A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é uma forma de doença do músculo cardíaco de causa genética, caracterizada pela hipertrofia das paredes ventriculares. O diagnóstico requer detecção por métodos de imagem (Ecocardiograma ou Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca) de qualquer segmento da parede do ventrículo esquerdo com espessura > 15 mm, sem outra causa provável. A análise genética permite identificar mutações de genes codificantes de diferentes estruturas do sarcômero responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da CMH em cerca de 60% dos casos, permitindo o rastreio de familiares e aconselhamento genético, como parte importante do manejo dos pacientes e familiares. Vários conceitos sobre a CMH foram recentemente revistos, incluindo sua prevalência de 1 em 250 indivíduos, não sendo, portanto, uma doença rara, mas subdiagnosticada. A vasta maioria dos pacientes é assintomática. Naqueles sintomáticos, a obstrução do trato de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (OTSVE) é o principal distúrbio responsável pelos sintomas, devendo-se investigar a sua presença em todos os casos. Naqueles em que o ecocardiograma em repouso ou com Manobra de Valsalva não detecta gradiente intraventricular significativo (> 30 mmHg), devem ser submetidos à ecocardiografia com esforço físico para detecção da OTSVE.   Pacientes com sintomas limitantes e grave OTSVE, refratários ao uso de betabloqueadores e verapamil, devem receber terapias de redução septal ou uso de novas drogas inibidoras da miosina cardíaca. Por fim, os pacientes adequadamente identificados com risco aumentado de morta súbita podem receber medida profilática com implante de cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI).

La miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) es una forma de enfermedad cardíaca de origen genético, caracterizada por el engrosamiento de las paredes ventriculares. El diagnóstico requiere la detección mediante métodos de imagen (Ecocardiograma o Resonancia Magnética Cardíaca) que muestren algún segmento de la pared ventricular izquierda con un grosor > 15 mm, sin otra causa probable. El análisis genético permite identificar mutaciones en genes que codifican diferentes estructuras del sarcómero responsables del desarrollo de la MCH en aproximadamente el 60% de los casos, lo que permite el tamizaje de familiares y el asesoramiento genético, como parte importante del manejo de pacientes y familiares. Varios conceptos sobre la MCH han sido revisados recientemente, incluida su prevalencia de 1 entre 250 individuos, por lo tanto, no es una enfermedad rara, sino subdiagnosticada. La gran mayoría de los pacientes son asintomáticos. En los casos sintomáticos, la obstrucción del tracto de salida ventricular izquierdo (TSVI) es el trastorno principal responsable de los síntomas, y su presencia debe investigarse en todos los casos. En aquellos en los que el ecocardiograma en reposo o la maniobra de Valsalva no detecta un gradiente intraventricular significativo (> 30 mmHg), deben someterse a ecocardiografía de esfuerzo para detectar la obstrucción del TSVI. Los pacientes con síntomas limitantes y obstrucción grave del TSVI, refractarios al uso de betabloqueantes y verapamilo, deben recibir terapias de reducción septal o usar nuevos medicamentos inhibidores de la miosina cardíaca. Finalmente, los pacientes adecuadamente identificados con un riesgo aumentado de muerte súbita pueden recibir medidas profilácticas con el implante de un cardioversor-desfibrilador implantable (CDI).

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a form of genetically caused heart muscle disease, characterized by the thickening of the ventricular walls. Diagnosis requires detection through imaging methods (Echocardiogram or Cardiac Magnetic Resonance) showing any segment of the left ventricular wall with a thickness > 15 mm, without any other probable cause. Genetic analysis allows the identification of mutations in genes encoding different structures of the sarcomere responsible for the development of HCM in about 60% of cases, enabling screening of family members and genetic counseling, as an important part of patient and family management. Several concepts about HCM have recently been reviewed, including its prevalence of 1 in 250 individuals, hence not a rare but rather underdiagnosed disease. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic. In symptomatic cases, obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) is the primary disorder responsible for symptoms, and its presence should be investigated in all cases. In those where resting echocardiogram or Valsalva maneuver does not detect significant intraventricular gradient (> 30 mmHg), they should undergo stress echocardiography to detect LVOT obstruction. Patients with limiting symptoms and severe LVOT obstruction, refractory to beta-blockers and verapamil, should receive septal reduction therapies or use new drugs inhibiting cardiac myosin. Finally, appropriately identified patients at increased risk of sudden death may receive prophylactic measure with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation.

Abstract Colombia has experienced a non-international armed conflict which has lasted for more than 60 years. On September 4, 2012, during the presidential term of Juan Manuel Santos, peace negotiations began between the Colombian State and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia -People's Army (FARC-EP) - with the aim of ending the armed conflict between both actors. The agreements culminated on September 26, 2016. Regarding the foregoing, questions arose on the criminal liability of the State agent. The question on their liability has resounded in the competent international bodies, such as the International Criminal Court and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The recently created Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) is now to decide the possible activation of the principle of complementarity to avoid delays in processes involving high-ranking State officials and properly comply with the provisions of Article 120, Statute of Rome.

Resumen Colombia ha vivido un conflicto armado de carácter no internacional que ha durado más de 60 años. El 4 de septiembre de 2012, durante el periodo presidencial de Juan Manuel Santos, se iniciaron las negociaciones de paz entre el Estado colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia -Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP)-, con el objetivo de terminar el conflicto armado entre ambos actores. Los acuerdos culminaron el 26 de septiembre de 2016. Con ello surgieron cuestionamientos en los que se reclama la responsabilidad de los agentes del Estado. La cuestión en torno a dicha responsabilidad ha retumbado en las instancias internacionales competentes, como la Corte Penal Internacional y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. La recientemente creada Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP) es ahora la encargada de dirimir la posible activación del principio de complementariedad para evitar dilaciones en los procesos que involucren altos mandos del Estado y, así, cumplir lo dispuesto en el artículo 120 del Estatuto de Roma.

Abstract Background: The criminal responsibility of a person with a mental disorder can be modified if their cognitive and/or volitional capacities are altered. The aim is to ascertain the repercussions that mental disorders have on the determination of imputability in current Spanish jurisprudence. Method: A retrospective descriptive study is presented through the review of 360 sentences of the Supreme Court from 2015 to 2019. Results: The results show that responsibility was modified in 37.9% of the cases: 5.1% complete exemptions, 13.3% incomplete exemptions, and 81.3% mitigating circumstances. The most represented disorders among the complete exemption cases were those on the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, and personality disorders were the most represented for incomplete exemption. Substance-related and addictive disorders were the ones most represented in responsibility attenuation. Conclusion: The diagnosis of the same mental disorder can lead to different degrees of imputability. The adoption of therapeutic measures is the exception, not the rule.

Resumen Antecedentes: La responsabilidad criminal de una persona con trastorno mental puede modificarse si las capacidades cognitivas y/o volitivas están alteradas. El objetivo es conocer la repercusión que los trastornos mentales tienen en la determinación de la imputabilidad en la jurisprudencia española actual. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante la revisión de 360 sentencias del Tribunal Supremo entre 2015 y 2019. Resultados: Se modificó la responsabilidad en un 37.9% de los casos: 5.1% eximentes completas, 13.3% eximentes incompletas y 81.3% atenuantes. Los trastornos del espectro de la esquizofrenia y trastornos psicóticos fueron los más frecuentes en la exención completa y los trastornos de personalidad en la incompleta. Los trastornos relacionados con sustancias y trastornos adictivos fueron los más representados en la atenuación de la responsabilidad. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de un mismo trastorno mental puede conllevar diferentes grados de imputabilidad. La adopción de medidas terapéuticas es excepcional.

Abstract: The identification of multiple risk factors that predispose to bleeding during the obstetric event, such as acquired hemophilia, which is a disorder that develops due to the generation of autoantibodies that inhibit coagulation factors, the objective interpretation of routine laboratory tests , the development of systematized thinking in diagnostic-therapeutic integration by health personnel, and the provision of hospital pharmacological resources, is what frequently determines the prognosis in obstetric patients with extreme morbidity who require multidisciplinary care in the different hospital units of the health sector of our country. The objective is to present a clinical case of extreme morbidity due to acquired hemophilia, its clinical presentation, evolution and fatal outcome. A case referred from another unit of the ISEM (Instituto de Salud del Estado de México) Health Sector, treated at the Obstetric Intensive Care Unit of the «Mónica Pretelini Sáenz» Hospital, is presented, highlighting the importance of diagnostic-therapeutic integration, and the multifactorial interaction of variables related to its fatal outcome. Conclusions: Ignorance of the pathology, delay in diagnosis, multiple conditioning procedures of iatrogenic hemorrhage and the limitation in therapeutic resources are factors that contribute to a fatal outcome.

Resumen: La identificación de múltiples factores de riesgo que predisponen a la hemorragia durante el evento obstétrico, como la hemofilia adquirida que es un trastorno que se desarrolla por la generación de autoanticuerpos inhibidores de factores de la coagulación, la interpretación objetiva de las pruebas de laboratorio rutinarias, el desarrollo de un pensamiento sistematizado en la integración diagnóstico-terapéutica por parte del personal de salud, y la disposición de los recursos farmacológicos hospitalarios, es lo que determina frecuentemente el pronóstico en pacientes obstétricas con morbilidad extrema que requieren atención multidisciplinaria en las diferentes unidades hospitalarias del sector salud de nuestro país. El objetivo es presentar un caso clínico de morbilidad extrema por hemofilia adquirida, su presentación clínica, evolución y desenlace fatal. Se presenta un caso referido de otra unidad del Sector Salud ISEM (Instituto de Salud del Estado de México), atendido en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Obstétricos del Hospital «Mónica Pretelini Sáenz», resaltando la importancia en la integración diagnóstico-terapéutica y la interacción multifactorial de variables relacionadas con su desenlace fatal. Conclusiones: Desconocimiento de la patología, retraso en el diagnóstico, múltiples procedimientos condicionantes de hemorragia iatrógena y la limitación en recursos terapéuticos son factores que contribuyen a un desenlace fatal.

Resumen Empleando modelos de ocupación, se evaluaron cinco variables (cuatro del paisaje y una del paisaje acústico) como predictoras de la ocupación del hábitat por parte de diez anuros neotropicales. Se reportó por primera vez una variable que describe el uso del espectro acústico como un predictor en la ocupación de anuros. Se encontró que la ocupación de las especies estuvo asociada con al menos una de las variables evaluadas, y tres especies presentaron ocupaciones asociadas con el uso del espectro acústico. Los resultados muestran que la cobertura de bosque, la topografía y el uso del espectro acústico son predictores de la ocupación de anuros neotropicales. Este estudio destaca el potencial de incorporar ecoacústica y la caracterización del paisaje en un marco metodológico único, para predecir patrones poblacionales.

Abstract Using occupancy models, we tested five variables (four landscape-related and one soundscape-related) as predictors of the occupation of ten neotropical anurans. We report for the first time a variable that describes the use of the acoustic spectrum as a predictor of anuran occupation. We found that occupation was associated with at least one of the tested environmental variables, and that three species presented occupancies associated with the use of the acoustic spectrum. Our results show that vegetation cover, topography, and use of the acoustic spectrum are predictors of neotropical anuran occurrence. This study highlights the benefits of incorporating ecoacoustics and landscape characterization into a single methodological framework, to predict population patterns.

Resumen Introducción: la cucha de ojos azules (Panaquecochliodon) es una especie endémica de la cuenca del Cauca y el Magdalena. Sin embargo, no se tiene mucha información sobre esta especie, incluida la ausencia de un protocolo de sedación adecuado para el trabajo en cautiverio con esta especie. Objetivo: estandarizar un protocolo de sedación del P. cochliodon. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones del sedante Eugenol que iban desde 20 a 40 mg/L; se adoptaron 4 tipos de sedación y 5 tipos de recuperación, encontrando así los grados de sedación adecuados para los diferentes procedimientos de manejo en confinamiento que se realizaron con esta especie. Resultados: todos los ejemplares alcanzaron la sedación tipo 4 y la recuperación tipo 5 sin mortalidad. Significativamente la concentración a la cual los ejemplares demoraron más tiempo en alcanzar la sedación tipo 4 y recuperación tipo 5 fue la de 20 mg/L, las demás concentraciones no presentaron diferencias entre sí, pero indican una tendencia inversa con respecto a la concentración y el tiempo. Conclusiones: todas las concentraciones evaluadas son seguras para el manejo de P. cochliodon de 314±11,6 gr, no se presentó mortalidad; las concentraciones de 30 a 35 mg/L, ofrecen 2,6 minutos de trabajo, sin efectos deletéreos aparentes sobre la especie.

Resumo Introdução: o cascudo de olhos azuis {Panaquecochliodon) é uma espécie endémica da bacia do Cauca e Magdalena. Contudo, não há muita informação disponível sobre esta espécie, incluindo a ausência de um protocolo de sedação adequado para o trabalho em cativeiro com esta espécie. Objetivo: Esta investigação padronizou um protocolo de sedação para o P. cochliodon. Materiais e métodos: para tanto, foram avaliadas diferentes dosagens e concentrações do sedativo Eugenol variando de 20 a 40 mg/l e adotados 4 tipos de sedação e 5 tipos de recuperação, encontrando-se assim os graus de sedação adequados para os diferentes confinamentos procedimentos de manejo que foram realizados com esta espécie. Resultados: todos os espécimes alcançaram sedação tipo 4 e recuperação tipo 5 sem mortalidade. Significativamente, a concentração na qual as amostras demoraram mais tempo para atingir a sedação do tipo 4 e recuperação do tipo 5 foi de 20 mg/l, as demais concentrações não apresentaram diferenças entre si, mas indicam uma tendência inversa em relação à concentração e ao tempo. Conclusões: todas as concentrações avaliadas são seguras para o manejo de P. cochliodon de 314 ± 11,6 gr, não houve mortalidade; concentrações de 30 a 35 mg/l, oferecem 2,6 minutos de trabalho, sem efeitos deletérios aparentes para a espécie.

Abstract Introduction: the blue-eyed pleco {Panaque cochliodon) is a species endemic to the Cauca and Magdalena basin. However, not much information is available on this species, including the absence of an adequate sedation protocol for captive work with this species. Objetive: this research standardizes a sedation protocol for P. cochliodon. Materials and methods: for this purpose, different dosages and concentrations of the sedative Eugenol ranging from 20 to 40 mg/L were evaluated and 4 types of sedation and 5 types of recovery were adopted, thus finding the appropriate degrees of sedation for the different confinement management procedures that were performed with this species. Results: all specimens reached type 4 sedation and type 5 recovery without mortality. Significantly, the concentration at which the specimens took the longest time to achieve type 4 sedation and type 5 recovery was 20 mg / L, the other concentrations did not show differences between them, but indicate an inverse trend with respect to the concentration and experimental time. Conclusions: all the concentrations evaluated are safe for the management of P. cochliodon of 314 ± 11.6 gr, there was no mortality; concentrations of 30 to 35 mg / L, offer 2.6 minutes of work, without apparent deleterious effects on the species.

ABSTRACT Background: Information is needed on the safety and efficacy of direct discharge from the emergency department (ED) of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the variables associated with discharge from the ED in patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, and study ED revisits related to COVID-19 at 30 days (EDR30d). Methods: Multicenter study of the SIESTA cohort including 1198 randomly selected COVID patients in 61 EDs of Spanish medical centers from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. We collected baseline and related characteristics of the acute episode and calculated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for ED discharge. In addition, we analyzed the variables related to EDR30d in discharged patients. Results: We analyzed 859 patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, 84 (9.8%) of whom were discharged from the ED. The variables independently associated with discharge were being a woman (aOR 1.890; 95%CI 1.176-3.037), age < 60 years (aOR 2.324; 95%CI 1.353-3.990), and lymphocyte count > 1200/mm3 (aOR 4.667; 95%CI 1.045-20.839). The EDR30d of the ED discharged group was 40.0%, being lower in women (aOR 0.368; 95%CI 0.142-0.953). A total of 130 hospitalized patients died (16.8%) as did two in the group discharged from the ED (2.4%) (OR 0.121; 95%CI 0.029-0.498). Conclusion: Discharge from the ED in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was infrequent and was associated with few variables of the episode. The EDR30d was high, albeit with a low mortality.

Abstract Due to the growing demand for fresh water, it is necessary to improve the efficiency in the use of water in agriculture. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of different irrigation sheets on the leaf area index (LAI), leaf temperature (Lt), leaf water potential (ψw) and yield in forage corn (Zea mays L.) under a drip irrigation system. The study was conducted in the summer of 2019 at the facilities of the La Laguna Experimental Field in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico. Three levels of evapotranspiration (ET) (60, 80 and 100%) and one control treatment (flood irrigation) were evaluated. Three drought-tolerant, high-yielding corn varieties were used. The experimental design used was randomized complete blocks with four repetitions, with an arrangement of treatments in split plots. The main plot was the irrigation treatments, and the secondary plot was the corn varieties. The variables measured were leaf area index (LAI), leaf temperature (Lt), leaf water potential (ψw), dry forage yield and water use efficiency. The different levels of ET affected the LAI, ψw, Lt and yields of the crop, conditioning the biomass production of the crop. The results indicated that the volume of water applied in the treatments with subsurface drip irrigation was 27 to 40% lower with respect to flood irrigation. The efficiency in the use of water was evaluated, the best results were obtained when the water was applied according to the phenological stage of the crop with the treatment of 100% ET affected by a crop coefficient (Kc).

Resumen Debido a la creciente demanda de agua dulce, es necesario mejorar la eficiencia en el uso del agua en la agricultura. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de diferentes láminas de riego sobre el índice de área foliar (IAF), temperatura foliar (Tf), potencial hídrico foliar (ψh) y rendimiento en maíz forrajero (Zea mays L.) bajo un sistema de riego por goteo. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el verano de 2019 en las instalaciones del Campo Experimental La Laguna en Matamoros, Coahuila, México. Se evaluaron tres niveles de evapotranspiración (ET) (60, 80 y 100%) y un tratamiento testigo (riego por inundación). Se utilizaron tres variedades de maíz tolerantes a la sequía y alto rendimiento. El diseño experimental utilizado fue bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, con arreglo de tratamientos en parcelas divididas. La parcela principal fueron los tratamientos de riego y la parcela secundaria las variedades de maíz. Las variables medidas fueron índice de área foliar (IAF), temperatura foliar (Tf), potencial hídrico foliar (ψh), rendimiento de forraje seco y eficiencia en el uso de agua. Los diferentes niveles de ET afectaron el IAF, ψh, Tf y rendimientos del cultivo, condicionando la producción de biomasa del cultivo. Los resultados indicaron que el volumen de agua aplicado en los tratamientos con riego por goteo subsuperficial fue 27 a 40% menor con respecto al riego por inundación. Se evaluó la eficiencia en el uso de agua, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron cuando el agua fue aplicada de acuerdo con la etapa fenológica del cultivo con el tratamiento de 100% de ET afectada por un coeficiente de cultivo (Kc).

Resumen El trasplante de riñón es la mejor terapia de reemplazo renal para la enfermedad renal en etapa terminal. La donación en vida constituye la mayor proporción de trasplantes en nuestro país; La nefrectomía de donación requiere evaluación de la función renal, lo que influirá en la planificación quirúrgica del riñón a donar. Métodos: Realizamos una comparación entre la evolución de los pacientes intervenidos de nefrectomía derecha frente a nefrectomía izquierda, con fines de donación en nuestro centro. Resultados: De un total de 395 casos, 86 (21.7%) fueron nefrectomías derechas. Con diferencias significativas en la proporción de complicaciones intraoperatorias, 2% para nefrectomía izquierda y ninguna para nefrectomía derecha; y más pacientes con complicaciones postoperatorias (Clavien-Dindo II) para el grupo de nefrectomía izquierda, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0.02) Discusión y conclusiones: Se requiere una adecuada planificación quirúrgica del riñón a donar para asegurar la función renal posterior al evento de donación, así como la verificación de la seguridad del acto quirúrgico en el donante y el receptor, esta debe ser colegiada e individualizada para cada binomio de trasplante.

Abstract Kidney transplantation is the best renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease. Living donation constitutes the highest proportion of transplants in our country; donation nephrectomy requires assessment of renal function, which will influence the surgical planning of the kidney to donate. Methods: We made a comparison between the evolutions of patients who underwent right nephrectomy versus left nephrectomy, for donation purposes in our center. Results: Out of a total of 395 cases, 86 (21.7%) were right nephrectomies. With significant differences in the proportion of intraoperative complications, 2% for left nephrectomy and none for right nephrectomy; and more patients with postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo II) for the left nephrectomy group, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) Discussion and Conclusions: Adequate surgical planning of the kidney to donate is required to ensure renal function after the donation event, as well as verification of the safety of the surgical act in the donor and the recipient, this must be collegiate and individualized for each transplant binomial.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a percepção dos estudantes de psicologia na modalidade online sobre as redes sociais utilizando o Modelo de Aceitação Tecnológica. O propósito foi descrever sua atitude sobre e sua confiança nas redes sociais, além da utilidade e risco percebidos e facilidade de uso das redes empregadas por eles. Foi uma pesquisa não-experimental, transversal e correlacional. Utilizou-se amostras não probabilística de 74 estudantes de diferentes regiões do México, sendo 56 mulheres. A idade média foi de 35 anos. Aplicou-se o Instrumento de Aceitação Tecnológica (TAM) adaptado às redes sociais virtuais. Os resultados demonstram que Facebook é a rede mais utilizada. As escalas de Risco e Confiança mostraram médias moderadas, o resto das escalas teve médias altas. Encontrou-se ainda que quanto maior a idade, menor a percepção de Facilidade de uso. As mulheres demonstraram maior percepção de Risco e, os usuários do Facebook, menor percepção de Utilidade.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate and describe the perception of social networks from the Technological Acceptance Model to describe the attitude, perceived usefulness, ease of use, trust, and perceived risk of social networks used by online psychology students. The study was non-experimental, transactional, with correlational scope. It was a non-probabilistic sample of 74 students from different regions of Mexico with an average age of 35 years, of which 56 were women. The Technological Acceptance Instrument (TAM) adapted to virtual social networks was used. The results show that Facebook is the most widely used social network. The Risk and Trust scales showed moderate means, the rest showed high means. It was found that at an older age the perception of Ease of use decreases. Women showed a higher perception of Risk and Facebook users showed a lower perception of Utility.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar y describir la percepción sobre redes sociales desde el Modelo de Aceptación Tecnológica para describir la actitud, la utilidad percibida, la facilidad de uso, la confianza y el riesgo percibido de las redes sociales empleadas por estudiantes en línea de psicología. El estudio fue de tipo no experimental, transeccional, con alcance correlacional. La muestra fue no probabilística de 74 estudiantes de diferentes regiones de México con una media de edad de 35 años; de ellos, 56 fueron mujeres. Se utilizó el Instrumento de Aceptación Tecnológica (TAM) adaptado a redes sociales virtuales. Los resultados muestran que Facebook es la red social más empleada. Las escalas de Riesgo y Confianza mostraron medias moderadas; el resto mostró medias altas. Se encontró que, a mayor edad, disminuye la percepción de Facilidad de uso. Las mujeres mostraron una mayor percepción de Riesgo y los usuarios de Facebook mostraron una menor percepción de Utilidad.

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Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and Mexico is no exception. The epidemiological data obtained in 1990 showed that cardiovascular diseases represented 19.8% of all causes of death in our country. This figure increased significantly to 25.5% for 2015. Some national surveys suggest that more than 60% of the adult population has at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (obesity or overweight, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemias). On the other hand, data from the Pan American Health Organization have linked the process of atherosclerosis as the first cause of premature death, significantly reducing life expectancy, which has enormous social repercussions. Objective: This document constitutes the Clinical Practice Guide (CPG) prepared at the initiative of the Mexican Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the Mexican Society of Nutrition and Endocrinology, AC, National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico, AC, Mexican Association for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis and its Complications, AC, National Normative Committee of General Medicine, AC, National College of Geriatric Medicine, AC, College of Internal Medicine of Mexico, AC, Mexican Society of Angiology and Vascular and Endovenous Surgery, AC, Mexican Institute of Research Nephrological, AC and the Mexican Academy of Neurology, A.C.; with the methodological support of the Ibero-American Agency for the Development and Evaluation of Health Technologies, in order to establish recommendations based on the best available evidence and agreed upon by an interdisciplinary group of experts. The objective of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations to help decision makers in the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias in our country. Material and methods: This document complies with international quality standards, such as those described by the Institute of Medicine of the USA, the Institute of Clinical Excellence of Great Britain, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network and the Guidelines International Network. A multidisciplinary group of clinical experts and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and the development of clinical practice guidelines was formed. A scope document was agreed upon, relevant clinical questions were established, the best available evidence critically evaluated in systematic literature reviews was exhaustively identified, and clinical recommendations were developed. The modified Delphi Panel methodology was used to achieve an adequate level of consensus in each of the recommendations contained in this CPG. Results: 23 clinical questions were agreed upon which gave rise to their respective clinical recommendations. Conclusions: We consider that this document contributes to better clinical decision-making and becomes a point of reference for clinicians and patients in the management of dyslipidemias and this contributes to reducing the morbidity and mortality derived from atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in our country.

Abstract Background: Restoration practices usually emphasize on the structural part of the biodiversity; also, most studies have focused on plants and very few have been conducted on arthropods and its function after restoration. The Pedregal de San Angel Ecological Reserve (PSAER) is a protected area immersed in Mexico City and it has been drastically affected by different anthropogenic disturbances. The aim of this study was to compare the relative diversity, richness, and abundance of species level identification, but also the composition through an analysis of ordination of taxonomic (species, family, and order level) and functional (trophic guild) traits of arthropods in three sites subjected to ecological restoration within the PSAER. Restored sites were also compared to conserved and disturbed sites, to evaluate whether restoration efforts are effective at the reserve. Methods: Arthropods were sampled using pan traps during September 2013 in 11 sites (three restored, four conserved and four disturbed) inside the PSAER. All sampled species were taxonomically identified at species of morphospecies (inside a family) and assigned to a trophic guild. Differences in diversity, richness and abundance were evaluated through effective number of species, comparisons of Chao’s1 estimated richness and a non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test, respectively. Both taxonomic and trophic guild composition were evaluated using a multivariate analysis and a post hoc test. Results: We found some differences in richness, abundance, and diversity between sites, but not a clear pattern of differentiation between restored to disturbed sites. The NMDS showed differences at species and order level, and with trophic guilds, among site types. Families were not useful to differentiate types of sites. Regarding guilds, predators were more abundant in conserved sites, while phytophagous insects were more abundant in disturbed sites. Conclusions: Species and order level were useful to identify differences in communities of arthropods in sites with different management. The trophic guild approach provides information about the functional state of the restored sites. Nevertheless, our quick evaluation shows that restoration efforts at PSAER have not been successful in differentiate restored to disturbed sites yet.

Resumen Introducción: La partición de recursos es esencial para determinar la riqueza y composición de especies en las comunidades naturales. Sin embargo, la segregacion temporal ha sido cuestionada como un mecanismo que promueve la coexistencia de especies ecológicamente similares. Objetivo: Con el fin de determinar la importancia de la segregación en los patrones de actividad, como mecanismo que promueve la coexistencia; se compararon los patrones de actividad de murciélagos frugívoros neotropicales. Métodos: Se capturaron murciélagos con redes de niebla desde el atardecer hasta el amanecer en tres localidades (bosque seco tropical, bosque muy húmedo y bosque lluvioso submontano) con el fin de calcular los patrones de actividad de las especies empleando la estimación de densidad Kernel. Se utilizó el coeficiente de superposición (Δ) para comparar patrones de actividad entre: (1) ensamblajes de murciélagos de los sitios de estudio, (2) especies frugívoras en el mismo sitio, y (3) poblaciones de la misma especie en diferentes sitios. Resultados: Se encontraron variaciones geográficas en los patrones de actividad de los ensamblajes en las tres localidades. Asimismo, se encontraron variaciones en los patrones de actividad entre especies en cada sitio y entre poblaciones en diferentes sitios. Determinamos que la superposición en los patrones de actividad disminuyó a medida que las especies estaban más relacionadas filogenéticamente, similares en abundancia y tamaño corporal; lo que sugiere una tendencia hacia la segregación temporal de especies ecológicamente similares. Conclusión: Estos resultados proveen apoyo empírico del papel de la segregación temporal en los patrones de actividad como un mecanismo que promueve la coexistencia de especies ecológicamente similares en la naturaleza.

Abstract Introduction: Resource partitioning by promoting coexistence is essential to determine species richness and composition in natural communities. However, the partitioning of time has been questioned as a mechanism that promotes the coexistence of ecologically similar species. Objective: To determine the importance of the partitioning of time as a mechanism that promotes coexistence, we compared the activity patterns of tropical frugivorous bats. Methods: We captured bats with mist nets from sunset to sunrise in three study sites (tropical dry forest, wet forest, and rainforest) to calculate activity patterns of the species using Kernel density estimation. We used the superposition coefficient (Δ1) to compare activity patterns between (1) bat assemblages of study sites, (2) frugivorous species in the same site, and (3) populations of the same species among different sites. To determine whether the overlap in the activity patterns was related to the ecological similarity of species, we evaluated the association between Δ1 and similarity in abundances and body mass and phylogenetic closeness. Results: We found geographical variations in the overall activity patterns of the assemblages of the three localities. Likewise, we found variations in activity patterns between species at each study site and between populations in different study sites. Overlap in activity patterns tended to decrease as species were phylogenetically more closely related and similar in abundance and body size. Conclusions: Our results provide empirical support for the role of temporal segregation in activity patterns as a mechanism that promotes the coexistence of ecologically similar species in nature.

Abstract Nowadays, parents must develop strategies to accompany their children in the use of digital technologies. The reason for this is that the internet is a social space. Online life offers possibilities for individual and social development, but it also promotes the emergence of new risks such as sexting, cyberbullying, and cyber dependence. There are two ways parents can guide their children: parental mediation and parental control. Parental mediation is the set of actions that parents take to manage the use and consumption of the media by their sons and daughters. There are three types of parental mediation: restrictive mediation, permissive mediation, and active mediation. In this context, this research aims to correlate mediation and parental control strategies with their use of the internet for children and adolescents. The EU Kids Online survey was used to achieve this goal. This questionnaire was adapted for the Colombian population through expert review and cognitive validation to children and adolescents in Medellin, Cali, and Cartagena (Colombia). The adaptation followed the procedures and standards of Kids Online Brasil and Kids Online Chile. The stratified and non-probabilistic sample consisted of 303 children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years from ten cities in Colombia. The results indicate that the more parental control, the shorter the child connection time. Whether it's behavioral or psychological control. While the greater the psychological control of the mother, the greater the presence of addictive behaviors of children and adolescents to the internet and cell phone. Besides, the more psychological control of the mother, the more risky behaviors the children assume. Conversely, if the mother performs greater behavioral control, the presence of risky behaviors in the child is less. Also, restrictive control of internet use has a higher relationship with a lower presence of general risk behaviors and lower risks assumed by children on the internet. This was also related to high rates of restrictive mediation by parents. As conclusions, it is possible to say that any type of control that parents exercise over their children's use of the internet (restrictive, co-visioned or technical) is related to shorter connection time and less cell phone addiction. Besides, a conflicting relationship with the mother increases the addictive behaviors of the internet and the smartphone. Especially when the kind of control the mother exerts is psychological. Whereas, if the mother exerts greater behavioral control, the presence of risky behaviors in the child is less. This research could serve as the basis for the design and implementation of psychoeducational training programs for parents and caregivers aimed at developing effective parental mediation skills and strategies to guide children and adolescents in their use of digital technologies. Also, the findings of this study could lay the scientific basis for the presentation of social projects that impact public policies on the responsible and healthy use of the internet. Moreover, when Colombia has a Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies and media outreach strategies on ICT care. Finally, researches done in psychology about this topic are limited in Latin America. For this reason, the findings of this work are a significant step forward on the explanation of ITC use in the region from a disciplinary point of view. This article seeks to encourage researchers to continue to advance their knowledge of the relationships between parental mediation and the use of the internet by children and adolescents.

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio correlacional sobre los controles y las mediaciones parentales frente al uso de internet por niños, niñas y adolescentes colombianos. Se trata de la encuesta EU Kids Online que fue aplicada en el año 2010 en 25 países europeos y, posteriormente, en Brasil en 2013 y en Chile en 2016. En el presente estudio, le encuesta fue adaptada y validada para la población colombiana mediante un panel de expertos y entrevistas cognitivas a usuarios. Se conformó una muestra estratificada y no probabilística de 303 estudiantes de ambos sexos de colegios públicos y privados, con edades entre 9 y 17 años y uno de sus padres o cuidadores, habitantes de 11 ciudades del país, quienes respondieron a los tres instrumentos de KidsOnline, una encuesta autoaplicada, otra dirigida a los estudiantes, y una tercera dirigida a los padres o cuidadores. Los resultados muestran relaciones entre el control parental y un menor tiempo de conexión a internet por parte de los hijos: el control del padre está relacionado con menor presencia de conductas adictivas a internet y al celular y, por el contrario, una relación autoritaria con la madre está relacionada con mayor presencia de conductas de riesgo en los hijos y específicamente, en el uso de internet. Además, las habilidades digitales de los padres son las que mejor están asociadas con una mediación activa, que los involucra más en las actividades digitales de sus hijos.

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del programa de atención domiciliaria del Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus en un grupo de pacientes multimórbidos y dependientes con respecto al número de hospitalizaciones y consultas a urgencias antes del ingreso al programa y un año posterior al seguimiento. Diseño: Fue un estudio longitudinal de antes y después. Participantes: Pacientes del programa de atención domiciliaria del Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus atendidos por geriatría domiciliaria con edad igual o mayor a 65 años, con enfermedades crónicas discapacitantes o trastorno neurocognoscitivo mayor; índice de Barthel menor de 60 y seguimiento mínimo de un año en el programa de atención domiciliaria. Intervenciones: Seguimiento de un año en el programa de atención domiciliaria y entrevista estructurada a los pacientes o familiares de los pacientes para evaluar los desenlaces. Resultados: El promedio de hospitalizaciones se redujo de 1,91 (DE: 1,82; IC95 %: 1,50-2,32) a 0,96 (DE: 1,43; IC95 %: 0,66-1,26) con significancia estadística (p < 0,001). El promedio de consultas a urgencias disminuyó de forma significativa (p < 0,001) de 2,20 (DE: 1,91; IC95 %: 1,77-2,63) a 1,20 (DE: 1,69; IC95 %: 0,82-1,58). Conclusiones: Se redujo el número de vistas a urgencias e ingresos hospitalarios con diferencias estadísticamente significativas.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of the home care program of the Intellectus Center of Memory and Cognition in a group of multimorbid and dependent patients with regards to the number of hospitalizations and emergency room visits, before the program and one year after the follow-up. Design: Longitudinal study of before and after type. Participants: Patients of the home care program of the Intellectus Center of Memory and Cognition, who met inclusion criteria: attended at home by geriatrician, aged 65 or over, chronic diseases or dementia, cancer or others, Barthel index less than 60, minimum follow up of one year in home care program. Main measurements: Number of hospitalizations and emergency room visits, before and after the year of follow up. Results: The average of hospitalizations decreased from 1.91 (SD: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.50-2.32) to 0.96 (SD: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.26) with statistical significance (p = 0.002). The average number of emergency room visits decreased significantly (p = 0.0003) from 2.20 (SD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.77-2.63) to 1.20 (SD: 1.69; 95% CI: 0.82-1.58). Conclusions: A reduction in the number of emergency room visits and hospital admissions was evidenced with statistically significant difference.