensors) for which there is no scientific consensus regarding BP measurement accuracy standards. Altogether, these issues contribute to the widespread availability of clinic and home BP devices with limited or uncertain accuracy, leading to inappropriate hypertension diagnosis, management and drug treatment on a global scale. The most significant problems relating to the accuracy of BP devices can be resolved by the regulatory requirement for mandatory independent validation of BP devices according to the universally-accepted International Organization for Standardization Standard. This is a primary recommendation for which there is an urgent international need. Other key recommendations are development of validation standards specifically for new BP technologies and online lists of accurate devices that are accessible to consumers and health professionals. Recommendations are aligned with WHO policies on medical devices and universal healthcare. Adherence to recommendations would increase the global availability of accurate BP devices and result in better diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, thus decreasing the worldwide burden from high BP.

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RESUMO A Comissão Lancet sobre Hipertensão Arterial identificou que uma iniciativa central para enfrentar a carga mundial da hipertensão arterial seria a melhoria na qualidade da mensuração da pressão arterial pelo uso aparelhos de pressão arterial validados quanto à acurácia. Atualmente, existem mais de 3 000 aparelhos de pressão arterial disponíveis comercialmente; entretanto, muitos não têm dados publicados sobre testes de acurácia realizados de acordo com padrões científicos estabelecidos. Este problema resulta de regulamentação fraca ou inexistente, o que permite a aprovação para uso comercial de dispositivos sem validação formal. Além disso, surgiram novas tecnologias de mensuração da pressão arterial (por exemplo, sensores sem algemas) sem consenso científico quanto aos padrões de acurácia. No conjunto, essas questões contribuem para a oferta generalizada de dispositivos de pressão arterial clínica e domiciliar com acurácia limitada ou incerta, levando a diagnóstico, gerenciamento e tratamento inadequados da hipertensão em escala global. Os problemas mais significativos relacionados com a acurácia dos dispositivos de pressão arterial podem ser resolvidos por regulamentação que imponha a obrigatoriedade de validação independente dos aparelhos de pressão arterial, de acordo com a norma universalmente aceita pela Organização Internacional de Normalização. Esta é uma recomendação fundamental para a qual existe uma necessidade internacional urgente. Outras recomendações essenciais incluem o desenvolvimento de padrões de validação especificamente para novas tecnologias de mensuração da pressão arterial e listas on-line de aparelhos com acurácia adequada que sejam acessíveis aos consumidores e profissionais de saúde. As recomendações estão alinhadas com as políticas da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) sobre dispositivos médicos e atenção universal à saúde. A adesão às recomendações aumentaria a oferta global de dispositivos de pressão arterial com acurácia adequada e resultaria em melhor diagnóstico e tratamento da hipertensão arterial, diminuindo assim a carga mundial dessa doença.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.21

A case study of ileal metaplasia and neoplasia in a patient with an ileal-rectal anatomosis
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Campbell, Beth M.

; Clark, David

; Harvey, James

; Reid, Andrew

Journal of Coloproctology (Rio de Janeiro)

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jun 2018, Volume 38 N. 2 Pages 151 - 153

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Uma ligação clara entre colite ulcerativa e a formação de displasia e neoplasia tem sido descrita. Ese risco aumentado permanece mesmo após colectomia subtotal e ileo-retal, necesitando de uma vigilância ao longo da vida do ano-recto restante. Este caso de estudo realça a importância no acompanhamento a longo prado dessa população, incluindo áqueles próximos à anastomose já que podem ocorrer alteraçoes displásicas no íleo distal.

ABSTRACT A clear link between ulcerative colitis and the formation of dysplasia and neoplasia has been described. This increased risk remains even after subtotal colectomy and ileo-rectal anastomosis, necessitating life-long surveillance of the remaining ano-rectum. This case study highlights the importance in long-term follow up in this population, including proximal to the anastomosis as dysplastic changes can occur in the distal ileum.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcol.2017.12.006 396 downloads

Establishing national noncommunicable disease surveillance in a developing country: a model for small island nations
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Rose, Angela M.

; Hambleton, Ian R.

; Jeyaseelan, Selvi M.

; Howitt, Christina

; Harewood, Rhea

; Campbell, Jacqueline

; Martelly, Tanya N.

; Blackman, Tracey

; George, Kenneth S.

; Hassell, Trevor A.

; Corbin, David O.

; Delice, Rudolph

; Prussia, Patsy

; Legetic, Branka

; Hennis, Anselm J.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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feb 2016, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 76 - 85

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the surveillance model used to develop the first national, population-based, multiple noncommunicable disease (NCD) registry in the Caribbean (one of the first of its kind worldwide); registry implementation; lessons learned; and incidence and mortality rates from the first years of operation. Methods Driven by limited national resources, this initiative of the Barbados Ministry of Health (MoH), in collaboration with The University of the West Indies, was designed to collect prospective data on incident stroke and acute myocardial infarction (MI) (heart attack) cases from all health care facilities in this small island developing state (SIDS) in the Eastern Caribbean. Emphasis is on tertiary and emergency health care data sources. Incident cancer cases are obtained retrospectively, primarily from laboratories. Deaths are collected from the national death register. Results Phased introduction of the Barbados National Registry for Chronic NCDs (“the BNR”) began with the stroke component (“BNR–Stroke,” 2008), followed by the acute MI component (“BNR–Heart,” 2009) and the cancer component (“BNR–Cancer,” 2010). Expected case numbers projected from prior studies estimated an average of 378 first-ever stroke, 900 stroke, and 372 acute MI patients annually, and registry data showed an annual average of about 238, 593, and 349 patients respectively. There were 1 204 tumors registered in 2008, versus the expected 1 395. Registry data were used to identify public health training themes. Success required building support from local health care professionals and creating island-wide registry awareness. With spending of approximately US$ 148 per event for 2 200 events per year, the program costs the MoH about US$ 1 per capita annually. Conclusions Given the limited absolute health resources available to SIDS, combined surveillance should be considered for building a national NCD evidence base. With prevalence expected to increase further worldwide, Barbados’ experiences are offered as a “road map” for other limited-resource countries considering national NCD surveillance.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir el modelo de vigilancia que se utilizó para crear el primer registro poblacional nacional de múltiples enfermedades no transmisibles en el Caribe (uno de los primeros registros de esta clase en el mundo), la ejecución del registro, las lecciones aprendidas y las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad desde sus primeros años de funcionamiento. Métodos Esta iniciativa del Ministerio de Salud de Barbados, realizada en colaboración con la Universidad de las Indias Occidentales e impulsada por la limitación de los recursos nacionales, tuvo por finalidad recoger datos prospectivos sobre los casos nuevos de accidente cerebrovascular e infarto agudo de miocardio en todos los establecimientos de atención de salud de este pequeño estado insular en desarrollo del Caribe oriental. El análisis se centró en las fuentes de datos sobre la atención de salud terciaria y de urgencia. La información sobre los casos nuevos de cáncer se obtuvo de manera retrospectiva, principalmente de los laboratorios. Los datos sobre las defunciones se tomaron del registro nacional de mortalidad. Resultados La introducción progresiva del Registro Nacional de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles de Barbados se inició con el componente de los accidentes cerebrovasculares en 2008, seguido del componente de infarto agudo de miocardio en 2009 y el componente de cáncer en 2010. Las estimaciones previstas con base en los estudios anteriores fueron en promedio de 378 casos de un primer accidente cerebrovascular, 900 casos de accidente cerebrovascular y 372 pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio cada año; los datos del registro mostraron un promedio anual cercano a 238, 593 y 349 casos respectivamente. En el 2008, se registraron 1204 casos de cáncer, frente a los 1395 previstos. En función de los datos del registro se definieron los temas de capacitación en salud pública. El éxito de la iniciativa exigió fomentar el apoyo de los profesionales de salud a nivel local y dar a conocer la existencia del registro en toda la isla. Con un gasto cercano a 148 dólares por episodio y 2200 episodios por año, el programa cuesta al Ministerio de Salud alrededor de un dólar por habitante cada año. Conclusiones Dada la limitación de los recursos absolutos destinados a la salud en los pequeños estados insulares en desarrollo, es preciso analizar la posibilidad de realizar una vigilancia combinada, con el objeto de crear una base nacional de datos fidedignos sobre las enfermedades no transmisibles. Ante la perspectiva de un aumento continuo de la prevalencia mundial, la experiencia en Barbados se ofrece como una “hoja de ruta” destinada a otros países con recursos limitados que planean introducir la vigilancia nacional de las enfermedades no transmisibles.

963 downloads

David Anderson: 18 October 1946 - 22 September 2014
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Campbell, Neil

South African Dental Journal

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oct 2014, Volume 69 N. 9 Pages 397 - 397

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

271 downloads

RNA polymerase I promoter and splice acceptor site recognition affect gene expression in non-pathogenic Leishmania species
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Orlando, Tereza Cristina

; Mayer, Mário Gustavo

; Campbell, David A

; Sturm, Nancy R

; Floeter-Winter, Lucile Maria

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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nov 2007, Volume 102 N. 7 Pages 891 - 894

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae has biotechnological potential for use as live vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis and as a system for the over expression of eukaryotic proteins that possess accurate post-translational modifications. For both purposes, new systems for protein expression in this non-pathogenic protozoan are necessary. The ribosomal RNA promoter proved to be a stronger transcription driver since its use yielded increased levels of recombinant protein in organisms of both genera Trypanosoma or Leishmania. We have evaluated heterologous expression systems using vectors with two different polypyrimidine tracts in the splice acceptor site by measuring a reporter gene transcribed from L. tarentolae RNA polymerase I promoter. Our data indicate that the efficiency of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase expression changed drastically with homologous or heterologous sequences, depending on the polypyrimidine tract used in the construct and differences in size and/or distance from the AG dinucleotide. In relation to the promoter sequence the reporter expression was higher in heterologous lizard-infecting species than in the homologous L. tarentolae or in the mammalian-infecting L. (Leishmania) amazonensis.

2133 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

The untranslated regions of genes from Trypanosoma cruzi: perspectives for functional characterization of strains and isolates
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Campbell, David A

; Sturm, Nancy R

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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feb 2007, Volume 102 N. 1 Pages 125 - 126

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

1160 downloads

Análisis del Patrón Óseo Trabecular de Mandíbulas Maceradas en Radiografías Panorámicas Digitales
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Watanabe, Plauto Christopher Aranha

; Monteiro, Solange Aparecida Caldeira

; Campbell, Joyce Carvalho Tenfuss

; Elejalde, David Alberto Aristizabal

International Journal of Morphology

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sep 2006, Volume 24 N. 3 Pages 369 - 376

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The objective investigation is to study and analyze the sensibility of the esqueletonization methodology in the alterations of the trabecular bone pattern in digital panoramic radiographies. In order to use this analysis and look changes in the bone density in the trabecular structure in healthy patients and with osteoporosis.The elements analyzed consist in five dry human mandibles. The four studied zones of each mandible were selected in the mandible body under the alveolar bone, studied zones: 1) Bucal and anterior to the right mental foramen, 2) Bucal and posterior to the right mental foramen, 3) Bucal and anterior to the left mental foramen, 4) Bucal and posterior to the left mental foramen.We realized the digital panoramic radiographies. After the first radiography we cut the delimited areas removing the buccal cortical plates. we did intentional fractures in the trabecular bone. Then we replace the buccal cortical plates and realized the second radiography, using the support created for the mandibles replacement, maintaining the fixed guide lines for each specimen. mid Sagital plane, canine line and Frankfurt Plane.The studied zones were analyzed in the software using the Watanabe 2003 Method. The studied images that show the trabecular bone squeleton were analyzed using: Histogram, particulas analysis, Fractal dimension, unions quantity or trabecuialr third union and the trabecular percent.The statistical analysis of the different zones before and after of the renovation and insertion didn't show a statistical important difference. The trabecular that the panoramic radiography showed were formed for the insertions in the corticals. The method of take off the cortical bone plates just breaks part inside the mandible body

Nuestro propósito fue estudiar la sensibilidad de la metodología de esqueletonizacion en las alteraciones del patrón óseo trabecular, en radiografías panorámicas digitales. Con el fin de poder utilizar esta metodología a futuro para el análisis y la observación de los cambios de densidad ósea en la estructura trabecular, en pacientes con osteoporosis y sanos. El material examinado consistió en cinco mandíbulas adultas, maceradas. Los 4 sitios de interés de cada mandíbula fueron escogidos en cuerpo mandibular, debajo de los alvéolos dentarios: Sitio 1. Oral y anterior al foramen mentoniano derecho. Sitio 2. Oral y posterior al foramen mentoniano derecho. Sitio 3. Oral y anterior al foramen mentoniano izquierdo. Sitio 4. Oral y posterior al foramen mentoniano izquierdo. Se realizó la toma de radiografías panorámicas digitales. Posterior a la primera toma radiográfica, se recortaron las áreas delimitadas removiendo las tablas vestibulares, Se fracturó intencionalmente el trabeculado óseo y luego se reubicaron las tablas vestibulares y se realizó una segunda toma radiográfica, con el uso de un soporte confeccionado para el posicionamiento de las mandíbulas, manteniendo las líneas guía fijas,para cada especimen: Plano mediano, Línea canina y Plano de Frankfurt. Los sitios de interés fueron trabajados en software, siguiendo el método empleado por Watanabe (2003), las imágenes resultantes, que muestran los esqueletos de las trabéculas óseas fueron analizadas utilizando las siguientes herramientas: Histograma, Análisis de partículas, Dimensión fractal, Cantidad de Uniones o encuentro triple de trabéculas y Porcentaje de trabéculas por área. En el análisis estadístico según los datos obtenidos de las diferentes regiones, antes y después de la remoción/inserción, no se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Las trabéculas vistas en la radiografía panorámica son formadas principalmente por inserciones en las corticales. El método de retirar la tabla ósea proporcionó apenas una ruptura en el interior (segmento) del cuerpo mandibular

16428 downloads

Intergenic and external transcribed spacers of ribosomal RNA genes in lizard-infecting Leishmania: molecular structure and phylogenetic relationship to mammal-infecting Leishmania in the subgenus Leishmania (Leishmania)
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Orlando, Tereza C

; Rubio, Mary Anne T

; Sturm, Nancy R

; Campbell, David A

; Floeter-Winter, Lucile M

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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jul 2002, Volume 97 N. 5 Pages 695 - 701

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

To establish the relationships of the lizard- and mammal-infecting Leishmania, we characterized the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal RNA genes from L. tarentolae and L. hoogstraali. The organization of these regions is similar to those of other eukaryotes. The intergenic spacer region was approximately 4 kb in L. tarentolae and 5.5 kb in L. hoogstraali. The size difference was due to a greater number of 63-bp repetitive elements in the latter species. This region also contained another element, repeated twice, that had an inverted octanucleotide with the potential to form a stem-loop structure that could be involved in transcription termination or processing events. The ribosomal RNA gene localization showed a distinct pattern with one chromosomal band (2.2 Mb) for L. tarentolae and two (1.5 and 1.3 Mb) for L. hoogstraali. The study also showed sequence differences in the external transcribed region that could be used to distinguish lizard Leishmania from the mammalian Leishmania. The intergenic spacer region structure features found among Leishmania species indicated that lizard and mammalian Leishmania are closely related and support the inclusion of lizard-infecting species into the subgenus Sauroleishmania proposed by Saf'janova in 1982.

2347 downloads

10.

Characterization of Trypanosoma rangeli Strains Isolated in Central and South America: an Overview
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Grisard, Edmundo C

; Steindel, Mário

; Guarneri, Alessandra A

; Eger-Mangrich, Iriane

; Campbell, David A

; Romanha, Alvaro J

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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mar 1999, Volume 94 N. 2 Pages 203 - 209

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagelate parasite that infects domestic and sylvatic animals, as well as man, in Central and South America. T. rangeli has an overlapping distribution with T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, sharing several animal reservoirs and triatomine vectors. We have isolated T. rangeli strains in the State of Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil, which dramatically increased the distribution area of this parasite. This brief review summarizes several studies comparing T. rangeli strains isolated in Santa Catarina with others isolated in Colombia, Honduras and Venezuela. The different methods used include indirect immunofluorescence and western blot assays, lectin agglutination, isoenzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, triatomine susceptibility, in vitro cell infection assays, and mini-exon gene analysis.

3077 downloads

11.

Use of molecular probes and PCR for detection and typing of Leishmania - a mini-review
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Degrave, Win

; Fernandes, Octavio

; Campbell, David

; Bozza, Marcelo

; Lopes, Ulisses

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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sep 1994, Volume 89 N. 3 Pages 463 - 469

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The use of molecular tools to detect and type Leishmania species in humans, reservoirs or sandflies has been pursued using different approaches. The polymerase chain reaction provided sensitivity to case this task, since the use of hybridization procedures alone employing specifics probes is hampered due to the low detection limit. In this report, we describe the different molecular targets used in our laboratory, aiming at the detection and specific typing of these protozoa. Different kits based on hybridization assays and PCR amplification using kinetoplast and nuclear targets are described and the results obtained from their use are reported.

6002 downloads Cited 31 times in SciELO

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