Background: Salmorejo is gaining national reputation and international recognition. However, there are many different forms to prepare it and, therefore, the organoleptic and nutritional properties of the plateful may differ. Material and methods: In order to make standardization of salmorejo and its ways of production, which allow the protection of its identity and, furthermore, its nutritional characterization, around the 83% of catering establishments were surveyed in Cordoba (excluding suburbs and industrial area), to investigate how they produce this dish, as to name, ingredients, preparation, price, etc. They were personally given a survey with 55 questions divided into 6 sections. Results: The result is that only 21% of establishments used the name "salmorejo cordobés", the ingredients used, consistently statistically adjusted to a previous proposal of systematization and nutritional assessment, based on literature data and broadcast in over 50 languages which corresponds to 1.000 g tomato, 200 g telera bread, 100 g of extra virgin olive oil, 5 g Montalban garlic and 10g of salt. Then, 100g of this product corresponds to 117.4 kcal, 1.8 g protein, 8.1 g fat, 9.9 g carbohydrate, 1.2 g fiber and 380.7 mg of sodium. A minority of the establishments used vinegar like an extra ingredient (18% of surveys) and the majority used little pieces of ham and boiled egg as garnish. While more than 25% add a trickle of oil on the finished product. It is made mainly through glass mixer or food processor, being the majority recipe used form of family origin. Although salmorejo was traditionally considered a food for summer, 78% of establishments have it all year round. 94% of establishments consider it among the ten most ordered dishes, and in 18% it is the most ordered dish of the establishment. There is no relationship between the amount of salmorejo served with the price of the plateful, the latter being in line with other prices of the rest of establishment. Conclusions: With these results and the previous data obtained by bibliographic means, we have conditions necessary to standardize the salmorejo cordobés both for possible shelter of protected designation and to establish its nutritional value, that can be collected in compositional databases and nutrition software, to evaluate surveys or development diets.

Introducción: el salmorejo cordobés está tomando fama a nivel nacional y reconocimiento internacional. Sin embargo, son muy diversas las formas de elaborarlo y, por tanto, las propiedades organolépticas y nutricionales del plato. Material y métodos: con la intención de realizar una estandarización del salmorejo y forma de elaboración que permita una posterior protección de su identidad, así como su caracterización nutricional, se ha realizado una encuesta sobre el 83% de los establecimientos de restauración de Córdoba (excluidos barrios periféricos y zona industrial) para indagar su forma de elaborarlo, en cuanto a denominación, ingredientes, preparación, precio, etc., mediante una encuesta administrada personalmente con 55 preguntas en 6 apartados. Resultado: el resultado ha sido que sólo un 21% de los establecimientos utiliza la denominación "salmorejo cordobés". Los ingredientes usados de forma sistemática se ajustan estadísticamente a una propuesta previa de sistematización y valoración nutricional, basada en datos bibliográficos y difundida en más de 50 idiomas, que corresponde a: 1.000 g de tomate, 200 g de pan de telera, 100 g de aceite de oliva virgen extra, 5 g de ajo de Montalbán y 10 g de sal. Esto corresponde por 100 g de producto a 117,4 kcal, 1,8 g de proteínas, 8,1 g de lípidos, 9,9 g de carbohidratos, 1,2 g de fibra y 380,7 mg de sodio. Como ingredientes extra minoritariamente se usa el vinagre (18% de las encuestas) y como guarnición de forma mayoritaria, taquitos de jamón y huevo duro, en tanto que algo más de un 25% añade un chorro de aceite sobre el producto terminado. Se elabora principalmente mediante vaso batidor o Termomix, siendo la receta usada de forma mayoritaria de origen familiar. Si bien se ha considerado tradicionalmente un plato estival, un 78% de establecimientos lo tienen todo el año. El 94% de los establecimientos lo consideran entre los diez platos más consumidos, y para el 18% es el más consumido del establecimiento. No existe relación entre la cantidad de salmorejo servido con el precio del plato, siendo este último acorde a los demás precios de cada establecimiento. Conclusiones: con estos datos y los previos obtenidos por medios bibliográficos se está en condiciones de estandarizar el salmorejo cordobés, tanto para un posible amparo de denominación protegida como para establecer un valor nutricional que pueda ser recogido en bases de datos composicionales y software nutricional, para la evaluación de encuestas o elaboración de dietas.

Foi realizado o monitoramento epidemiológico molecular de estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus potencialmente toxigênicas isoladas no processo de produção do queijo Minas frescal em micro-usina do Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram realizadas seis amostragens durante o período de junho de 2008 a julho de 2009, de modo a perfazer um total de 140 amostras. Essas amostras foram colhidas da superfície dos tanques de recepção e estocagem do leite cru, da superfície do tanque de equilíbrio do leite pasteurizado, da rede de abastecimento de água, das tubulações e equipamentos, das mãos do manipulador e de queijos embalados prontos para consumo. As colônias isoladas em Agar Baird-Parker confirmadas como cocos Gram positivos e que mostravam-se positivas às provas de catalase, coagulase e da produção de acetoína, foram submetidas à extração do DNA bacteriano através da utilização do Kit Invitek - Uniscience®. A confirmação molecular da espécie dos isolados e a presença de enterotoxinas SEA, SEB, SEC, SED e da toxina TSST-1 foi realizada a partir da amplificação dos fragmentos de DNA cromossômico específico. Entre as 74 estirpes de estafilococos coagulase positivos isoladas, somente 41 (55.4%) amostras foram confirmadas como sendo Staphylococcus aureus, das quais 25 (61,0%) mostraram-se positivas na pesquisa de toxinas estafilocócicas. A enterotoxina de maior frequência identificada foi a SEA. As estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus toxigênico foram mais isoladas nas mãos do manipulador (16,0%), no leite cru do tanque de recepção (12,0%), no leite pasteurizado para elaboração do queijo (12,0%) e no queijo Minas frescal pronto para consumo (12,0%).

We studied the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus strains potentially toxigenic, isolated from the production process of Minas frescal cheese in a small dairy plant in the state of São Paulo. For this, samples were taken during the period from June 2008 to July 2009. Samples were collected from the surface of the receiving and storage tanks of raw milk, the surface of the balance tank of pasteurized milk, the water supply system, the pipes and equipments, the hands of the handler and from the packaged cheese, totaling 140 samples. The colonies isolated on Baird-Parker Agar confirmed as Gram positive and positive for catalase, coagulase and acetoin production, were submitted to extraction of bacterial DNA using the Invitek - Uniscience® kit. Confirmation of the isolated species and enterotoxins SEA, SEB, SEC, SED and TSST-1 toxin was carried out through the amplification of specific fragments of chromosomal DNA. Among the 74 strains of isolated coagulase-positive staphylococci, only 41 (55.4%) strains were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus, of which 25 (61.0%) were positive to the presence of staphylococcal toxins. The most frequently identified enterotoxin was SEA. The toxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus were more frequently isolated from hands of the handler (16.0%), raw milk receiving tank (12.0%), pasteurized milk for cheese making (12.0%) and fresh white cheese ready for consumption (12.0%).