Abstract The objective of this work was to select maize hybrids using the GGE biplot analysis, as well as to evaluate their stability and adaptability in different environments of the North and Midwest regions of Brazil. Thirty-six maize hybrids were evaluated in 2018, in the following five environments in the Northern and Midwestern regions, respectively: in the municipality of Vilhena, in the state of Rondônia; and in the municipalities of Sorriso, Sinop, Alta Floresta, and Carlinda, in the Northern region of the state of Mato Grosso. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. The analysis of variance was performed, and adaptability and stability were estimated by the GGE biplot method based on grain yield performance. A significant interaction between genotypes and environments was detected, and the biplot analysis was efficient in explaining 62.74% of the total variation in the first two principal components, with the formation of three macroenvironments. The 1P2227, 'BRS 3042', and 1P2265 hybrids showed high yield, responsiveness, and stability in the evaluated environments. The DKB310VTPRO2 hybrid was the most unstable genotype. The recommended hybrids are: DKB310 for the Sorriso and Vilhena macroenvironment; 1M1810 and 1O2106 for the Carlinda environment; and 1M1807 for the Sinop environment.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar híbridos de milho, por meio da análise GGE biplot, bem como avaliar sua estabilidade e adaptabilidade em diferentes ambientes das regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte do Brasil. Trinta e seis híbridos de milho foram avaliados em 2018, nos seguintes cinco ambientes das regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste, respectivamente: no município de Vilhena, no estado de Rondônia; e nos municípios de Sorriso, Sinop, Alta Floresta e Carlinda, na região norte do estado de Mato Grosso. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos ao acaso. Realizou-se a análise de variância, e estimaramse a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade pelo método GGE biplot com base na produtividade. Detectou-se interação significativa entre genótipos e ambientes, e a análise biplot foi eficiente para explicar 62,74% da variação total nos dois primeiros componentes principais, com a formação de três macroambientes. Os híbridos 1P2227, 'BRS 3042' e 1P2265 apresentam alta produtividade, capacidade de resposta e estabilidade nos ambientes avaliados. O híbrido DKB310VTPRO2 foi o genótipo mais instável. Os híbridos recomendados são: DKB310 para o macroambiente Sorriso e Vilhena; 1M1810 e 1O2106 para o ambiente Carlinda; e 1M1807 para o ambiente Sinop.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training is able to attenuate the impact of surgical trauma on the respiratory muscle strength, in the lung volumes, and diaphragmatic excursion in obese women undergoing open bariatric surgery. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Meridional Hospital, Cariacica/ES, Brazil. SUBJECTS: Thirty-two obese women undergoing elective open bariatric surgery were randomly assigned to receive preoperative inspiratory muscle training (inspiratory muscle training group) or usual care (control group). MAIN MEASURES: Respiratory muscle strength (maximal static respiratory pressure - maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure), lung volumes, and diaphragmatic excursion. RESULTS: After training, there was a significant increase only in the maximal inspiratory pressure in the inspiratory muscle training group. The maximal expiratory pressure, the lung volumes and the diaphragmatic excursion did not show any significant change with training. In the postoperative period there was a significant decrease in maximal inspiratory pressure in both the groups. However, there was a decrease of 28% in the inspiratory muscle training group, whereas it was 47% in the control group. The decrease in maximal expiratory pressure and in lung volumes in the postoperative period was similar between the groups. There was a significant reduction in the measures of diaphragmatic excursion in both the groups. CONCLUSION: The preoperative inspiratory muscle training increased the inspiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory pressure) and attenuated the negative postoperative effects of open bariatric surgery in obese women for this variable, though not influencing the lung volumes and the diaphragmatic excursion.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a freqüência das alterações tomográficas renais e extra-renais em pacientes com pielonefrite aguda e avaliar o grau de concordância interobservador. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizamos trabalho retrospectivo a partir da análise dos exames de tomografia computadorizada de 47 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de pielonefrite aguda. Dois examinadores independentes avaliaram as principais alterações renais, perirrenais e extra-renais. Foi medida a freqüência dos achados tomográficos e a concordância interobservador por meio do teste kappa (kapa). RESULTADOS: A freqüência dos achados tomográficos para os diversos parâmetros estudados foi: nefrograma heterogêneo, 100%; nefromegalia, 65%; heterogeneidade da gordura, 62,5%; nefrolitíase, 16,6%; abscessos, 21%; derrame pleural, 36%; espessamento da vesícula biliar, 32,5%; edema periportal, 32,5%. O teste kapa para a concordância interobservador demonstrou reprodutibilidade variando entre moderada (kapa = 0,511 para nefromegalia) e quase perfeita (kapa = 0,87 para nefrograma heterogêneo) para todos os parâmetros estudados, exceto para a heterogeneidade da gordura perirrenal (kapa = 0,268). CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência dos diversos achados tomográficos de pielonefrite aguda é elevada, sendo o nefrograma heterogêneo o sinal mais comum. Alterações perinefréticas e extra-renais são observadas em até dois terços dos casos. A tomografia computadorizada apresenta boa concordância interobservador.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at establishing the frequency of renal/perirenal and extrarenal computed tomography findings in patients with acute pyelonephritis, and evaluating the interobserver agreement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study based on the analysis of computed tomography images of 47 patients with clinical and laboratory findings of acute pyelonephritis. Two independent observers evaluated the main renal/perirenal and extrarenal alterations. The frequency of tomographic findings and interobserver agreement were analyzed by the kappa (k) test. RESULTS: The frequency of tomographic findings for the several parameters was the following: striated nephrogram, 100%; renal enlargement, 65%; perirenal fat heterogeneity, 62.5%; renal calculi, 16.6%; abscesses, 21%; pleural effusion, 36%; thickened gallbladder wall, 32.5%; periportal edema, 32.5%. The k test for interobserver agreement demonstrated reproducibility ranging between moderate (k = 0.511 for renal enlargement) to almost perfect (k = 0.87 for striated nephrogram) for all of the parameters analyzed, except for perirenal fat heterogeneity (k = 0.268). CONCLUSION: The frequency of findings of acute pyelonephritis on computed tomography is high. Overall, striated nephrogram was the most frequent finding. Peri- and extra-renal alterations were found in about 2/3 of the cases. Computed tomography demonstrated a good interobserver agreement.

Limite posterior do retroperitônio, o compartimento iliopsoas localiza-se externamente ao mesmo, sendo composto dos músculos psoas maior, psoas menor e ilíaco. O quadro de sintomas dos pacientes com acometimento patológico deste compartimento é amplo e inespecífico, podendo haver importante atraso no diagnóstico. Entretanto, na busca do diagnóstico etiológico das alterações do compartimento iliopsoas, sabemos que as infecções, os tumores e as hemorragias respondem pela quase totalidade das lesões. Por meio da avaliação retrospectiva de exames radiológicos de pacientes com patologias do iliopsoas e que tiveram o diagnóstico confirmado por exame anatomopatológico ou acompanhamento clínico, revisamos a anatomia deste compartimento, assim como as suas principais formas de acometimento, identificando sinais que auxiliem na diferenciação dos potenciais diagnósticos diferenciais. Na abordagem de cada patologia discutiremos os principais sinais radiológicos, como a presença de gás em abscessos piogênicos, alterações ósseas em corpos vertebrais nas lesões secundárias a tuberculose, comprometimento dos planos fasciais nas lesões tumorais e diferenças na densidade e intensidade de sinal dos hematomas nas diferentes fases de degradação da hemoglobina, entre outros. Dessa forma, procuramos apresentar casos que exemplifiquem as doenças mais freqüentes do compartimento iliopsoas, destacando a importância dos seus diferentes sinais, aproximando-nos de um diagnóstico etiológico específico.

The iliopsoas compartment, a posterior boundary of the retroperitoneum, is comprised of the psoas major, psoas minor and iliac muscles. The symptoms picture in patients presenting with pathological involvement of this compartment may show a wide range of nonspecific clinical presentations that may lead to delayed diagnosis. However, in the search of an etiological diagnosis, it is already known that inflammation, tumors, and hemorrhages account for almost all the lesions affecting the iliopsoas compartment. By means of a retrospective analysis of radiological studies in patients with iliopsoas compartment lesions whose diagnosis was confirmed by anatomopathological evaluation or clinical follow-up, we have reviewed its anatomy as well as the main forms of involvement, with the purpose of identifying radiological signs that may help to narrow down the potential differential diagnoses. As each lesion is approached we will discuss the main radiological findings such as presence of gas in pyogenic abscesses, bone destruction and other bone changes of vertebral bodies in lesions secondary to tuberculosis, involvement of fascial planes in cases of neoplasms, and differences in signal density and intensity of hematomas secondary to hemoglobin degradation, among others. So, we have tried to present cases depicting the most frequent lesions involving the iliopsoas compartment, with emphasis on those signs that can lead us to a more specific etiological diagnosis.

Os autores relatam um volumoso schwannoma cervical de apresentação incomum, numa paciente do sexo feminino, 53 anos de idade, que em fevereiro de 2002 apresentou queixa de fraqueza progressiva, iniciada há três anos, com dificuldade de mobilização das pernas e braços. Antes da cirurgia foi realizada ressonância magnética da região cervical. No exame físico apresentava postura com aumento da base de sustentação, marcha instável e paraparética, além de diminuição da força nos quatro membros, maior à esquerda, associada a dispnéia. Na ressonância magnética cervical evidenciou-se lesão expansiva extramedular de limites bem definidos, na altura de C1 e C2. Na cirurgia, o volumoso tumor encontrava-se ântero-lateralmente à medula, aderido à raiz esquerda de C1, estendendo-se superiormente através do forame magno, com localização extradural. O diagnóstico de schwannoma foi confirmado pela histopatologia. A paciente evoluiu satisfatoriamente, com melhora progressiva da hemiparesia e hemiparestesia esquerda. A ressonância magnética possibilita a detecção e avaliação da lesão, porém o diagnóstico definitivo só é feito com o exame histopatológico. Dessa forma, o diagnóstico precoce através da ressonância magnética e a exérese cirúrgica tornam-se a melhor forma de abordagem, com bom prognóstico.

The authors report an unusual presentation of a voluminous neck schwannoma in a 53-year-old female that presented with a three-year history of progressive weakness associated with impaired movement of the limbs. Neurological examination revealed postural instability, unstable and paraparetic gait, tetraparesis and dyspnea. A preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the neck revealed an expansive, extradural, well-circumscribed lesion, with soft-tissue attenuation, at the level of C1-C2 vertebral bodies. During surgery, the tumor was found to be extradural, lateral to the cervical spinal cord, attached to the C1 left nerve root and extending upwards through the foramen magnum. Histopathological analysis of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. The patient showed a favorable outcome with progressive improvement of the symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging proved to be valuable in the detection and evaluation of the lesion, although the definite diagnosis was achieved only after histopathological studies. We concluded that magnetic resonance imaging for early diagnosis and prompt surgical resection seems to be the best approach to achieve good prognosis.